We investigate the emergence and topological nature of interface states (IFs) in N-AGNR/(N − 2)-AGNR/N-AGNR heterostructure (AGNRH) segments lacking translational symmetry, focusing on their relation to the end states (ESs) of the constituent armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) segments. For AGNRs with R1-type unit cells, the ES numbers under a longitudinal electric field follow the relations N = NA(B) × 6 + 1 and N = NA(B) × 6 + 3, whereas R2-type unit cells exhibit (NA(B) + 1) ESs. The subscripts A and B denote the chirality types of the ESs. The Stark effect lifts ES degeneracy and enables clear spectral separation between ESs and IFs. Using a real-space bulk boundary perturbation approach, we show that opposite-chirality states hybridize through junction-site perturbations and may shift out of the bulk gap. The number and chirality of IFs in symmetric AGNRHs are determined by the difference between the ESs of the outer and central segments, NO and NC, according to NIF,β = |NO,B(A) − NC,A(B)|, where β labels the chirality. Depending on whether NO > NC or NC > NO, the resulting IFs acquire B- or A-chirality, respectively. Calculated transmission spectra reveal that AGNRHs host a topological double quantum dot (TDQD) when IFs originate from the ESs of the central AGNR segment. Using an Anderson model with effective intra-dot and inter-dot Coulomb interactions, we derive an analytical expression for the tunneling current through the TDQD via a closed-form transmission coefficient. Thermoelectric analysis shows that TDQDs yield enhanced nonlinear power output in the electron-dilute and hole-dilute charge states, with Coulomb blockade suppressing thermal current but not thermal voltage. The thermal power output of the TDQD is significantly enhanced by nonlinear effects, even under strong electron Coulomb interactions.

ConspectusTwisted graphene nanoribbons (tw-GNRs), exemplified by helical perylene diimide (hPDI) oligomers and polymers, represent a versatile platform for next-generation organic electronics. Their distinctive architecture features a fused, twisted backbone that simultaneously introduces void space for ion transport while maintaining high electronic conductivity along the graphitic core. This Account details the development of these materials, underpinned by a defect-free polymerization-cyclization synthesis based on perylene tetraester precursors. This robust synthetic route enables the creation of ribbons up to 120 nm long with precise control over molecular length, edge chemistry, and backbone helicity, allowing for a systematic investigation of structure-property relationships.Leveraging this unique combination of properties, we address key challenges in energy storage, bioelectronics, and chiroptics. In the context of energy storage, we discuss how intermediate-length ribbons strike a structural "sweet spot" that balances the trade-off between electrode insolubility and ion permeability, facilitating ultrafast charging kinetics in lithium and magnesium batteries. Furthermore, we demonstrate how introducing cruciform hinges into the backbone creates an amorphous morphology that resolves the critical "conductivity-hydrophilicity-insolubility" trade-off, enabling high-performance aqueous sodium-ion batteries. In bioelectronics, we describe how modifying the ribbon edges with hydrophilic chains enables high performance and ultrastable n-type organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) capable of high-fidelity neural recording. Finally, we explore the chiroptical properties of these ribbons, explaining how remote chiral side chains can dynamically induce long-range helical order in the backbone. This structural control allows the materials to function as room-temperature spin filters via the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect.Collectively, these studies illustrate how precise molecular engineering can unlock new functionalities, ranging from dual ion-electron conduction to spin-selective transport, defining a versatile platform for next-generation organic electronics.

Triggering near-infrared (NIR) room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) poses a major challenge, because the narrow optical gap promotes nonradiative decay via thermal vibrations. Here, we report a series of high-performance RTP materials based on graphene nanoribbons, namely nHBT (n = 1-4). Unlike the modulation of fluorescence by extending π-conjugation, enhancing molecular conjugation more effectively induces red-shifted phosphorescence, enabling NIR emission. By doping nHBT in polyvinylpyrrolidone, NIR RTP with a maximum emission wavelength of 898 nm is achieved, exhibiting a quantum yield of 2.9% and a lifetime of 1.9 ms. Moreover, the rigid fused-ring framework suppresses molecular motions and nonradiative decay, resulting in a persistent afterglow even at 377 K. Well-dispersed NIR RTP nanoparticles were further obtained using polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene glycol) as the host and surfactant. In vivo studies demonstrate excellent capability to suppress background fluorescence, achieving a signal-to-background ratio as high as 47.3 ± 4.2. These results highlight rigid graphene nanoribbons as a versatile platform for high-performance NIR RTP and biophotonic applications.

