Graphical Presentation Research Articles

Influence of personal income tax on budget income formation of Ukraine

The paper defines the characteristics of population income taxation as the main component of tax revenues of the budget. The impact and fiscal significance of the personal income tax in the structure of tax revenues of the budgets of Ukraine is substantiated. When writing the paper, the method of comparison, synthesis, analysis, tabular and graphical presentation of research results was used, analyzing the dynamics of personal income tax receipts for 2018-2022. The necessity of today's realities regarding the creation of conditions in the tax system for the development of the country's economy and the formation of a stable budget is stated at the current stage. Taxes are an important part of the economic system and affect the formation of the revenue part of the state budget. During the analysis, the impact of the personal income tax on tax revenues to the state budget was revealed. It is outlined that usually indirect taxes prevail in the formation of the revenue part of the state's financial plan, because evasion of their payment is almost impossible. And in modern conditions, when Ukraine needs to restore territories, enterprises, it is the tax system that needs to create conditions for the development of the country's economy and the formation of a stable budget. Changes to the Tax Code and the loss of economic potential in some territories due to the closure or complete destruction of enterprises, the reduction of working personnel led to a decrease in tax revenues. In recent years, the contribution of personal income tax to the state budget has been - 21%; to regional budgets – 15%; to the budgets of territorial communities - 64%, which gives territorial communities the opportunity to increase their own financial resources. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive reform of the tax system aimed at increasing the fiscal role of direct taxes by reducing the tax burden on business and the population, increasing the efficiency of tax collection, reducing the level of corruption and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises. And the proposed results of the research will help territorial communities to form their own incomes at the expense of income tax on the incomes of individuals and to perform the functions assigned to them.

THE RATIONAL USE OF POLISH SOILS AS A CHALLENGE FOR SCIENCE, ADVICE, AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE

Aim: To present the rational use of Poland’s soils as a challenge for science, advice, and agricultural practice. Methods: Comparative analysis using tabular data and graphical presentations. Results: Compared to many European Union (EU) countries, Poland has a significant area of agricultural land, which, however, is systematically decreasing. It is of great importance to shape the environmental awareness of both farmers and society as a whole, aimed, among other things, at demonstrating all the functions of soils. Conclusions: Rational management of the soil environment should include recognizing all functions of soils, identifying threats, and delimiting areas sensitive to soil degradation processes. It is necessary to implement legal and financial instruments leading to the reduction or elimination of threats and the need to take into account regional specificities. Furthermore, the rational management of Poland’s soils is a strategic objective and important call for the whole of society. The basic prerequisites for implementing this program are the comprehensiveness of the assessment and the cooperation of science and counselling with local and administrative authorities and the agricultural self-government.

Mathematical simulations and sensitivity visualization of fractional order disease model describing human immunodeficiency

In this study, we explore a mathematical model of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in CD4+ T-cells, considering fractional-order dynamics in the Caputo sense. Fractional models are of great significance due to their capacity to predict disease outbreaks while incorporating memory and non-local characteristics. To establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the fractional model, a fixed-point theorem and an iterative technique are employed. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the solutions of the model are both positive and bounded. The basic reproduction number, denoted as R0, is calculated using the next-generation matrix approach, and the equilibrium points of the model, including disease-free and endemic equilibrium points, are presented. A sensitivity analysis of R0 is performed by varying different parameters. To analyze the local stability of equilibrium points, the Routh-Hurwitz technique is employed. The global stability of equilibrium points is demonstrated using the Lyapunov function and LaSalle's principle, as well as through UlamHyers (UH) stability and the generalized UH stability conditions. The proposed numerical scheme Adams-Bashforth predictor-corrector is validated by comparing it with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) technique. We examine the influence of the fractional order (ξ) by conducting numerical simulations for different values of ξ using the Adams-Bashforth predictor-corrector approach. Furthermore, graphical presentations illustrate how different crucial model parameters impact disease dynamics. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that the adopted strategies significantly improve prediction accuracy.

On obtaining analytical soliton solutions of Drinfeld-Sokolov-Satsuma-Hirota equation via two efficient methods

In this work, we use the enhanced modified extended tanh method (eMETEM) and the unified Riccati equation expansion (UREEM) to find analytical solutions to the Drinfeld-Sokolov-Satsuma-Hirota equation (DSSH). The use of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations in the modeling of many physical phenomena, the origin of the Drinfeld-Sokolov-Satsuma-Hirota equation being the formation of the coupled system, and the fact that this model also constitutes a fundamental model in representing numerous physical events, primarily shallow water and coastal regions, have been the driving force behind the study. To visualize the obtained solutions, contour, two and three-dimensional plots are presented. The proposed methods have effectively generated a range of solitons, such as kink, singular, and periodic singular types. The graphic presentations complete the interpretation of the physical significance of the obtained kink and singular soliton types, and the interpretation of the obtained graphs within this framework. In this sense, the findings of the study will help to shape future research in this field.

