Graphics File Format Research Articles

Stability investigation of the Pix2Pix conditional generative adversarial network with respect to input semantic image labeling data distortion

The peculiarities of image generation by a pretrained conditional generative adversarial network on the basis of semantic scene labeling are investigated. Semantic labeling can be inaccurate and can contain defects that result, for example, from transforming the graphic file formats in which it was stored or transmitted. Cases are discussed of image generation based on such incorrect data—with modification of the hue, saturation, and brightness of the colors in the color labels of various classes of objects. It is determined that changing the hue of the label has an especially strong negative effect on image generation and could result in altering the class of the labeled object. Thus, the distribution uniformity of the label color parameters through the color spaces should be taken into account. Additional requirements should be introduced on the accuracy with which the color labels are represented.

Graphic File Formats

This publication on graphic file formats is the fourth of a five-part series on document design. This series also covers the document design process, principles of document design, elements of document design, and brochure and newsletter design.
 Previous version:
 Telg, Ricky. 2012. “Graphic File Formats”. EDIS 2012 (7). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/119921.

Brochures and Newsletters

This publication on brochure and newsletter design is the fifth of a five-part series on document design. This series also covers the document design process, principles of document design, elements of document design, and graphic file formats.
 Updated from previous version:
 Telg, Ricky. 2012. “Brochures and Newsletters”. EDIS 2012 (7). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/119922.

Elements of Document Design

This publication on the elements document design is the third of a five-part series on document design. This series also covers the document design process, principles of document design, graphic file formats, and brochure and newsletter design.
 Updates previous version:
 Telg, Ricky. 2012. “Elements of Document Design.” EDIS 2012 (7). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/119920.

Principles of Document Design

This publication on the principles of document design is the second of a five-part series on document design. This series also covers the document design process, elements of document design, graphic file formats, and brochure and newsletter design.
 Updates previous version:
 Telg, Ricky. 2012. “Principles of Document Design”. EDIS 2012 (7). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/119919.

Document Design

This publication on the document design process is the first of a five-part series on document design. This series also covers principles of document design, elements of document design, graphic file formats, and brochure and newsletter design.
 Updates previous version:
 Telg, Ricky. 2012. “Document Design”. EDIS 2012 (7). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/119918.

MMS2plot: An R Package for Visualizing Multiple MS/MS Spectra for Groups of Modified and Non-Modified Peptides.

A large number of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in proteins are buried in the unassigned mass spectrometric (MS) spectra in shot-gun proteomics datasets. Because the modified peptide fragments are low in abundance relative to the corresponding non-modified versions, it is critical to develop tools that allow facile evaluation of assignment of PTMs based on the MS/MS spectra. Such tools will preferably have the ability to allow comparison of fragment ion spectra and retention time between the modified and unmodified peptide pairs or group. Herein, MMS2plot, an R package for visualizing peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs) for multiple peptides, is described. MMS2plot features a batch mode and generates the output images in vector graphics file format that facilitate evaluation and publication of the PSM assignment. MMS2plot is expected to play an important role in PTM discovery from large-scale proteomics datasets generated by liquid chromatography-MS/MS. The MMS2plot package is freely available at https://github.com/lileir/MMS2plot under the GPL-3 license.

Deterministic approximations for a class of chance-constrained geometric programs

The paper contains research results of graphic file format influence on image structure, quantitative changes in structuring coefficients of clustered images, influence of deformation changes caused by destruction processes on image quality. Clustering package for visual black-white and grey patterns was taken as the main instrument for investigation.

АНАЛІЗ ГРАФІЧНИХ ФОРМАТІВ ТА АЛГОРИТМІВ КОДУВАННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ

The object of this paper is to analyze the graphics file formats and coding algorithms of digital images. The article begins with a short discussion on the problem of large information sizes of digital images. Then there follows a discussion on the most common coding algorithms and graphical formats. The simulation of four classes of images stored in different graphic formats is presented, in particular, how the coding of the corresponding algorithms influenced the visual and information characteristics of the images. The next paragraph deals with comparison raster graphic format BMP (24-bit) and vector format SVGZ in high quality. Also a similar comparison of images stored in JPEG and SVGZ (low quality) formats was performed and presented. The final paragraph states that the best result showed a binary image translated from bitmap format JPEG into vector format SVGZ. Therefore, judging from the performed simulations, we can conclude that using the SVGZ vector format to convert images from bitmap to vector graphics is appropriate for the first class of images stored in JPEG format, and to the images that contain homogeneous, noise-free colored areas with large areas of repetitive color, such as business graphics, charts, drawings, etc.

