Grape Seed Extract Research Articles

Fabrication of functional nanofibril film from biodegradable konjac glucomannan and polyethylene oxide via electrospinning method

The exploration of strategy to synthesize nanofibril film for functional applications is of great scientific and technological interest. This paper demonstrates that nanofibril film, made of biodegradable konjac glucomannan (KGM) and polyethylene oxide (PEO), performs better physical and chemical properties than solvent casting film. We fabricate a nanofibril film by electrospinning method. To collect consistent and uniform nanofibers, we explore the effect of the proportion of KGM and PEO. At proportion of KGM: PEO = 1:10, the as-prepared nanofibers are consistent in size with an average width of 200 nm. We further characterize the nanofibril film by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show physical crosslinked networks between KGM and PEO chains, and modifications of the crystallization of the polymers. In addition, we disperse grape seed extract (GSE) into the electrospinning solutions to prepare bioactive nanofibril film. The as produced nanofibril film demonstrates good water vapor barrier and antioxidation function.

The Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles from Aqueous Extract of Grape Seeds against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

Grape seed extract (GSE) is a natural source of polyphenolic compounds and secondary metabolites, which have been tested for their possible antimicrobial activities. In the current study, we tested the antibacterial and antifungal activities of aqueous GSE and the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles loaded with GSE (GSE-AgNPs) against different pathogens. The biosynthesized GSE-AgNPs were assessed by UV spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activities were assessed against different bacterial and fungal species. DLS analysis showed that GSE-AgNPs had a Z-Average of 91.89 nm while UV spectroscopy showed that GSE-AgNPs had the highest absorbance at a wavelength of ~415 nm. FTIR analysis revealed that both of GSE and GSE-AgNPs consisted of different functional groups, such as hydroxyl, alkenes, alkyne, and aromatic rings. Both FE-SEM and TEM showed that GSE-AgNPs had larger sizes and rough surfaces than GSE and AgNO3. The results showed significant antimicrobial activities of GSE-AgNPs against all tested species, unlike GSE, which had weaker and limited effects. More studies are needed to investigate the other antimicrobial activities of GSE.

Grape Seed and Skin Extracts as Natural Preserving Agents on Strawberry Fruit

Concerning highly restricted application of chemicals in postharvest technology of horticultural crops, it is necessary to introduce the safe methods for preserving food or methods of food preservation. This study aimed to improve quality and prolong storage life of strawberry fruit by application of grape seed and fruit skin extracts and to compare them with calcium chloride as a chemical. In this study, strawberry fruit was individually immersed in the 1% and 2% CaCl2 solutions, seed and skin extracts (1 and 2 mg L-1) and then placed in polyethylene packaging for 24 d at 5±1 °C. Measurements of firmness, titrable acid, pH, weight loss, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, anthocyanin, vitamin C, enzymes' activity including catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase and decay were carried out at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 d of storage. All applied treatments caused a significant effect on measured parameters including weight loss, titratable acidity, decay percentage and firmness, maintenance of anthocyanin and vitamin C contents, total phenolic, and antioxidant capacity. However, grape skin extract and grape seed extract showed the best results. Therefore, it can be concluded that Shiraz dark grape seed and skin extracts have the potential to control the decay incidence, prolong the storage life and preserve of postharvest valuable attributes of strawberry.

Antioxidant pectin/pullulan edible coating incorporated with Vitis vinifera grape seed extract for extending the shelf life of peanuts

Bioactive pectin/pullulan (PEC/PUL) binary blend film combined with Vitis vinifera grape seed extract (GSE) was fabricated. GSE was compatible with PEC/PUL polymer matrix to form a dense film structure with increased mechanical strength. The GSE-containing film offered some antimicrobial activity against E. coli and L. monocytogenes by delaying bacterial growth. Also, the GSE-added film exhibited antioxidant potential because of the free radical scavenging ability of polyphenolic compounds in the extract. The PEC/PUL/GSE films had significant UV blocking properties imparted by pectin and GSE along with the high gas barrier provided by pullulan. Raw and roasted peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) coated with PEC/PUL/GSE film had a 75 % reduction in the peroxide values than uncoated peanuts after 30 days under ambient conditions. The edible coating of PEC/PUL/GSE film had an excellent ability to prolong the shelf life of stored peanuts by delaying rancidity.

