Niosomal grape seed extract attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced bladder injury through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation with Nrf2-related antioxidant responses.

Chronic inflammation accelerates the aging process, and targeted clearance of senescent cells shows potential in alleviating age-related decline. PCC1, a potent senescent cell clearance agent in grape seed extract (GSE), has limited applications due to its low oral bioavailability. This study introduced a novel GSE formulation, Natural Senolytics PCC1 (NSPCC1), which significantly enhanced PCC1 absorption and metabolic characteristics. Validation in two mouse aging models demonstrated that oral administration of NSPCC1 markedly extended lifespan and promoted healthy aging. The formulation improved the capacity for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell differentiation and reduced age-related myeloid cell bias. Comprehensive histological analysis revealed attenuated aging phenotypes in bone marrow and skin, improved peripheral blood erythroid parameters, and a partial increase in blood antioxidant capacity, alongside reduced M1 macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in liver, kidney, and lung tissues. These effects were validated through histological assessments, including H&E, Masson, F4/80, and iNOS staining. This study highlighted the pivotal role of hematopoietic stem cells in aging and established NSPCC1 as a promising natural intervention for age-related pathologies. Its enhanced efficacy lays the groundwork for deeper exploration of natural products in aging biology and provides crucial support for the development of safe and effective anti-aging therapies.

Grape Seed Extract and Sodium Chloride as Interventions to Limit Clostridium perfringens Growth during Cooling.

Riboflavin/UVA photo crosslinking versus conventional dentin biomodifiers: Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength and resin tag formation in artificially demineralized dentin.

Formulation, characterization, and application of grape seed extract and chitosan nanoemulsion for coating of beef preservation

This in vitro study evaluated the effect of collagen crosslinking agents (grape seed extract, riboflavin, and chitosan nanoparticles with UVA light) on hybrid layer thickness, resin tag length, and shear bond strength (SBS) of a fifth-generation adhesive resin to caries-affected dentin of primary molars. Seventy-five carious human primary molars were selected, exhibiting lesions that reached the middle third of the dentin, according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria 5. Infected dentin was removed. The crowns were shortened in height up to CAD, and etching was performed, followed by division of the samples into five groups (n = 15 each). Group 1: No collagen crosslinking (CCL) agent; Group 2:6.5% Grape Seed Extract (GSE); Group 3:0.1% riboflavin (RF)-UVA; Group 4:0.2% chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs)-UVA; and Group 5: chlorhexidine (CHX). Composite restorations were built using a fifth-generation etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesive, followed by artificial aging. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the resin tag length (RTL) and hybrid layer (HL) thickness. The SBS and failure modes were assessed using a universal testing machine and a stereomicroscope. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used to evaluate the means across all tested groups (p < 0.05). Group 4-CHNPs-UVA demonstrated the highest RTL (20.03 ± 3.54μm) and thickest HL (5.65 ± 0.42μm). Group 1 (No CCL agent) displayed the shortest RTL (7.11 ± 1.05μm) and thinnest HL (1.23 ± 0.11μm). The CHNPs-UVA pretreated samples showed maximum bond strength (10.31 ± 0.23MPa). Group 1 (No CCL agent) tested samples presented minimum bond integrity (6.18 ± 0.33MPa). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, CHNPs-UVA appears promising as a biomodification strategy for CAD in primary molars and warrants further long-term in vivo investigations before clinical recommendations can be made.

ABSTRACT Grape seed can serve as a food preservative due to its phenolic compounds’ antimicrobial effects. This study investigated the impact of grape seed oil (0.1 mL and 0.5 mL) and grape seed extract (0.5 mL and 1 mL) on set yogurt stored at 7°C over 28 days. The primary spoilage issue – yeast and mold growth – was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.01) with grape seed treatments, improving microbiological quality and extending shelf life by 2 weeks compared to the control. No significant changes were noted in pH and total dry matter. While both grape seed oil and extract exhibited similar antimicrobial activity, 0.5 mL of grape seed oil more effectively suppressed yeast growth. These treatments enhanced sensory properties and prolonged yogurt shelf life, highlighting grape seed’s potential as a natural preservative.