CellTool: An Open-Source Software Combining Bio-Image Analysis and Mathematical Modeling for the Study of DNA Repair Dynamics

Elucidating the dynamics of DNA repair proteins is essential to understanding the mechanisms that preserve genomic stability and prevent carcinogenesis. However, the measurement and modeling of protein dynamics at DNA lesions via currently available image analysis tools is cumbersome. Therefore, we developed CellTool—a stand-alone open-source software with a graphical user interface for the analysis of time-lapse microscopy images. It combines data management, image processing, mathematical modeling, and graphical presentation of data in a single package. Multiple image filters, segmentation, and particle tracking algorithms, combined with direct visualization of the obtained results, make CellTool an ideal application for the comprehensive analysis of DNA repair protein dynamics. This software enables the fitting of obtained kinetic data to predefined or custom mathematical models. Importantly, CellTool provides a platform for easy implementation of custom image analysis packages written in a variety of programing languages. Using CellTool, we demonstrate that the ALKB homolog 2 (ALKBH2) demethylase is excluded from DNA damage sites despite recruitment of its putative interaction partner proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Further, CellTool facilitates the straightforward fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis of BRCA1 associated RING domain 1 (BARD1) exchange at complex DNA lesions. In summary, the software presented herein enables the time-efficient analysis of a wide range of time-lapse microscopy experiments through a user-friendly interface.

GROWTH-23: An integrated code for inversion of complete Bouguer gravity anomaly or temporal gravity changes

A new code for gravity inversion is freely available. It can be used to work with data on complete Bouguer anomaly (CBA) and temporal gravity changes (dg), and is derived from several previous independent codes for CBA data inversion (GROWTH gravity inversion) and for gravity inversion of dg data (GROWTH-dg). This methodology enables the recovery of general 3D structures for anomalous density as a free aggregation of small parallelepiped cells filled with an adjusted density contrast. The non-linear problem is solved by exploration of the model space. This new code offers the following interesting advantages: (a) integrated approach for working indistinctly with CBA or dg data, (b) only one code to run, even for further graphical presentations, (c) only a limited number of necessary parameters, having all of them suggested default values, (d) ample graphical information on the running screen, and (e) can be run instantly. We describe the new code and its parameters and possibilities, together with some operational aspects. Several test cases are included. The GROWTH-23 code can be freely downloaded from the GROWTH-23_software repository at github.com, under an open source license.

A scoping review on the links between sustainable development goal 14 and early childhood caries

BackgroundThe Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 addresses life below the waters, an important source of protein and contributor to global food security and economic development. Our aim was to explore possible evidence on the links between life below water and early childhood caries (ECC).MethodsThis scoping review identified articles on the link between life below water and caries according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were systematically searched in January 2023, using specific search terms. Studies written in English, with full text available, addressing life under water, focusing on dental caries in humans, with results that can be extrapolated to control ECC in children less than 6 years of age were included in the review. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the retrieved papers and graphical presentation was used for visualization.ResultsThere were 224 publications retrieved of which 13 studies, published between 1960 and 2022, were included in the analysis. The papers originated from Asia (7/13), North America (3/13), Europe (1/13), and 2/13 had multi-country authorship. Also, four laboratory studies extracted agents from marine products to determine their efficacy in preventing caries formation and preventing/slowing plaque formation; four letters discussed the caries prevention potential of sea salt as a source of fluoride; and two review articles about the positive effects of extracted marine products for caries prevention. Most (11/13) studies addressed target 14.1 concerned with enriching the marine environment with nutrients and minerals; two addressed target 14.4 focused on ensuring fish stocks are within biologically sustainable levels; two addressed target 14.7 aimed at increasing the economic benefits through sustainable use of marine resources such as fisheries; and one focused on target 14.5 aimed at conserving marine areas by increasing protected areas. In addition, one ecological study assessed the association between the ecosystem and ECC.ConclusionsCurrently, there is little known about the impact of protection of marine and coastal ecosystem from pollution and ocean acidification on the risk of ECC. Further evidence on possible associations between life below water and ECC management is needed.