Grape Seed Extract Role Against L-Thyroxine Effects On Thyroid Gland And Lipid Profile

The aim of the current study is identify role grape seed extract on thyroid gland tissues, hormones and lipid profile disorders induced by L-Thyroxine by used dose 20 mg/kg. The experience including 40 male rats randomly divided into five groups each group consist of 8 animals, grape seed extract dose 150mg/kg daily for 30-day.
 Results showed that the animals treated with L-Thyroxine had significant increase(P<0.05) in thyroid hormones concentration and dencrease TSH hormone compared with their normal range level in the control group and the rest of the experiment groups, While groups in which grape seed extract (GSE) interferes with drug showed improvement in thyroid hormones level closer to normal range in control group. Also the results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in TC, TG HDL, vLDL and in L-Thyroxine group, in addition to thyroid tissue damage. On the other hand animals treated by both grape seed extract (GSE) and drug showed significant improvement(P<0.05) in TC, TG, HDL, vLDL, LDL and thyroid tissue compared with groups treated with drug only. It was concluded from this study that grape seeds extract had protective role against damage caused by L-Thyroxine.

The Effect of Phytochemical Extracts on Cytokine Gene Expression

Background: In the last century, nutritional supplements have shown a wide spectrum of biochemical effects, most notably about immunomodulation and countering inflammation. Objective: This study investigates the impact of phytochemical compounds that are present in different quantities of pomegranate, grape seeds and garlic extracts on the expression of inflammatory (IL1β and IL6) and anti-inflammatory (IL10) genes, the effects of polymorphisms in these genes on this response. Methods: Human peripheral blood leukocyte cultures were treated with pomegranate (1.2% or 2.4%), garlic (0.5% or 1.2%), or grape seed (1.2% or 2.4%) extracts. Gene expression was assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Polymorphisms of the cytokine genes were analyzed using allele-specific PCR. Results: Pomegranate extract (2.4%) reduced the transcription of IL1β by 16-fold in comparison to control. The expression of IL6 relative to the control after the addition of grape seed extract (1.2%) was reduced by 100-fold. The grape seeds extract (1.2%) showed the effect of increasing transcription for IL10 compared to the control. The level of IL1β transcription in culture with garlic extract depends on the genotype of the cell for -31T>C polymorphism (r = 0.67 p = 0.03). There is correlation between polymorphism -174G>C and level gene expression IL6 (r=-0.66, p = 0.04) after adding grape seeds extract. Conclusion: The phytochemical compounds in pomegranate extracts and grape seed extracts play the role of anti-inflammatory by decreasing the gene expression of IL1β, IL6 and increasing the transcription of IL10.

Use of two kinds of antioxidants to restore the bond strength of bleached enamel.

This work aimed to evaluate the ability of two kinds of antioxidants, namely, grape-seed extract and sodium ascorbate, in restoring bond strength at the resin-enamel interface after bleaching. Ten groups of samples with 15 teeth per group were prepared for shear-bond-strength test at the resin-enamel interface after bleaching. The groups were as follows: control; no antioxidant; 2.5%, 5%, 10%, or 15% grape-seed extract; and 2.5%, 5%, 10%, or 15% sodium ascorbate. The peak values of shear bond strength when resin was debonded from teeth and the failure modes under a microscope were recorded. Ten other groups of teeth with two teeth per group were prepared and treated in a similar approach before resin bonding. The samples were cut vertically to the bonding interface. The structures of the bonding interface were compared by scanning electron microscopy. No statistically significant difference in shear bond strength was found among the no-antioxidant, 2.5% grape-seed extract, and 2.5%, 5%, or 10% sodium ascorbate groups (P>0.05), which were statistically significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Evidence of marginal gap was observed at the resin-enamel interface, and resin tags in enamel were short, poorly defined, and fragmented. No statistically significant difference in shear bond strength was found among 5%, 10%, or 15% grape-seed extract, 15% sodium ascorbate, and control groups (P>0.05). No evidence of discontinuity was found at the adhesion interface, and resin tags in enamel were long, well defined, and structurally intact. Failure in the adhesive joint was the major debond mode in all experimental groups. Immediately after bleaching, the bond strength of dental enamel significantly decreased. Bond strength can be restored by 5% grape-seed extract or 15% sodium ascorbate in 5 min.

