Gram Of Weight Research Articles

Aircraft Wing Morphing Using Auxetic Structures

Cellular materials exhibit two key properties: structures and mechanisms. This allows for the design of structures using cellular materials while effectively controlling both stiffness and flexibility, based on the connectivity of the struts. This study aims to explore the in-plane flexible properties of cellular materials dominated by bending under macroscopic deformation. Additionally, it seeks to establish a method for designing a passive morphing airfoil with flexible cellular cores. The investigation focuses on airfoils featuring re-entrant and S-shaped cellular cores, analyzing their behavior under static loads by examining the deformation of the cellular cores subjected to aerostatic loads. In the context of the airfoil's deformation with flexible cellular cores under aerostatic loading, shear emerges as the predominant deformation mode for the cores of the airfoil. Wings of conventional aircraft are optimized for only a few conditions, not for the entire flight envelope. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the morphing airfoil with smart structures for the next generation of excellent aircraft. In this project, this was made possible using, re-entrant and S-shaped auxetic structures as a member of the meta- material family, with negative Poisson's ratio to enable an effortless passive morphing mechanism as it has high flexibility along in-plane direction (chord-wise). The 3D CAD Models of Re-entrant and S-shaped auxetic airframes were designed and analyzed. Initially, Static Structural analysis is performed on both airframes to observe the structure’s behavior, and design modification and optimization are performed in different iterations. With a reduction in maximum equivalent stress by 20%, the Re-entrant airframe exhibits lower stress and hence more flexibility. The wings were modeled with a span of 1m using auxetic airframes, air pressure was generated using CFD analysis with MACH 0.45. Finally, the fluid-structure interaction was done by importing the air pressure and performing static structural analysis for the structural performance of wings using auxetic airframes. It was found that Re-entrant auxetic wing showed an increase of 9.99% in load carrying capacity, accompanied by a decrease of 389 grams of weight when compared to S-shaped auxetic wing. Considering the deformation of the airframe with flexible cellular cores under a load, the re-entrant honeycomb core shows the highest flexibility in shear and causes lower stress than the S-auxetic cores. This implies that the re-entrant honeycomb core has the potential for passive morphing.

Moringa oleifera extract affects the diameter of the Graafian follicles in female Mus musculus

HIGHLIGHTS This study unveils a dose-dependent relationship between Moringa leaf extract and increased Graafian follicle size in female mice. The significant positive effect of Moringa leaf extract on Graafian follicles suggests promising implications for fertility interventions, offering hope for individuals seeking natural treatment to address infertility challenges. ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera Lam.) on the diameter of Graafian follicles in female mice (Mus musculus). Materials and Methods: This study used experimental design, employing a cohort of 24 female mice of 20-25 grams in weight, aged between 2-3 months, and in good health. These subjects were divided into three treatment groups and subjected to oral doses of Moringa leaf extract at 300 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW over a 14-day period. The study procedures involved the preparation of the experimental animals, preparation of Moringa leaf extract, treatments administration, and the preparation of histological specimens. Subsequently, the diameters of Graafian follicles within each treatment group were measured. Data analysis were performed using the ANOVA test (p <0.05) followed with the Least Significance Difference (LSD) test utilizing the IBM SPSS software. Results: There were variations in Graafian follicle diameters across the experimental groups. The average diameters were 180.944 µm in the control group, 239.942 µm in treatment group 1, 315.006 µm in treatment group 2, and 396.650 µm in treatment group 3. This indicated that dose administration starting from 300 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg had an effect on the size of the follicle and antrum diameter. The number of granulosa cells was found to increase, as well as the size of the ovum. Conclusion: Moringa leaf extract in different doses has a significant positive effect on increasing the diameter of the Graafian follicles in female mice.