Grape seeds are recognized for their potential health benefits, particularly their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This systematic review evaluates the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of grape seed varieties in Iran, highlighting the unique contributions of specific varieties. This study followed the 2020 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses' (PRISMA) standards. Two writers separately searched the databases Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Embase. The publication searches were carried out using various combinations of the phrases listed below: 'Antibacterial activity' OR 'Antimicrobial Activity' OR 'Antibiofilm Activity' OR 'In vitro Antimicrobial Activity' OR 'Antifungal Activity' AND 'Grape Seed,' and/or 'Grape Seed Extract' AND 'Iran'. The keywords such as 'Antioxidant activity' OR 'Antiradical Activity' OR 'DPPH, FRAP' AND 'Grape Seed,' and/or 'Grape Seed Extract' AND 'Iran' were also used. The reference lists of chosen articles were also manually reviewed and relevant articles were included. Following PRISMA guidelines, multiple databases were searched, yielding 16 eligible studies. Based on the literature data on the antibacterial activity of grape seed extracts in Iran, it is evident that ethanol and methanol extracts have been the most extensively tested. These different extracts have demonstrated good inhibitory activity against the growth of the tested bacterial strains, with varying inhibition diameters depending on the strains and extracts used. Seed extract antioxidant activity ranged from 34.03% (Green) to 53.63% (Black). Specifically, the Black grape seed extract demonstrated the highest total antioxidant capacity with DPPH (53.63%-0.34%), IC50 and AEAC (7.41 and 16.92mg/mL) and a total phenolic content of 3 0.01mg tannic acid/g DM. Iranian grape seeds show promising potential as a source of antioxidants and natural antimicrobial agents. This review identifies the need for targeted research on the distinct characteristics of grape seed varieties and their implications for health and agriculture in Iran.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained relevance in restorative dentistry due to their antimicrobial and remineralizing properties. However, the role of AgNPs functionalized with different polyphenols in dentin remineralization remains insufficiently understood.Objectives This study aimed to synthesize and characterize AgNPs functionalized with crosslinking polyphenols extracted from grape seed extract (GSE) and green tea leaves (GT), and to evaluate their biocompatibility and their effects on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of demineralized dentin.Methodology AgNPs were characterized by TEM, XRD, TGA, and zeta potential analysis to determine particle morphology, crystalline structure, chemical composition, and surface charge. Biocompatibility was assessed using fibroblast cytotoxicity assays. In total, 40 human mid-coronal dentin specimens were randomly assigned to four groups (n=10): Control- (sound dentin), Control+ (pH-cycled dentin without treatment), AgGSE (pH-cycled + AgGSE, 1 min), and AgGT (pH-cycled + AgGT, 1 min). Treated dentin was analyzed by ATR-FTIR, XRD, TGA, and three-point bending tests.Results Both AgNPs were successfully synthesized and exhibited high biocompatibility. AgGSE demonstrated greater dentin matrix interaction, resulting in significantly higher flexural strength (p≤0.001). In contrast, AgGT induced pronounced remineralization with increased PO4/Amide I ratio (p=0.003) and CO3/PO4 ratios (p=0.007 by TGA; p=0.03 by ATR-FTIR), consistent with carbonated apatite deposition.Conclusions Green-synthesized AgNPs functionalized with GT or GSE promoted reinforcement and remineralization of demineralized dentin through distinct mechanisms of action. These findings highlight their potential as biocompatible agents for dental therapies.

Aim:A comparative analysis was undertaken to determine the impact of grape seed extract (GSE), glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine digluconate, and diode laser irradiation on the immediate bonding performance of composite resin after bleaching.Materials and Methods:A bleaching protocol using 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Pola Office Bleach, SDI, Australia) was applied to 60 extracted human maxillary central incisors. Following bleaching, the samples were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 15) based on the pretreatment protocol employed. Group 1 received 5% GSE; Group 2 received 5% GSE followed by 5% glutaraldehyde; Group 3 received 5% GSE followed by 2% chlorhexidine digluconate; and Group 4 was treated with diode laser irradiation. Pretreatment was carried out before etching in Groups 1 and 4 and after etching in Groups 2 and 3. All samples were bonded using a universal adhesive system and restored with standardized cylindrical composite resin build-ups. Shear bond strength testing was carried out using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data analysis involved one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test, with the significance level set at P < 0.05.Results:Groups 2 and 4 demonstrated the highest and statistically comparable bond strength values, followed by Group 3. Group 1 exhibited the lowest values.Conclusion:Pretreatment protocols significantly influenced bonding to bleached enamel. The use of GSE combined with glutaraldehyde and diode laser irradiation enhanced immediate bond strength, whereas GSE alone was least effective.