Graphene oxide/polyethylene glycol aerogel reinforced with grape seed extracts as wound dressing

Graphene oxide/polyethylene glycol aerogel reinforced with grape seed extracts as wound dressing

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic/Cytoprotective Activity of Non-Polar Extracts of Grape (Vitis labrusca cv. Bordeaux) and Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) Seeds.

The aim of this study was to compare the influence of the extraction method, chemical composition, antimicrobial effects, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity on human cells of the non-polar extracts of grape (Vitis labrusca) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) seeds. The Soxhlet (Sox), Bligh–Dyer (BD), and ultrasound (US) methods were used for extractions. For blackberry non-polar seed extract, extraction via the BD method showed the highest mean values of total phenolic content (TPC), expressed in milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per 100 mL of non-polar seed extracts (102.37 mg GAE/100 mL), and higher antioxidant activity in relation to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, expressed in milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per 100 mL of non-polar seed extracts (11.50 mg AAE/100 mL), if compared with the Sox and US extractions. Similar results were obtained for the non-polar grape seed extracts, where BD extraction obtained the highest values for TPC (28.61 mg GAE/100 mL) and DPPH (35.36 mg AAE/100 mL). The type of extraction method had an impact on the composition of fatty acids. Only the non-polar blackberry and grape seed extracts obtained via the Sox method showed some in vitro inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli (IAL 2064) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13565). Regardless of the extraction method used, the non-polar blackberry and grape seed extracts did not decrease the cell viability (IC50 >1000 µg/mL) of cancer and normal cell lines, thus indicating the relative safety of the extracts. All the seed extracts decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species in the cell lines. Blackberry and grape seed lipid fractions can be utilized as antioxidants, and the extraction methods used cause significant changes in relation to their bioactivity and chemical composition.

Relative effect of Malayer Shahani and Asgari grapes seed extract on inducing apoptosis in human leukemia cells.

Previous studies have suggested that consuming fruit and vegetable can lower the risk of several cancers, including breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. The present study aims to investigate the in vitro anticancer effects of Shahani and Asgari grape seed extract (GSE) grown in Malayer City of Iran on HL-60 cancer. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, it is the first time in this study that the antiproliferative effect of Shahani and Asgari GSE is compared. Shahani and Asgari GSE Was extraction white method of Liquid/liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Then assessing cytotoxic activities of Shahani and Asgari GSE on the HL-60 cells was tested using MTT assay. The results show that compared with the control group, seed extract of both Shahani and Asgari at the various concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) had a significantly inhibitory effect on HL-60 cell proliferation that was dose dependent. However, Shahani GSE at different concentrations (50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) indicated a significantly higher inhibitory effect compared to Asgari GSE. In addition, GSE can induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 cells. Furthermore, GSE of Asgari and Shahani remarkably increased the induction of HL-60 cell apoptosis depending on its dose. However, at the concentration of 200 μg/ml, GSE induced cell necrosis rather than apoptosis. Seed extract of both Shahani and Asgari at the various concentrations had a significantly inhibitory effect on HL-60 cell proliferation that was dose dependent.