Pengaruh Tingkat Pemberian Pakan Ikan Dengan Menggunakan Tepung Maggot Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Gurame (Oshpronemus Gouramy)

This study aims to determine the effect of the proper fish feeding rate and dose by using maggot flour on the growth and survival of giant gurami (Oshpronemus Gouramy).this study was carried out within 30 days (june to july 2022) in Tatelu center for freshwater aquaculture fisheries (BPBAT),TATELU village,dimembe subdistrict,minahasa utara gerency,sulawesi utara province.the research implemented an experimental method using a complete randomizet design (RAL) consisting of four treatments and three test : treatmean A (dose 10% ), B (dose 15%),C (dose 20 %), and D (dose 25 %).the analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the length growth of giant gurami shows an insignificant effect (Sig > 0,05) that makes H0 confirmend and H1 rejected.concurrently,the analisis of varience (ANOVA) on the weight growth of giant gurame shows a significant result (Sig < 0,05) that makes H0 rejekted and H1 confirmed.the result also discloses that the proper dose is in treatment A (dose 10 %), obtained from 3,88 cm in length and 2,03 grams in weight of giant gurami.

Sintesis Komposit Titatnia-Silika dengan Proses Sol Gel

Sintesis komposit titania silika telah berhasil dibuat dari geothermal sludge dengan menggunakan metode sol gel dan sonikasi. Sonikasi digunakan untuk mengecilkan partikel TiO2 dengan bantuan alat sonikator dengan larutan asam sulfat sebagai pelarut TiO2. Sedangkan metode sol gel digunakan untuk mengkompositkan antara silika dari geothermal sludge yang diektraksi menggunakan NaOH menjadi larutan natrium silika dengan larutan TiO­2 yang sudah disonikasi sehingga tebentuk komposit titania silika. Untuk mempelajari pengaruh komposisi dari komposit digunakan TiO2 dengam berat 4-8 gram dan pH gelling dari proses sol gel dengan pH 4-8. Komposit titania silika yang tebentuk akan dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Dari analisa yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa, dengan penambahan berat TiO2 yang berbeda dan pH gelling yang berbeda didaptkan rasio silika/titania dengan rentang 0,3113-1,5268.Gugus yang menunjukkan adanya ikatan titania silika dapat dilihat pada bilangan gelombang 965,1 dan 967,03 cm-1. Pola XRD dari komposit menunjukkan adanya silika amorf dan kristal titania sehingga terdapat titania dan silika dalam produk. Komposit titania silika dapat digunakan pada proses adsorpsi jika komposisi silika lebih banyak dibanding titania, sedangkan jika komposisi titania lebih banyak digunakan pada proses oksidasi.

Assessing the Efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicine Gibberellic Acid 3X in Enhancing Yield Production in Neelam Mango Trees: A Comparative Pilot Study

Aims: Assess the influence of Gibberellic Acid 3X on yield production: Measure the effect of Gibberellic Acid 3X treatment on increasing the overall yield of Neelam mangoes, including the number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit size, compared to the control group.
 Study Design: A Comparative Pilot Study.
 Place and Duration of Study: MNR Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital premises with good sunlight and ventilation, Sangareddy, between February 2023 to August 2023.
 Methodology: The total sample size was taken as 6 Branches of 2 Trees. Three branches of a tree were divided into 3 groups. This is to ensure that the flowers of the mango tree will be receiving the same amount of water, nutrients, and sunlight. Gibberellic acid 3x was prepared according to rules and regulations of Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India (HPI). Foliar application of medicine was done after the flowering of plant. The fruits are taken for analysis once they have matured.
 Results: The "Gibberellic Acid 3X - Alcoholic potency" group had the highest mean weight (563.94 grams) and circumference (18.106 cm), followed by the "Gibberellic Acid 3X - Water potency" group with slightly lower values (556.67 grams for weight and 17.771 cm for circumference). Additionally, the "Gibberellic Acid 3X - Alcoholic potency" group had the longest mean length (18.833 cm), followed by the "Gibberellic Acid 3X - Water potency" group (17.646 cm). Overall, the "Gibberellic Acid 3X - Alcoholic potency" group displayed the highest measurements in weight, circumference, and length among the three groups.
 Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the potential of homoeopathic medicine, specifically Gibberellic Acid 3X, as an effective alternative for addressing enhancing yield production in Neelam mango trees when applied via foliar spray method on flowers. It opens doors to exploring more sustainable and eco-friendly approaches to mango cultivation and warrants further investigation and application in agricultural practices.