The increasing awareness of health among consumers has made the development of functional cereal products a major trend in the food industry. This study investigated the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the quality parameters of medium-gluten wheat flour and fresh wet noodles, with the aim of developing functional noodle products. GSE was incorporated at concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 1% (w/w). Its influence on dough properties-including farinographic characteristics, extensibility, and pasting behavior-as well as on noodle quality attributes (antioxidant activity, tensile strength, color, microstructure, total phenolic content, and sensory profile) was evaluated. The results indicated that at 1% GSE addition, the farinographic properties, extensibility, and pasting characteristics of the dough were consistently enhanced. Correspondingly, the noodle microstructure exhibited a more compact and ordered arrangement. Furthermore, increasing the level of GSE fortification led to a significant rise in the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the noodles (p < 0.05). This study can provide key technical support for developing novel fresh wet noodle products that possess both excellent quality and antioxidant functionality, thereby contributing to the functional enhancement of staple food products and meeting consumer demand for healthier dietary options.

Transportation is a major stressor in livestock production, adversely affecting animal welfare, physiological status, and meat quality. Oxidative stress and metabolic imbalances induced by transport conditions can lead to significant economic losses. The use of natural antioxidants has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate these negative effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects associated with intramuscularly administered quercetin (QUE) and grape seed extract (GSE) prior to transport during the winter season on body weight, serum biochemical responses, oxidative stress markers, and meat quality parameters, including carcass pH and fatty acid profile in sheep subjected to road transport. Twenty-four 12-month-old Akkaraman sheep were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 6): control, GSE50 (50 mg kg-1 grape seed extract), GSE100 (100 mg kg-1 grape seed extract), and QUE100 (100 mg kg-1 quercetin). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels differed among groups, with lower values observed in antioxidant-treated animals; however, baseline variability may have contributed to post-transport differences. Transport led to significant body weight loss in all groups (P < 0.001), with the least reduction observed in the QUE100 group (P = 0.105 among groups). In contrast, carcass pH values showed minimal variation among groups, with differences not exceeding 0.22 units (P = 0.155), and fatty acid composition of longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle (P > 0.05 for all fatty acids) did not differ significantly among groups. These findings suggest that natural bioactive compounds may be associated with improved physiological responses under transport-related stress conditions. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Advancements in Prolonging Meat Product Shelf Life with Grape Seed Extract

In this study, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with grape seed extract (GSE) were evaluated. AgNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM, and dynamic light scattering, it was determined that the particles were in spherical form and 67 ± 5 nm in size. FTIR spectra showed the existence of bioactive compounds involved synthesis process of AgNPs. Using XRD, the crystal structure of the nanoparticles were determined. AgNPs have been found effective against bacterial and yeast strains. Antioxidant activities of AgNP and GSE at high concentrations were determined as 83.19 ± 0.85% and 95.29 ± 0.87%, respectively. It has been determined that AgNP and GSE reduce inflammation and apoptosis in liver damage caused by lipopolysaccharide and provide equal protection on the liver. The use of biosynthetic AgNPs in bactericidal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and other medical fields may be an alternative to minimize the toxic effects of existing drugs.

Dental caries can often advance unnoticed, leading to pulpal involvement. Endodontic treatment eradicates pulpal infections, with the effectiveness of treatment heavily dependent on microbial reduction. Sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine are commonly used irrigants, but both have limitations. Moringa oleifera and grape seed (GS) extracts are known for their antimicrobial properties, and these natural remedies offer potential solutions to combat persistent microbial challenges like Enterococcus faecalis during root canal disinfection. This study aimed to evaluate antibacterial efficacy and the sustained antimicrobial substantivity of M. oleifera Lam. leaf extract, GS extract (GSE), and 2% chlorhexidine against E. faecalis . Forty anonymized extracted permanent single-rooted mandibular human teeth samples were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for 3 weeks. Samples were allocated into four experimental groups, each comprising ten samples: Group 1 - M. oleifera Lam. leaf extract, Group 2 - GSE, Group 3 - 2% chlorhexidine (positive control), and Group 4 - saline (negative control). Root canals were prepared up to size #40 K-file and rinsed with 3 mL of the respective irrigating solution between every file change. Microbiological assessment involved four collections using H-file: immediately postinstrumentation, 24 h postinstrumentation, 7 days postinstrumentation, and 14 days postinstrumentation. CFU/ml was determined. Antibacterial efficacy of Moringa leaf extract was significantly higher ( P < 0.001*) when compared to GSE. All groups showed antibacterial efficacy significantly different from each other with the greatest being 2% chlorhexidine > Moringa leaf extract > GSE. M. oleifera Lam. leaf extract and GSE both showed antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis and can be potential irrigants in the future. However, its antibacterial efficacy is significantly less when compared to that of 2% chlorhexidine.

Grape seed extract incorporated into konjac glucomannan-based batter inhibits acrylamide and advanced glycation end products in fried fish nuggets.