Comparison of Efficacy of Diode Laser and Grape Seeds Extract as Cavity Disinfectants in Primary Teeth- an in vitro study

Purpose: Cavity disinfection is an essential procedure for success of Atraumatic restorative treatment. This study was designed to test the efficacy of diode laser and grape seeds extract as primary teeth cavity disinfectants. Methods: A total of 96 sound primary molars were divided into two groups according to the test performed (n=48); antimicrobial effect/ shear bond strength. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups according to cavity disinfectants: (n=12); group1: Control (no treatment), group 2: 2% chlorhexidine gluconates (CHX), group 3: diode laser, group 4: 5%w/v grape seed extract (GSE). Occlusal cavities were inoculated with the Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) suspension and incubated under aerobic conditions. Dentine chips were collected and S.mutans colony forming units were counted. For shear bond strength, cylindrical glass ionomer specimens were bonded to dentine surface then loaded at tooth-restoration interface till debonding. Results: Diode laser exhibited the highest antibacterial effect. No difference was detected in mean values of shear bond strength in diode laser (5.88±1.28) and GSE (3.47±1.55) groups when compared to the negative control group (4.97±1.80). Conclusion: Diode laser system is preferred over GSE and CHX as a potent cavity disinfectant for primary teeth. GSE can be used as a natural alternative for CHX

Remineralization potential of grape seeds extract gel versus casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate in white spot lesions in post orthodontic patients: A randomized clinical trial

Aims: To determine the effectiveness of grape seed extract (GSE) gel compared to Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) application in managing white spot lesions (WSLs) in post orthodontic patients. Statistical analysis used: All statistical calculations were done using computer program IBM SPSS advanced statistics (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Methods and Material: This study was a single-blinded randomized clinical trial where 24 participants with white spot lesions in at least two teeth were included and randomized into two groups (12 patients each) to receive either GSE gel or CPP-ACP paste application. GSE gel was used on WSLs after orthodontic treatment every week, while CPP-ACP paste was applied twice daily by the patients themselves. Baseline and post-intervention measurements of quantitative changes of WSLs were measured by KaVo DIAGNOdent at 1, 3 and 6 months. Data for quantitative changes of WSLs were recorded and analyzed for each group. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in overall DIAGNOdent mean readings between GSE gel and CPP-ACP paste groups at P=0.360. Conclusions: Based on the data obtained in this study, it is suggested that GSE promotes remineralization of WSLs post orthodontic treatment and, thus, might be considered an effective natural agent for treatment of early enamel carious lesions.

Etçi piliç rasyonlarına doğal antioksidanlar ve kaplanmış kalsiyum bütirat ilavesinin karkas özellikleri, serum biyokimyasal parametreleri, ette lipid peroksidasyon ve bağırsak histomorfolojisi üzerine etkileri

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E, grape seed extract and green tea extract with or without supplementation of coated calcium butyrate in broilers based on carcass traits, some biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphology, and lipid peroxidation in meat. Two hundred fifty-two one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into nine groups, one control and eight experimental. Control group fed only a basal diet (control). The experimental groups' diets contained feed additives as; coated calcium butyrate (CCB), vitamin E (VitE), grape seed extract (GSE), green tea extract (GTE), a combination of vitamin E with coated calcium butyrate (VitE+CCB), grape seed extract with coated calcium butyrate (GSE+CCB), green tea extract with coated calcium butyrate (GTE+CCB), and a combination of grape seed extract, green tea extract, and coated calcium butyrate (GSE+GTE+CCB) respectively. According to the study results; no significant differences were observed in gut histomorphology and serum biochemical parameters. The broilers fed with GSE and GTE with/without CCB had significantly higher hot carcass yield than control, VitE, and VitE+CCB. Furthermore, all groups showed significantly lesser lipid peroxidation in meat than control; however, the VitE group had the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. It can be concluded that the combination of CCB with natural antioxidants could be used to improve carcass traits and meat antioxidant capacity in broilers.

The effect of grape seed extract supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.