SAT185 Parathyroid Adenoma Localized By Cytogenetic Testing

Abstract Disclosure: S. Khadija: None. A. Rao: None. Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism can be caused by a parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia or rarely by parathyroid carcinoma. Most patients have few or no symptoms. Diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism can be challenging in the setting of secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Correct diagnosis can be reached by clinical evaluation, biochemical and radiological tests. We describe a case that was diagnosed by cytogenetic testing of the biopsy specimen. Case Report: We report a case of a 64-year-old man. He was referred to the endocrine clinic for an incidental thyroid nodule on CT scan. He had hypothyroidism after I-131 treatment for Graves’ disease 15 years back. He had a long history of hypertension with renal failure. He had a renal transplant in 2017 and had hypercalcemia intermittently with elevated PTH since 2012. Ultrasound of thyroid reported a 1.6 x 1.7 x 2.0 cm nodule in the left thyroid lobe. He denied any compressive symptoms and was euthyroid on levothyroxine. An ultrasound guided FNA of the left thyroid nodule was reported as Bethesda III FLUS and sent to Veracyte for Affirma, which indicated a parathyroid adenoma. A sestamibi scan indicated a left lower parathyroid adenoma. He had surgery and intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) dropped from 122pg/ml to 35.8pg/ml(29.1-79.7 pg/ml). Pathology confirmed parathyroid adenoma 3.8 grams in weight. Postoperatively calcium normalized with drop in PTH to 36.1pg/ml. After 2 weeks his calcium remained normal. Discussion: Parathyroid adenoma is a relatively rare condition and causes a majority of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. A few cases are due to hyperplasia, more common in secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal disease. Parathyroid adenoma is difficult to diagnose in patients with underlying hyperplasia due to chronic renal disease. Sonography and 99mTc preoperative sestamibi (MIBI) scan are the primary imaging modalities utilized for the visualization of diseased glands. MIBI scan is approximately 90% sensitive for localizing a parathyroid adenoma. Ultrasonography is the first-line imaging modality and parathyroid adenomas are nearly always homogeneously hypoechoic to the overlying thyroid gland and are commonly detected using gray-scale imaging alone when they are larger than 1 cm in diameter. Nodular goiter or enlarged lymph nodes are causes of false-positive results. Biopsy is very rarely used to diagnose a parathyroid adenoma with cytogenetic testing. Conclusion: Parathyroidectomy is the main stay in management of primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma. Cervical sonography and sestamibi imaging are used for prediction of adenoma location. Both are limited by increased thyroid volume. Biopsy with cytogenetic testing can help in diagnosis in difficult patients. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

The Effect of Lavandula stoechas on Wound Healing in an Experimental Diabetes Model.

Diabetic foot is a consequential and dangerous complication of diabetes, contributing to decreased quality of life, escalated hospitalizations, and increased mortality rates. Using an experimental model of diabetes, this study aims to investigate the effect of Lavandula stoechas on wound healing. A total of 35 albino Wistar rats, 250-350 grams in weight, were used. The rats were divided into five groups, seven rats in each group. Of these, 21 rats were induced with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to mimic the diabetic condition. Additionally, 14 rats remained non-diabetic and served as the control group. The diabetic rats were further divided into three subgroups. The non-diabetic group was split into two subgroups based on the dressing materials used (allicin, physiological serum, and control). Wound dimensions were assessed on Days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Biopsies were taken from the wound sites at the same time. There were significant differences between groups on Days 7, 14, and 21. The percentage of healing was highest in the Lavandula Stoechas group on Days 7, 14, and 21. Microscopic examination of the biopsies supported accelerated wound healing on Days 7 and 14. Reduced mononuclear cell density and increased hair follicle and adipose tissue development were observed in the DM (diabetes mellitus)-Lavandula Stoechas group on Day 7. On Day 14, the DM-Lavandula Stoechas group increased collagen levels and hair follicles. Similarly, the non-DM-Lavandula Stoechas group showed reduced bullae, dermal edema, and intraepithelial edema on Day 7. This was followed by increased fibroblast levels on Day 14. In conclusion, this study provides compelling evidence for the potential of Lavandula stoechas extract in the enhancement of diabetic wound healing. The multiple interactions revealed here highlight the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. A cost-effective use of Lavandula stoechas opens up promising prospects in managing diabetic foot healing. This warrants additional research and clinical translation.