Toll-like Receptor 9 Gene in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Saudi Arabian Population.

Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease with a wide range of manifestations. Diabetes, notably type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is becoming more common in Saudi Arabia as a result of obesity and an aging population. T2DM is classified as a noncommunicable disease, and its incidence in the Saudi population continues to grow as a consequence of socioeconomic changes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors that mediate the inflammatory response in diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have documented the relationship between different SNPs in the TLR9 gene in different forms of diabetes. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between rs187084, rs352140, and rs5743836 SNPs in the TLR9 gene among T2DM patients in the Saudi population. This was a case-control study that included 100 T2DM cases and 100 control subjects. The three SNPs were identified in the study population (n = 200) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction enzymes for rs352140, and Sanger sequencing for rs187084 and rs5783836. Next, statistical analyses were performed using various software to determine the association between the SNPs and T2DM. rs187084 and rs5743836 were associated with an increased risk of T2DM development. rs187084 and rs5743836 allelic frequencies were associated with a 3.2 times increased risk of T2DM development (p < 0.05). DBP was associated with T2DM (p = 0.02). rs187084 was associated with TC and HDLc; rs352140 was associated with DBP, HbA1c, and HDLc; rs5743836 was associated with waist (p < 0.05). The CGT haplotype was strongly associated with T2DM (p < 0.003). Gene-gene interaction, graphical presentation, and dendrogram showed the strong association with T2DM patients (p < 0.05). This study concluded that rs187084 and rs5743836 were strongly associated with T2DM in Saudi Arabian patients. This study provides further evidence that SNPs in the TLR9 gene play a significant role in T2DM development in a Saudi community.

ATTITUDES OF SECONDARY STUDENTS' GUARDIANS TOWARD PRIVATE TUITION

Balanced development of various human qualities is possible only through proper education. Like various basic needs, education is now considered a basic need. Every parent wants to give high-quality education to their children, but due to professional reasons or lack of time parents fail to give proper guidance to their children. So nowadays parents are becoming dependent on private tuition to give proper education to their children. Secondary-level courses are long and difficult and therefore require consistent supervision. Parents are willing to give private tuition to their children to provide them with consistent guidance and extra support in their educational careers. The study aims to find out the differences in attitudes towards private tuition according to the educational qualifications of parents and to find out the nature of the attitude of guardians considering differing test items. A descriptive survey method was used in this study. The purposive sampling method was used for data collection. For data collection, 56 parents were selected from two districts. Only those parents selected as the sample, whose children study in secondary school. A self-made questionnaire was developed for data collection, and standardized by the expert. The scale was developed using Likerts method of summarization to assign a five-point rating to each item. The questionnaire used for data collection consisted of 47 items including positive and negative items. In this study, the percentage of opinions of the respondents on each item is shown by the graphical presentation. Finally, after analyzing the data it was found that parents have a positive attitude towards private tuition. Guardians with lower educational qualifications expressed more positive views on private tuition. So here it can be said that parents are largely dependent on private tuition for their childs education. KEYWORDS: Attitude, Private Tuition, Secondary School Students Guardians.

Hemodynamic forces analysis using transthoracic echocardiogram in acute heart failure

Abstract Introduction Heart failure (HF) represents a major health problem, being one of the leading causes of hospitalization. At present, echocardiography plays a key role in HF diagnosis and many innovations have been made. Particularly, in the last decades attention was directed towards fluid dynamic study, as it seems to better predict ventricular dysfunction. Therefore, the concept of hemodynamic forces (HDF) was introduced. Purpose The aim of our study was to evaluate HDF in patients with acute HF in the setting of the Emergency Room and at the time of recovery, furthermore, comparing them with healthy volunteers. Patients were also contacted 30 days after discharge in order to evaluate whether there had been new hospital admissions. Methods We enrolled 132 patients, of whom only 14 were effectively recruited given the need for the presence of sinus rhythm and the absence of severe valvulopathies. These patients were compared with 8 healthy volunteers. All individuals underwent trans-thoracic echocardiography, in order to assess cardiac morphology and function. HDF analysis was performed using QStrain software. Results The graphical presentation of HDF analysis differed in a statistically significant manner between patients with acute HF and healthy volunteers, with the first group showing a lower systolic peak (7.66% [6.32;14.3] vs 21.6 % [18.4;26.7]; p 0.003) and a shorter diastolic time (372 msec [342;472] vs 631 msec [468;679]; p = 0.012). Moreover, in patients with HF we identified a statistically significant reduction of the Inward Displacement (ID), a recently introduced parameter of systolic function, (12667 [10404;22647] vs 27289 [25131;29001]; p 0.003) and an increased systolic ratio, consisting of the ratio between transverse and apical-basal HDF (23.6±10.9 in HF patients vs 17.5±5.60 in healthy subjects; p = 0.102). Comparing patients with HF in the acute phase and at the time of recovery, we couldn’t obtain statistically significant results due to the small sample size. However, considering case by case, we pointed out a difference in ID and in systolic ratio which seemed to better identify effective hemodynamic stability compared with Ejection Fraction (EF) and Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS). Conclusion Our study appears to be the first one to evaluate HDF in the setting of acute HF. Our results suggest how HDF analysis could be a useful tool improving HF management, particularly leading to a better identification of effective hemodynamic compensation. However, we also emphasized the limitations of this tool, which currently restrict its use to the outpatient setting, particularly in the field of research.