Abstract We present a comprehensive study on the electronic, thermoelectric, and optical properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons with a ribbon of width M = 15 dimer lines, incorporating divacancy defects at distinct positions. Using the tight-binding approximation combined with atomistic Green’s function formalism and the gradient approximation, we systematically analyze the role of defect positioning and external transverse electric fields on the material’s behavior. Our findings reveal that both the presence and the location of divacancies significantly modulate the electronic band structure, leading to marked changes in thermoelectric and optical responses. Specifically, for DV = 7–8, the appearance of a divacancy induces two distinct peaks in the Seebeck coefficient curve, indicating an enhancement in the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the material relative to pristine AGNRs. Moreover, the maximum value of the Seebeck coefficient is also approximately 6.55 times higher than that of a graphene monolayer. In addition, under an external electric field, with an applied potential equal 0.4 V in the DV = 7–8 model, the optical absorption of the material increases sharply at an energy of 1.68 eV, corresponding to a wavelength of 738 nm, which lies in the red to near-infrared region.

Achieving near-intrinsic electrical properties of graphene nanoribbons via AgTe monolayer intercalation

Non-polynomial shear deformation theory-based analysis for bending, free vibration, and buckling in graphene nano platelet-reinforced composite plates

Design and implementation of high-performance thermoelectric (TE) devices pose significant challenges from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. Utilizing experimentally synthesized eight-carbon-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons with built-in periodic divacancies (DV8-aGNR), we address these challenges with three effective strategies: periodic pores, nonplanarity, and vertical junctions, all with the goal of minimizing phonon thermal conductivity and achieving a high figure of merit (ZT). Through first-principles calculations, we firstly investigate the TE performance of DV8-aGNR, which reveals that the periodic divacancies and nonplanar characteristics can effectively reduce phonon thermal conductivity while enhancing electrical conductance. A maximum ZT value of 0.64 at room temperature and 0.87 at 500 K in DV8-aGNR is 337% and 414% times that of the armchair graphene nanoribbon with the same width. Then the proposed van der Waals junction further restricts phonon transmission and exhibits improved TE properties, with ZT values rising to 1.70 and 1.97 at 300 and 500 K, respectively. The enhancement of ZT observed in DV8-aGNR and its vertical junction underscores the potential of our strategies for developing carbon-based TE devices with high performance.

Abstract In order to optimize the stability of integrated circuit interconnect, four graphene nanoribbon-carbon nanotube mixed structures (GCMS) are proposed in this work, viz. GCMS-1, GCMS-2, GCMS-3, and GCMS-4. The electrical modeling on the mixed structure is performed. The electrical parameters are extracted and the transfer function is derived with ABCD matrix. The Nyquist criterion is adopted for analyzing the stability, and the method to optimize stability is investigated. The signal integrity analysis is conducted and the impact of crosstalk on the stability is also studied. Research has found that the stability increases with extended length and elevated temperature. Reducing the thickness of graphene can effectively improve the stability. Reducing the diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotube can also increase the stability of GCMS-2, GCMS-3, and GCMS-4 interconnects. Reducing the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotube can increase the stability of GCMS-1 interconnect, while increasing that can increase the stability of GCMS-3 and GMCS-4 interconnects. The mixed structures surpass graphene nanoribbon in stability and outperform single-walled carbon nanotube bundle in eye diagram quality, integrating the advantages of these two materials. The odd mode crosstalk can improve the stability, and the mixed structures are less affected by crosstalk than carbon nanotube and graphene nanoribbon.

Converting solar energy into hydrogen energy: Research on the green hydrogen production mechanism of nanocomposite materials with graphene nanoribbons and ZnO composite materials based on the local electric field effect for transferring electrons

Modulation of adsorption and diffusion of alkali atoms on armchair graphene nanoribbons by edge passivation

Thermoelectric properties in twisted bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbons

Optical anisotropy of 6-A graphene nanoribbons synthesized inside aligned nanotubes

Tuning the properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons via chromium doping and double vacancy engineering

Improved in-vitro corrosion performance of resorbable magnesium alloy using distinctive hybrid silane coatings with modified nano graphene oxide

The directional control of light in miniaturized plasmonic waveguides holds appealing possibilities for emerging nanophotonic technologies, but is hindered by the intrinsic reciprocal optical response of conventional plasmonic materials. While the ability of graphene to sustain large electrical currents shows promise for nonreciprocal plasmonics, studies have been limited to extended samples characterized by linear electrical dispersion. Here, we theoretically explore quantum finite-size and nonlocal effects in the nonreciprocal response of mesoscale plasmonic waveguides comprised of drift-biased graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Using atomistic simulation methods based on tight-binding electronic states and self-consistent quantummean-field optical response, we reveal that a moderate electrical bias can appreciably break reciprocity for propagation of guided plasmon modes in GNRs and CNTs exhibiting electronic band gaps. The excitation by a nearby point dipole emitter and subsequent propagation of guided plasmon modes can thus be actively controlled by the applied current, which can further be leveraged to mediate nonlocal interactions of multiple emitters. Our results establish graphene nanostructures as a promising atomically thin platform for nonreciprocal nanophotonics.