Liquid Metal-Promoted Graphene Oxide Supramolecular Film for Self-Healing Actuator with Multiple-Stimuli Responses.

The structural vulnerability and immobility of the multi-responsive actuators restrict its application in soft robots. Hence, self-healing film actuators based on interfacial supramolecular crosslinking and hierarchical structural design have been developed. The graphene oxide supramolecular film with asymmetric structure reveals excellent reversible deformation under different trigger signals like moisture, thermal, and infrared light. Meanwhile, it shows a good healing property based on supramolecular interaction, achieving the structure restoration and reconstitution of stimuli-responsive actuators (SRA). The re-edited SRA realizes reverse reversible deformation under the same external stimuli. To enhance the functionality of graphene oxide-based SRA, the reconfigurable liquid metal could be modified on the surface of the graphene oxide supramolecular film at low temperature (defined as LM-GO) due to its compatibility for hydroxyl. The fabricated LM-GO film displays satisfactory healing property and good conductivity. Besides, the self-healing film maintains strong mechanical strength, which can bear more than 20 grams of weight. This study provides a novel strategy to fabricate self-healing actuator with multiple responses, accomplishing the functional integration of the SRAs.

The Effect of Bamboo Tali Leaf Tea on Leptin Levels in Rats Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a threat to health problems in the world, namely a group of metabolic disorders that occur simultaneously. Obesity is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Fat accumulation causes insulin resistance and leptin resistance resulting in weight gain. Tali bamboo leaf tea contains a natural source of antioxidants that can increase insulin sensitivity so that it can reduce leptin levels. This study aims to determine the effect of bamboo1tali leaf tea on leptin levels in rats with metabolic syndrome. This type of research is experimental laboratoric with a Pre-Post Test with a Control Group design. Wistar male white rats, 8 weeks old, and 150 – 250 grams in weight, were fed HFHF (High Fat High Fructose) for 14 days, induced by Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin. Then, the rats were divided into 5 groups, namely negative control, positive control, and 3 treatments of tali bamboo leaf tea (300, 600, and 900 mg/200 g BW) for 28 days. Measurement of leptin levels using the ELISA method.Bamboo leaf tea had a significant effect (p <0.005) on leptin levels in rats with metabolic syndrome. The largest decrease in leptin levels occurred in the TDB3 group which was 82.8% and the lowest decrease in leptin levels occurred in the TDB1 group which was 34.8%. Bamboo leaf tea doses of 300, 600, and 900 mg/200 g BW reduced leptin levels in rats with metabolic syndrome for 28 days.

Mango Seeds as Raw Materials for Dextrin

Wasted seeds are sometimes scattered all over the place during the mango season to spoil the beauty and pollute the environment. Mango seeds can be processed into dextrin, so efforts must be made to process them in order for them to be useful. Specifically, by hydrolyzing mango seed flour with an HCl catalyst. The mango seed flour is 20 grams in weight; 10 milliliters of HCl are added, and water is added until the volume reaches 200 milliliters. Additionally, heat at the temperature of heating: 70 o C; 80oC; _90°C; 100°C; 110°C, and the concentration of HCl: 0.1N; 0.15N; 0.20N; 0.25N; Hydrolysis time was used to produce 0.3N: 15 seconds; 20 seconds; 25, 30, and 35 minutes, respectively. As a result, it is anticipated that a lot of dextrin yields will be obtained. The treatment that was used in the previous study yielded the best results, with a dextrin yield of 8.16 percent at a hydrolysis temperature of 100 degrees Celsius, a concentration of 0.25 N HCl, and a hydrolysis time of 35 minutes.