Patients' Perception of Usability and Utility of a Digital Health Tool for Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes Monitoring in Real-Life Hematology Practice: Evidence from the Gimema-Alliance Platform

Background Digital health tools are increasingly being used in oncology practice to better monitor patients' health status. They may include electronic-patient-reported outcome (ePRO) monitoring systems, with automated alerts triggered to the physician depending on specific conditions (e.g., when patients report clinically relevant problems). Although implementation of these tools in real-life practice may offer valuable benefits, it is important to assess their usability and utility from the users' standpoint. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the patients' perception of usability and utility of a digital health tool for ePRO monitoring of patients with hematologic malignancies in real-life practice. Methods In December 2020, the GIMEMA Group developed a digital health platform for adult patients with hematologic malignancies (GIMEMA-ALLIANCE platform) with the goal of facilitating patient-centered care. The platform was open to enrollment until December 2022 and involved 26 hospitals. After providing written informed consent, patients received a personal password to access the secure patient portal and complete ePRO questionnaires assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms (EORTC QLQ-C30 and selected items from the EORTC Item Library). Real-time graphical presentation of PRO results is displayed for both patients and physicians. The platform allows hematologists to receive real-time alerts in the presence of clinically important problems and symptoms. For the purpose of this study, a dedicated section in the patient portal was developed to evaluate the usability and utility of the platform. In this section, patients had the possibility to complete the System Usability Scale (SUS). The SUS is a 10-item widely used questionnaire to evaluate users' perceived system satisfaction. Its score ranges from 0 to 100 and a score ≥70 is considered a threshold for an acceptable usability. Analyses were performed overall and by age group category, based on the median age of the patient population. Patients also completed an ad-hoc survey consisting of 6 items covering aspects on the utility of the platform, for example in favoring shared decision-making or improving the communication with the treating hematologist. Only patients who have completed the ePRO questionnaires at least twice, i.e. those who had the possibility to sufficiently test its functionalities, were considered eligible for completing the survey on usability and utility of the platform. Results Out of the 362 eligible patients, a total of 161 (44%) completed the survey. No difference in age and sex was found between patients who completed or not the survey. The median age of patients who completed the survey was 59 years (IQR: 51 - 67) and 53 (34%) were women. The most prevalent diagnosis was multiple myeloma (n=40, 25%). At the time of survey completion, 69% of the patients were receiving a treatment for their disease. The mean SUS score of the overall population was 80.8 (SD 15.5) and the majority of patients (n=131, 81%) gave a rating ≥70 (the prespecified threshold for the acceptable usability). The mean SUS score for the younger and the older groups was 80.5 (SD 14.9) and 81.4 (SD 16), respectively. Eighty-eight percent of patients agreed or strongly agreed that the platform was easy to use, 83% felt very confident in using the platform, and 72% found the various functionalities offered by the platform well integrated (Figure 1). Positive feedbacks on the utility of the platform were also collected. For example, 71% of patients considered the ePRO questionnaires useful for their health conditions and 63% would recommend its use to other patients. However, amongst the patients who had visits at the clinic (n=127), only 39% reported that their doctor discussed ePRO results with them, and this may explain the lower agreement for some items (Figure 2). For example, 38% of the patients strongly agreed/agreed that the platform helped them to improve the communication with their doctor, while 44% neither agreed or disagreed and 18% strongly disagreed/disagreed. Conclusion This study showed a good usability and utility of the GIMEMA-ALLIANCE platform from the patients' perspective, and this was true for younger and older patients. Future areas of improvement should include actions to facilitate physicians in discussing ePRO results during the clinical encounter with their patients.