Grape seed extract (GSE) seems to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties due to its high polyphenolic content. Nevertheless, the scientific literature in this field is controversial and inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials to evaluate the effect of supplementation with GSE on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases were searched up to 10 September 2020 using appropriate keywords without restrictions. In the systematic review phase, all biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation were considered as outcomes. In the meta-analysis phase, six biomarkers were selected as outcomes, and weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for them using a random-effects model. Twenty-three studies were included in the systematic review, and 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. GSE supplementation caused a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (SMD: -1.04, 95% CI: -1.65, -0.42), oxidised low-density lipoprotein (SMD: -0.44, 95% CI: -0.75, -0.13) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (WMD: -0.48mg/L, 95% CI: -0.94, -0.03) and a marginally significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (SMD: 0.49, 95% CI: -0.05, 1.04) but did not significantly influence C-reactive protein (WMD: -0.36mg/L, 95% CI: -1.02, 0.30) and white blood cell count (WMD: 0.12×109 /L, 95% CI: -0.25, 0.48). It appears that GSE supplementation can remarkably modulate the body's redox system, particularly through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, but has neutral or mildly beneficial effects on inflammatory responses.

Comparative Analysis of Different Flavonoids on the Immediate Shear Bond Strength of Bleached Enamel Surface: An ex-vivo Study

INTRODUCTION: Bleaching, although considered as the first choice of treatment for discoloured teeth, can be utilized in conjunction with composite resin bonding or veneering and porcelain laminate veneers, to provide a more esthetic result. AIM: The aim of the ex-vivo study is to obtain a comparative analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of antioxidants on the immediate composite bond strength on bleached enamel surface.MATERIALS AND METHOD: Freshly extracted human permanent maxillary central incisors were selected and prepared for the respective study. All the specimens then were randomly divided into two control groups and three experimental groups, each group consisting of 20 specimens each. Among these were three experimental groups 10% Sodium Ascorbate, 5% Grape Seed extracts (Proanthocyanidin, PA) &amp; 10% Green tea extracts (catechins and epigallocatechin gallate, CA and EG) and two control groups (Positive control &amp; Negative control).RESULTS: When compared to Group 1 (positive control, 26.24 ± 0.90 MPa ), Group 3 (5%Grape seed extract; 32.17 ± 1.52 MPa), Group 4 (10% Sodium Ascorbate; 28.91 ±1.50 MPa ) and Group 5 (5% Green tea extract; 24.10 ± 1.21MPa ) showed significantly higher shear bond strength values.CONCLUSION: The present study indicated that the shear bond strength of the antioxidant group (Group3) is higher than all three experimental groups. In addition, the shear bond strength of the bleached group (Group 2) is significantly lower than all the other groups. This implies that immediate use of antioxidants, contributes in reversal the bond strength of bleached enamel.

Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis by Grape Seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) Extract and Rooting Effect on Grape Cuttings

Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis by Grape Seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) Extract and Rooting Effect on Grape Cuttings

Pre-Treatment with Grape Seed Extract Reduces Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a pathogenic bacteria identified as a potential risk factor for gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. During the stomach colonization, H. pylori triggers a strong inflammatory response and subsequent oxidative stress, which are associated with tissue damage. For this reason, it is of particular interest to develop alternative natural tools that enable modulation of the associated damaging immune response. With this purpose, we obtained grape seed extract (GSE) from sweet (not fermented) food grade seeds. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of GSE and its two enriched procyanidins fractions (OPC and PPC) on the inflammatory process and oxidative stress produced by different H. pylori strains in human gastric epithelial cells (AGS). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring the level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. IL-8 production was significantly reduced in H. pylori-infected human gastric epithelial cells pre-treated with GSE or its enriched fractions when compared with non-pre-treated infected cells (from 21.6% to 87.8%). Pre-treatment with GSE or its fractions significantly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AGS cells after infection, depending on the H. pylori strain. Our results also showed that GSE and its fractions demonstrate antibacterial activity against all strains of H. pylori used in the study. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of GSE enriched in procyanidins against the main events associated with H. pylori infection.

Intraradicular Dentin Biomodification with Natural Agents for Bonding Glass-fiber Posts.