Preprocessing of Digitalized Engineering Drawings

<p>The concept of digital manufacturing assumes an application of digital technologies in the whole product life cycle. CAD product model replaced engineering drawing in digital manufacturing. In contemporary practice the engineering paper-based drawings are still archived. They could be digitalized and stored to one of the raster graphics format. After that they could be vectorized for interactive editing in the specific software system or for archiving in some of standard vector graphics file format. The vector format is suitable for 3D model generating too. The article deals with using of methods for preprocessing phase of digitalized engineering drawings vectorization process.</p>

Interactive projection images generation for swept-based 3D display

Unifying different types of graphics file formats is one basic requirement for widespread adoption of volumetric 3D displays. In this paper a 3D data visualization and processing framework is presented which is capable of interfacing with legacy 3D software packages and providing compatibility to a wide range of true 3D display applications. Exploiting OpenGL technologies and the performance of graphics processing units, the proposal allows the user to visualize true 3D volume from different types of graphic file formats. The method can process constructed 3D models of different formats and decompose the models into a series of image slices with different thickness, angle of rotations and rotating axis in real-time to meet the projection requirements of the swept-volume display. Boolean operations and local view redrawing methods are employed to review the shape of the interior parts of the 3D objects, which can provide users with a better understanding of the complexity and spatial relationship inside the objects. The user can browse and interact with volumetric images in an intuitive manner. Approaches are also proposed to export the image slices that can be projected onto the rotating flat screen in sequence to appear in the volumetric 3D display. Two different kinds of image files are generated, and the results show that a vector image has better quality than a bitmap image in terms of file size and time-consumption. Finally, by developing a simulation platform, the procedure of forming geometric slices into a 3D spatial image can be realized to simulate the presentation effect of a volumetric 3D display.

Experimental Evaluation of Integral Transformations for Engineering Drawings Vectorization

Abstract The concept of digital manufacturing supposes application of digital technologies in the whole product life cycle. Direct digital manufacturing includes such information technology processes, where products are directly manufactured from 3D CAD model. In digital manufacturing, engineering drawing is replaced by CAD product model. In the contemporary practice, lots of engineering paper-based drawings are still archived. They could be digitalized by scanner and stored to one of the raster graphics format and after that vectorized for interactive editing in the specific software system for technical drawing or for archiving in some of the standard vector graphics file format. The vector format is suitable for 3D model generating, too.The article deals with using of selected integral transformations (Fourier, Hough) in the phase of digitalized raster engineering drawings vectorization.

Integrity Analysis of Multimedia File Transmission between Mobile Phones

Mobile forensics deals with evidence from mobile devices. Data recovered from the mobile devices are helpful in investigation to solve criminal cases. It is crucial to preserve the integrity of these data. According to research carried out [1], it has been noted that not all data extracted from mobile phones have discrepancies in hash values during integrity verification. It has been reported that only the Multimedia Messaging Service message type showed a variation in hash values when performing data extraction. The main objective in this work is to study the variance in the content of the graphic files transferred between mobile phones via Bluetooth or MMS. We also determine the causes of such variations, if any, while checking the graphics file integrity. Different parameters including distance and file format have been varied and a series of test were conducted using: mobile sets of same make same model, same make different model and different make different model on different graphic file formats of different sizes. Results obtained confirmed that there was no alteration of graphic files during Bluetooth transmission. However, while transmitting the graphic files through Multimedia Messaging Service, results showed notable alteration level for graphic files of certain file format and size.

VISUAL PATTERN STRUCTURE INVESTIGATION BY CLUSTERING PACKAGE

The paper contains research results of graphic file format influence on image structure, quantitative changes in structuring coefficients of clustered images, influence of deformation changes caused by destruction processes on image quality. Clustering package for visual black-white and grey patterns was taken as the main instrument for investigation.

Variant Association Tools for Quality Control and Analysis of Large-Scale Sequence and Genotyping Array Data

Currently there is great interest in detecting associations between complex traits and rare variants. In this report, we describe Variant Association Tools (VAT) and the VAT pipeline, which implements best practices for rare-variant association studies. Highlights of VAT include variant-site and call-level quality control (QC), summary statistics, phenotype- and genotype-based sample selection, variant annotation, selection of variants for association analysis, and a collection of rare-variant association methods for analyzing qualitative and quantitative traits. The association testing framework for VAT is regression based, which readily allows for flexible construction of association models with multiple covariates and weighting themes based on allele frequencies or predicted functionality. Additionally, pathway analyses, conditional analyses, and analyses of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions can be performed. VAT is capable of rapidly scanning through data by using multi-process computation, adaptive permutation, and simultaneously conducting association analysis via multiple methods. Results are available in text or graphic file formats and additionally can be output to relational databases for further annotation and filtering. An interface to R language also facilitates user implementation of novel association methods. The VAT's data QC and association-analysis pipeline can be applied to sequence, imputed, and genotyping array, e.g., "exome chip," data, providing a reliable and reproducible computational environment in which to analyze small- to large-scale studies with data from the latest genotyping and sequencing technologies. Application of the VAT pipeline is demonstrated through analysis of data from the 1000 Genomes project.