Fractional order mathematical modeling of lumpy skin disease

In this article, we study the fractional-order SEIR mathematical model of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in the sense of Caputo. The existence, uniqueness, non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions are established using fixed point theory. Using a next-generation matrix, the reproduction number $R_{0}$ is determined for the disease’s prognosis and durability. Using the fractional Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion, the evolving behaviour of the equilibria is investigated. Generalized Adams–Bashforth–Moulton approach is applied to arrive at the solution of the proposed model. Furthermore, to visualise the efficiency of our theoretical conclusions and to track the impact of arbitrary-order derivative, numerical simulations of the model and their graphical presentations are carried out using MATLAB(R2021a).

Machine-tool industry retrospective analysis in member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States

The article examines the dynamics of machine tool production in the countries of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and post-Soviet states from the standpoint of statistical science. In the course of the work a data was obtained, the tabular and graphical presentation of which made it possible to identify certain periods of time in the machine tool industry of the USSR and the Commonwealth of Independent States (including the Baltic states), characterized by different dynamics and production structure in individual states. The initial stage of development fell on the territory of modern Russia, but during the years of the existence of the USSR, a number of machine-tool industries were opened in the Union Republics. This gave impetus to industrial development on the periphery of the Soviet state, and by the time the domestic machine tool industry flourished in the late 1970s, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic accounted for less than half of the all-Union output. However, after 1978 there was a significant decline in the dynamics of production in the industry. And after the collapse of the country there is almost complete destruction of the machine-tool industry on the territory of the countries of the former USSR. The results obtained in the course of the study can be useful in scientific and practical activities in assessing the current situation, as well as prospects for the production and consumption of machine tools in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, including Ukraine and the Baltic states.

Optical soliton perturbation of the quintic Gerdjikov-Ivanov model

This aim of this paper is revealing the optical soliton solutions of the perturbed quintic Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation, which models optical soliton transmission in the photonic crystal fibers and optical fibers. With the aid of the new Kudryashov scheme, we successful achieved the bright and dark solitons and we simulated their graphical presentation.

Peristaltic flow of bioconvective Ree–Eyring nanofluid through an inclined elastic channel with partial slip effects

Pharmaceutical fluid processing is a procedure of medication manufacturing, utilizing a particular kind of heat transfer in a biofluid designed to maintain the desired temperature for extended periods. Choosing a suitable fluid can have a positive effect on the operating efficacy of the system and lengthen the fluid’s and system’s life spans. As an outcome of this development, we investigate the influence of the partial slip and gyrotactic microorganisms on the peristaltic transport of a magnetohydrodynamic Ree–Eyring nanofluid via an aligned porous conduit with thermal radiation, energy generation, along with cross and double diffusion effects. By invoking suitable nondimensional parameters, the proposed dimensional governing equations are transformed into a system of dimensionless partial differential equations. The analytical solutions for the system of partial differential equations are obtained by incorporating the homotopy perturbation method. Further, tabular and graphical presentations are used to examine the characteristics of the various sundry parameters on the temperature, concentration, motile microorganism density, axial velocity, trapping, and other relevant flow quantities. The observations of this study indicate that the Darcy number and thermal Grashof number have the capability to enhance the velocity distribution of the Ree–Eyring nanofluid in the presence of bioconvection. The trapped bolus size and the skin friction coefficient increase noticeably because of an enhancement in the Ree–Eyring fluid parameter. Also, the Darcy number and the Hall current parameter increase the skin friction coefficient. Furthermore, validation of the results is carried out to examine the consistency between the current and the previous findings for some special cases and excellent agreements are found.

On the revealing of optical soliton solutions of the stochastic perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the presence of the Kerr law of self-phase modulation

In this study, an attempt to obtain optical soliton solutions of stochastic perturbed (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation having the Kerr law nonlinearity is presented. With the help of complex wave transform, the investigated nonlinear partial differential equation was converted into the nonlinear ordinary differential form. Analytical stochastic optical soliton solutions of the ordinary differential form were derived by applying the Kudryashov auxiliary equation method. By replacing the wave transformation and the appropriate solution set parameters, the main equation is provided. Graphic presentations were made for better interpretation of the results.