Effect of HUFA in Enriched Artemia on Growth Performance, Biochemical and Fatty Acid Content, and Hepatopancreatic Features of Penaeus vannamei Postlarvae from a Commercial Shrimp Hatchery in Santa Elena, Ecuador.

A 12-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Artemia enrichment with two experimental microalgal emulsions (formulated with selected fatty acid contents) on Penaeus vannamei postlarvae. For this purpose, 405,000 postlarvae (stage 1) were obtained from a commercial hatchery in Santa Elena, Ecuador, and distributed into nine fiberglass tanks. Postlarvae were fed for 12 days with three experimental diets (three tanks per treatment): treatment A (Artemia enriched with experimental microalgal emulsion A and dry diet), treatment B (Artemia enriched with experimental microalgal emulsion B and dry diet) and nonenriched Artemia (Artemia without enrichment and dry diet). At the end of the experiment, length (mm), coefficient of variation of population sizes, number of postlarvae in a gram of weight (PL-gram), biochemical composition, fatty acid profile, hepatopancreas perimeter, and histopathological hepatopancreas status of P. vannamei postlarvae (stage 12) were analyzed. To evaluate the status of the hepatopancreas, a categorization range (1-5) was created with different histological parameters such as number of B cells, vesicles around them, healthy tubules, and degradation tissues. Growth traits did not present differences between treatments; total length was 10.17 mm, 10.83 mm, and 10.27 mm for treatment A, treatment B, and nonenriched treatment, respectively, and PL-gram was 141.00, 162.00, and 142.33 for treatment A, treatment B, and nonenriched treatment, respectively. Biochemical composition of postlarvae (lipids, ash, and protein content) did not present differences between the three treatments. Significant differences were observed in the content of three essential fatty acids (DHA, DPA, and ARA) in Penaeus vannamei postlarvae fed with Artemia enriched with experimental emulsions. Thus, DHA content was significantly superior in animals fed with Artemia enriched with treatments A and B (9.80 ± 0.71% and 9.75 ± 0.44%, respectively) than in animals fed with unenriched Artemia (5.78 ± 0.68) (P < 0.05). Concerning arachidonic acid (ARA), treatments A and B showed 3.31 ± 0.20% and 3.19 ± 0.09%, respectively, higher than postlarvae fed with unenriched Artemia, 2.73 ± 0.04% (P < 0.05). Regarding DPA content, treatments A and B reported higher values of MA and MB (0.81 ± 0.06% and 0.86 ± 0.08%, respectively), than unenriched Artemia (0.43 ± 0.02%) (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the increase in DHA, DPA, and ARA contents in postlarvae coincided with the increase in hepatopancreas perimeter. In addition, a large number of B cells, a large number of healthy tubules, increased dilatation of the central tube, and a lower percentage of deteriorated tissue were observed in the hepatopancreas when postlarvae were fed with enriched Artemia.

Restoring arm function with a soft robotic wearable for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Despite promising results in the rehabilitation field, it remains unclear whether upper limb robotic wearables, e.g., for people with physical impairments resulting from neurodegenerative disease, can be made portable and suitable for everyday use. We present a lightweight, fully portable, textile-based, soft inflatable wearable robot for shoulder elevation assistance that provides dynamic active support to the upper limbs. The technology is mechanically transparent when unpowered, can quantitatively assess free movement of the user, and adds only 150grams of weight to each upper limb. In 10 individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with different degrees of neuromuscular impairment, we demonstrated immediate improvement in the active range of motion and compensation for continuing physical deterioration in two individuals with ALS over 6 months. Along with improvements in movement, we show that this robotic wearable can improve functional activity without any training, restoring performance of basic activities of daily living. In addition, a reduction in shoulder muscle activity and perceived muscular exertion, coupled with increased endurance for holding objects, highlight the potential of this device to mitigate the impact of muscular fatigue for patients with ALS. These results represent a further step toward everyday use of assistive, soft, robotic wearables for the upper limbs.