Rendering Molecular Sketches for Publication Quality Output

The creation of 2D molecular structure diagrams that make full use of the capabilities of modern display systems, using only input data expressed in file formats used for cheminformatics, is a complex task that requires a number of additional algorithms. Assuming that atom positions have been well chosen, the rendering engine is required to micromanage the precise positioning of atom labels, bonds and atom adjuncts, in such a way that the final output is correct, consistent with convention, and as pleasing to the eye as a diagram produced by a graphic designer. The techniques must be equally applicable when creating output for low-resolution screens and high resolution printed output, and make use of contemporary graphics file formats in such a way that the largest possible number of software platforms are able to display the output at any resolution without degradation or inconsistency. The main issues involved in meeting these criteria are discussed, and algorithms for satisfying them are presented.

Graphic File Formats

When designing documents, you have to be aware of the different types of images you may receive. This 2-page fact sheet provides an overview of raster graphics and vector graphics. Written by Ricky Telg and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, June 2012. WC130/WC130: Graphic File Formats (ufl.edu)

Gabedit—A graphical user interface for computational chemistry softwares

Gabedit is a freeware graphical user interface, offering preprocessing and postprocessing adapted (to date) to nine computational chemistry software packages. It includes tools for editing, displaying, analyzing, converting, and animating molecular systems. A conformational search tool is implemented using a molecular mechanics or a semiempirical potential. Input files can be generated for the computational chemistry software supported by Gabedit. Some molecular properties of interest are processed directly from the output of the computational chemistry programs; others are calculated by Gabedit before display. Molecular orbitals, electron density, electrostatic potential, nuclear magnetic resonance shielding density, and any other volumetric data properties can be displayed. It can display electronic circular dichroism, UV-visible, infrared, and Raman-computed spectra after a convolution. Gabedit can generate a Povray file for geometry, surfaces, contours, and color-coded planes. Output can be exported to a selection of popular image and vector graphics file formats; the program can also generate a series of pictures for animation. Quantum mechanical electrostatic potentials can be calculated using the partial charges on atoms, or by solving the Poisson equation using the multigrid method. The atoms in molecule charges can also be calculated. Gabedit is platform independent. The code is distributed under free open source X11 style license and is available at http://gabedit.sourceforge.net/.

CAD/CAM of Clothing Laser Cutting

The paper takes computer digital image processing as a foundation, laboratory analysis as the confirmation method, and takes garment industry production as the application production, researching the information characteristic of the clothing image design, the signal extraction, and the basic conversion rule in order to explore the computer-aided design of clothing pattern, apparel images (CAD), as well as the achievement of automatic laser cutting on complex design and apparel-hanging through the information technology. The topic emphatically discusses different graphic file format conversion technology and establishes the best craft parameter database that suits the laser cutting via the ACCESS software, while carrying on the shape error and precision analysis. The topic research conclusion will provide effective, reliable technology and the data support for the laser cutting craft in fashion industry. And it will enhance the laser processing efficiency of the fashion and the apparel hanging as well as guarantee the cutting quality to achieve the best effect.

An Underwater Vehicle Simulator with Immersive Interface using X3D and HLA

Training war fighters how to maneuver a submarine is very important, but the use of real submarines in such training is expensive and hindered by regional and temporal limitations. Modeling and simulation (M&S) can be a good alternative to costly training. However, the use of existing M&S for submarines has limitations. For instance, the commercial software and hardware need to be kept in a secure place. Depending on the location of the protected software, war fighters may travel far and take a considerable amount of time to get to these places. Long-distance travel also means they have a limited amount of time to train on the M&S machines. Furthermore, many types of M&S have only a one-channel display system, which reduces immersiveness. Another problem is that few heterogeneous simulators can be used as an integrated system. One solution to these problems involves the use of extensible 3D (X3D) graphics, a platform-independent and open standard graphic file format, which can be used with general purpose PCs. The immersiveness is increased by means of a multichannel display system and a motion chair. Finally, the individual components of a simulator can be integrated with the high level architecture and run time infrastructure (HLA/RTI). We demonstrate the proposed method through experiments with an underwater vehicle simulator.