To evaluate the effects of pretreatment with different crosslinking agents on glass-fiber-post adhesive luting. Single-rooted human teeth (n = 20) were randomly assigned to four groups: proanthocyanidins (PA) from grape-seed extract, cardol and cardanol (separated from cashew nut-shell liquid) and negative control (hydroethanolic solution). The solutions were applied on 37% phosphoric acid-etched dentin for 60 s. Glass-fiber posts were cemented using a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3M Oral Care) and composite cement (RelyX ARC, 3M Oral Care). Slices for the push-out bond strength test were cut and tested after 24-h or 6-month storage in distilled water. The dentin underlying the adhesive layer was analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy to evaluate vibrational formation of collagen crosslinks. Three additional slices per group were also made and the adhesive in-situ degree of conversion (DC) was analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). No statistically significant changes in bond strength were found over time for any of the groups, except with cardol, which increased bond strength (8.4 ± 3.9 MPa at 24 h to 15.0 ± 2.9 MPa after 6 months, p < 0.001) after aging. The formation of peaks at 1117 cm-1 and 1235 cm-1 showed the presence of collagen crosslinks for all three biomodification agents. The DC outcomes showed no statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.514). Biomodification agents did not impair adhesive polymerization. Cardol demonstrated a positive influence on intraradicular dentin bonding for glass-fiber post luting.

Salivary Pellicle Modification with Grape-seed Extract: In Vitro Study on the Effect on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation.

Grape-seed extract (GSE) contains polyphenols that readily adhere to proteins and modify the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP). The first step in biofilm formation is bacterial adhesion to the AEP-covered enamel. The aim of this in vitro study was to test whether AEP modification with GSE, fluoride (F-), or their combination (GSE+F-) modulates bacterial adhesion, biofilm metabolism and composition, or cariogenic demineralisation of the enamel. The study comprised 3 parts: 1) single-strain Streptococcus gordonii species, 2) a five-species biofilm model, or 3) biofilm (re-)formation using the five-species biofilm model after removal of initial biofilm with toothbrushing. Human whole-mouth stimulated saliva was used to form an AEP on human enamel specimens. The AEP was incubated in water (control), or modified with GSE, F-, or GSE+F-. Bacterial adhesion, biofilm diversity, metabolic activity, biofilm mass, and cariogenic demineralisation (surface hardness) of enamel were assessed after incubation in bacterial broths after 4 h or 22 h. Differences between groups were analysed with one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni tests. GSE and GSE+F- statistically significantly decreased single-strain S. gordonii adhesion, but had no relevant influence when the five-species biofilm model was used. In the biofilm (re-)formation model, GSE reduced bacterial adhesion compared to GSE+F-, while F- caused less cariogenic demineralisation than was found in the control group. AEP modified with GSE retards S. gordonii adhesion, but it does not influence the formation, metabolism and composition of a cariogenic multi-species biofilm.

English

BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans is the primary pathogen responsible for initiating dental caries and decay. Lactobacilli present in caries lesions is a major contributor to caries progression. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been found to have a large spectrum of activity against microorganisms. The grape seed extract has been shown to have inhibitory effects against several clinically important microbes. This study was conducted to assess the enhanced antibacterial effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles mediated grape seed extract against oral pathogens, S. mutans and lactobacillus. METHODS This experimental study was done by preparing the grape seed extract, synthesising titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, preparing the nanoparticles powder, and then evaluating the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against lactobacillus species and Streptococcus mutans. RESULTS The peak found in the spectroscopy indicates the formation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The zone of inhibition for antibiotics enhanced with 50 μl, 100 μl, 150 μl of grape seed mediated TiO2 nanoparticles were 16 mm, 18 mm and 19 mm in Streptococcus mutans. In lactobacillus species the zone of inhibition for standard antibiotics enhanced with 50 μl, 100 μl, 150 μl of grape seed mediated TiO2 nanoparticles remained constant at 35 mm. CONCLUSIONS The titanium dioxide nanoparticle mediated grape-seed extract showed excellent antimicrobial activity against lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans. This proves that in future it can be used for treating these bacterial infections in the oral cavity after further in vivo studies. KEY WORDS Nanotechnology, Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles, Grape Seed Extract, Lactobacillus, Enhanced Antibacterial, S. mutans