The aim of this study was to obtain and characterize grape seed extract and to demonstrate its potential immunomodulatory properties in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A Syrah grape seed extract was obtained using 70% aqueous ethanol, magnetic stirrer, 3 h. The obtained extracts were concentrated by vacuum evaporation and dryer at 40 °C. The total phenolic content (TPC), the total amount of flavonoids (TF) and procyanidins (PC), and the antioxidant (AO) capacity of the extract were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The individual composition of the extract was demonstrated by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors and patients with SLE was studied to compare Th1 and Th2 subsets and their expression of key activation markers-CD25 and HLA-DR. PBMC were cultured in the presence or absence of GSE, and the effects on Th1 and Th2 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. GSE treatment increased the proportion of Th1 cells in both healthy individuals and SLE patients. In addition, a significant upregulation of the late activation marker HLA-DR was observed on Th1 cells obtained from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). No significant effects were found on Th2 cell populations. These findings indicate that GSE can stimulate Th1-mediated immune responses in SLE, proving its potential immunomodulatory properties beyond its known antioxidant effects.

To evaluate the laboratory effects on human dentin tubules of the single or combined use of grape seed extract (GSE), Er,Cr:YSGG laser and fluoride. Dentin discs were separated into six groups: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (Er,Cr:YSGG laser), Group 3 (fluoride), Group 4 (fluoride+Er,Cr:YSGG laser), Group 5 (GSE), and Group 6 (GSE+Er,Cr:YSGG laser). The number of closed and semi-closed tubules and the tubule diameters in all the samples were evaluated using SEM analysis. In the comparisons of the number of closed dentin tubules, the combined applications (fluoride+Er,Cr:YSGG laser and GSE+Er,Cr:YSGG laser) were seen to be significantly better than the other groups. The most number of closed dentin tubules were observed in Group 4 (fluoride+Er,Cr:YSGG laser). The results of this study demonstrated that the incorporation of grape seed extract into dental treatment may offer clinicians an additional option to traditional desensitizing agents, particularly for patients seeking plant-based or minimally processed therapeutic approaches.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of grape seed extract (GSE) and its combination with low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) in alleviating pain from dentin hypersensitivity (DH) compared to LLLT alone.MethodsPatients aged 20–50 years with at least three sensitive teeth in different quadrants and baseline pain scores ≥ 2 on the visual analog scale (VAS) were recruited. Each tooth was randomly allocated to one of three groups: LLLT + placebo, GSE + placebo, or GSE + LLLT. Pain scores were recorded on Days 1, 3, and 7 using cold and air spray tests.ResultsThe GSE + LLLT group demonstrated the greatest reduction in pain sensitivity, showing a 72.8% decrease for air spray and 59.51% for the cold test at Day 3, compared to the LLLT or GSE groups alone. However, there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in pain score reduction among the groups at any time point.DiscussionThe combination of GSE and LLLT may enhance early pain reduction in DH compared to individual treatments, but the improvement was not statistically significant. GSE presents a potentially feasible and patient‐friendly alternative for DH management, warranting further clinical validation.Statistical Analysis UsedData were collected and analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, Version 20.0 (IBM, Chicago, Illinois). General linear model‐repeated measure ANOVA was carried out to assess the reduction in DH pain score among individual interventions and the comparison between the three interventions. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.ConclusionWhile GSE combined with LLLT showed the greatest numerical reduction in DH pain scores, the difference was not statistically significant. Further large‐scale studies are recommended to confirm the clinical benefits of this combination.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05927831

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the mechanical properties of dentin under the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) as intracanal medication (ICM). Material and Methods: Ninety-six single-rooted bovine teeth were divided into groups, as follows: control group (Ctrl), without any dentin treatment; groups treated with Ca(OH)2 (Ca7, Ca15 and Ca30); and GSE (GSE7, GSE15 and GSE30), with direct contact between dentin and ICM for different durations of 7, 15 and 30 days. The samples underwent tests of maximum fracture load (FL), flexural strength (σf), cohesive strength (σc), and elastic modulus (E) of the remaining root. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was used, followed by Dunnett's test to verify whether ICMs interfere with dentin properties. Two-way ANOVA (ICM and application time) and Tukey's test were also used, considering the groups treated with different ICM at different intervals. All analyses were performed at p ≤ 0.050. Results: GSE had a less pronounced effect on dentin's mechanical properties compared to Ca(OH)2. GSE showed less interference with FL (p=0.000), σf (p=0.002), and σc (p=0.000). It was observed that the duration of exposure to ICM had a negative impact on FL (p=0.002) and σc (p=0.031). ICM (p=0.080) and the application time (p=0.985) did not significantly affect E. Moreover, the application time of ICM did not have a significant impact on σf (p=0.169). Conclusion: Grape seed extract did not affect the mechanical properties of bovine dentin when used as intracanal medication.