Due to the ever-increasing fuel cost, environmentally incompatible growth of Green House Gases (GHG) emissions, and evolving, progressively stringent environmental and safety regulations, the lightweight design of vehicle structures has attracted many researchers. The crash box is prepared with six layers of carbon fibre in 0-90, 45 orientation, with different nano graphene oxide (nGO) contents and two different fillets. The experimental procedure is completed, and the results show that geometry and nanostructure are measured as critical parameters, allowing us to understand the design weaknesses and reconsider or enhance the current concept. Also, the results find that the nGO has a significant impact on reinforcing the structures. Adding and reinforcing the carbon fibre plus epoxy with nGO, compared to the neat sample, improves the strength of the structure. Adding 0.1 % nGO to the epoxy fills the crystalline gaps and creates a great bonding structure with epoxy and carbon fibre. This property would cover the micro-cracks made during manufacture, cutting, or other machinery processes.

Abstract We investigate the spin-polarized ballistic transport in a three-terminal Zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) device using a tight binding model, non-equilibrium Green function formalism within the Landauer–Büttiker framework. We study the transmission spectrum, density of states, I – V characteristics, spin-resolved conductance and spin current by varying ribbon geometries and an out-of-plane Zeeman field. In absence of magnetization, transport is dominated by subband quantization and resonant edge states, with pronounced dependence on ribbon width and length while the introduction of a Zeeman field offers spin-selective transport and inducing half-metallic behavior, particularly in narrower ribbons, highlighting the interplay between quantum confinement, edge-localized states and spin-dependent interactions. Moreover, we found Fabry–Pérot-like interference in conductance spectrum and bias-driven mode activation with strong spin filtering effects. The spin current is found to be tunable via magnetic field and gate voltage. Also, it remains stable under thermal fluctuations, demonstrating suitability for room-temperature operation. Finally, the energy and width dependence of the Fano factor reveals distinct quantum interference features and spin-polarized transport signatures. These findings indicate the potential of the three-terminal ZGNR based device for scalable and gate-controllable spintronic applications.

ABSTRACT The present study investigates the effect of octadecyl‐trichlorosilane functionalization of chopped glass strand mat (CGSM), Graphene nano particles (GNP) reinforcement on shear and vibration behavior of glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite single lap joints (SLJs) fabricated through co‐cure approach. The experimental results revealed that both the type of reinforcement and the surface functionalization play a crucial role in enhancing the shear strength of the SLJ. Specifically, the incorporation of functionalized graphene nano particles (FGNP) and functionalized chopped glass strand mat (FCGSM) reinforcement has increased the load carrying behavior of composite joint under loading. It shows significant improvement in shear strength enhancement by 97.06%, 77.33%, 67.9%, 5.96%, 31.66% and 8.19% compared to Plain, CGSM, CGSM+GNP, FGNP, FCGSM and FGNP+CGSM respectively. This enhancement has been attributed to functionalization of reinforcements that improve the interfacial bonding behavior between adhesive and adherends. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis has confirmed that CGSM reinforcement without surface modification has exhibited smooth surfaces with poor adhesion, while the incorporation of non‐functionalized GNP has led to agglomeration and crack propagation. Failure analysis demonstrated that functionalized dual‐scale reinforcements effectively suppress the agglomeration, alter fracture morphology, and significantly improve the structural integrity and durability of adhesive joints. Vibration analysis revealed that FGNP with CGSM reinforced SLJ has achieved the highest fundamental natural frequency.

Abstract Highly regular porous armchair graphene nanoribbons having a width of 12 atoms were synthesized recently. A model for investigating the quantum transport properties in such nanoribbons is developed by using a tight-binding lattice. The mode propagation in the nanoribbons is examined by analyzing the equations of motion. The lattice-Green-function technique is employed in calculating the quantum transmission coefficients of the Bloch modes. The calculation method of the lattice Green functions is adjusted to be suitable for the porous geometry of the nanoribbons for the situations where the conventional method is inapplicable due to the presence of the pores. The quantum transport exhibits a Fabry–Pérot interference when the porous nanoribbon is sandwiched by pristine nanoribbons. The lower envelop of the interference oscillation agrees with the prediction derived from the scattering properties at a single porous-pristine junction in the single-mode transport regime. While the oscillation envelop cannot be predicted in general in the multi-mode transport regime due to the random superposition of the oscillation components associated with the individual modes, the transmission is found to become even less than the predicted lower bound occasionally. In addition, the modes are not always independent from each other in the superposition. The comparison of the envelop form is made also for the quantum interference properties in a porous-pristine-porous junction. The violation of the lower bound is extensive including the single-mode regime when the coexisting Fano resonance states appear to fuse with the Fabry–Pérot interference states.

Dynamical Structure of Quasiparticles on Graphene Nanoribbons