On optical solitons of the (1 1)-dimensional Biswas-Milovic equation having Kerr law and parabolic-law with weak non-local nonlinearity in the presence of spatio-temporal dispersion

In this study, an effort has been made to obtain optical soliton solutions of the (1+1)-dimensional Biswas-Milovic equation which was introduced by Biswas and Milovic in 2010, having Kerr law and parabolic-law with weak non-local nonlinearity in the presence of spatio-temporal dispersion, which is one of the important models for nonlinear optics. Although, the model is an equation that has been studied by many researchers, the fact that the form to be examined has not been studied before. As a general algorithm, first converting the model to nonlinear ordinary differential form with a complex wave transformation, then obtaining candidate optical soliton solutions by utilizing the new Kudryashov technique, determining the ones that satisfy the main equation from these solutions as the exact solution, and in order to better understand the obtained solutions by making graphical presentation and providing the necessary comments constitute the main framework of the article.

Google Site-Based Interactive Electronic Module as Basic Writing Media

This research aims to develop electronic module-based Google Site for learning basic writing in the English Language Education study program at Muhammadiyah University of Palopo. The results of the e-module that has been developed are then analyzed for its feasibility level through a validation process. This research uses Research &amp; Development with the ADDIE development model which focuses on four stages, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. The results of this research reveal that the module that has been developed can be categorized as very feasible after carrying out a validation process by the validators in terms of media and material. Furthermore, after all aspects of both media and material in this research were declared very feasible, it can be concluded that the product can be tested on a small scale with students. In this small-scale test students are asked to access the e-module application and are then asked to use it. After that students are then asked to provide responses related to the use of the e-module. The questionnaire focuses on linguistic aspects, presentation of material, usefulness and graphics. There were 20 students involved in this small-scale testing and the results were 81%, so it can be concluded that these students claimed that the e-module that had been developed was very good.

Large-Scale Identification and Characterization Analysis of VQ Family Genes in Plants, Especially Gymnosperms.

VQ motif-containing (VQ) proteins are a class of transcription regulatory cofactors widely present in plants, playing crucial roles in growth and development, stress response, and defense. Although there have been some reports on the member identification and functional research of VQ genes in some plants, there is still a lack of large-scale identification and clear graphical presentation of their basic characterization information to help us to better understand this family. Especially in gymnosperms, the VQ family genes and their evolutionary relationships have not yet been reported. In this study, we systematically identified 2469 VQ genes from 56 plant species, including bryophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, and analyzed their molecular and evolutionary features. We found that amino acids are only highly conserved in the VQ domain, while other positions are relatively variable; most VQ genes encode relatively small proteins and do not have introns. The GC content in Poaceae plants is the highest (up to 70%); these VQ proteins can be divided into nine subgroups. In particular, we analyzed the molecular characteristics, chromosome distribution, duplication events, and expression levels of VQ genes in three gymnosperms: Ginkgo biloba, Taxus chinensis, and Pinus tabuliformis. In gymnosperms, VQ genes are classified into 11 groups, with highly similar motifs in each group; most VQ proteins have less than 300 amino acids and are predicted to be located in nucleus. Tandem duplication is an important driving force for the expansion of the VQ gene family, and the evolutionary processes of most VQ genes and duplication events are relatively independent; some candidate VQ genes are preliminarily screened, and they are likely to be involved in plant growth and stress and defense responses. These results provide detailed information and powerful references for further understanding and utilizing the VQ family genes in various plants.

Особливості застосування психофізіологічних профілів операторів безпілотних авіаційних комплексів для професійного відбору

In order to develop new approaches to the psychophysiological selection of operators, 219 male servicemen aged 20 to 40 years old with experience in operating unmanned aerial systems of the first class Light and involved in a wide range of professional tasks were examined. To study their psychophysiological status, modified methods were used using the PFI-2 hardware and software complex. The following indicators were determined: accuracy of reaction to a moving object, strength of nervous processes, functional mobility of nervous processes, simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, orientation in space, and visual memory. To identify a set of informative indicators that can best divide the analyzed group of operators into 3 clusters, a stepwise discriminant analysis was applied. The technique was developed to obtain several psychophysiological profiles of vocational aptitude, equally effective in terms of content. The statistical discrepancy of these profiles has been established. Ways of evaluating the superiority of these profiles have been shown. The principle of “necessary diversity” in the implementation of occupational psychophysiological selection of operators working in conditions with increased danger has been proposed and discussed. A number of advantages of using this principle to increase accuracy and expand the contingent of persons subject to occupational psychophysiological selection have been identified. The technology of graphical presentation of psychophysiological profiles of operators of unmanned aerial complexes was developed for the purpose of assessment of suitability for professional tasks.