Digestibility of tarum leaf flour (Indigofera zollingeriana) the fermented Aspergillus niger as a diet ingredients jaya sakti carp larvae (Cyprinus carpio, L)

Tarum leaves (Indigofera zollingeriana) is an alternative local raw ingredients that can be used as fish diet ingredients. I. zollingeriana has a fairly good nutritional content, namely 29.06% protein. Utilization of I. zollingeriana is faced with the constraint of a high fiber content of 15.25% which reduces the digestibility of the diet. Efforts to overcome this problem are through a fermentation process, one of which uses Aspergillus niger. This research aims to look at the digestibility of I. zollingeriana leaf flour fermented by A. niger as a diet ingredient for the Jaya Sakti Carp larvae. This study consisted of two treatments and each with four replicates. commercial diet as a reference diet, non-fermented I. zollingeriana leaf flour and fermented I. zollingeriana leaf flour as test diet and added Cr2O3 as an indicator of digestibility. The test fish used were Carp larvae, 7-8 cm long, 8-9 grams in weight, kept in a 60x50x40 cm aquarium. Each aquarium was filled with 90 fish or at a density of 83 fish/cm2 and fed at satiasion 3 times a day. Based on the results of research that has been done, the use of Indigofera zollingeriana leaf flour fermented by Aspergillus niger as a diet ingredient for carp larvae gives a digestibility value of 42.53%, protein digestibility 77.19% and energy digestibility 66.21% the best compared to leaf flour diet. I. zollingeriana is non-fermented so it can be used in fish enlargement diet formulations and is expected to improve fish growth performance.

CASE STUDY IN HIGH RISK PREGNANCY

Background : The period of pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborn is a physiological condition. However, normal conditions can become pathological so that every pregnant woman has a risk of experiencing complications. One condition that can cause complications is a high-risk pregnancy. Some categories of high-risk pregnancies are too young, too old, too close, and too many. With comprehensive midwifery care, midwives can perform early detection of complications that occur both during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborns.&#x0D; Methods : The aim of this case report is to provide comprehensive midwifery care for high risk pregnancies. The process of childbirth and the puerperium went normally without complications.&#x0D; Results :The client uses a depo progestin injection contraception device and the baby has received Hb0, BCG and Polio I immunizations and has gained 800 grams of weight. Conclussion : Optimal comprehensive midwifery care can prevent complications.

Accuracy of Various Methods to Estimate Volume and Weight of Symmetrical and Non-Symmetrical Fruits using Computer Vision

Many researchers have used images to measure the volume and weight of fruits so that the measurement can be done remotely and non-contact. There are various methods for fruit volume estimation based on images, i.e., Basic Shape, Solid of Revolution, Conical Frustum, and Regression. The weight estimation generally uses Regression. This study analyzed the accuracy of these methods. Tests were done by taking images of symmetrical fruits (represented by tangerines) and non-symmetrical fruits (represented by strawberries). The images were processed using segmentation in saturation color space to get binary images. The Regression method used Diameter, Projection Area, and Perimeter as features that were extracted from the binary images. For symmetrical fruits, the best accuracy was obtained with the Linear Regression based on Diameter (LDD), which gave the highest R2 (0.96 for volume and 0.93 for weight) and the lowest RMSE (5.7 mm3 for volume and 5.3 gram for volume). For non-symmetrical fruits, the highest accuracy for non-symmetric fruits was given by the Linear Regression based on Diameter (LRD) and Linear Regression based on Area (LRA) with an R2 of 0.8 for volume and weight. The RMSE for LRD and LRA for strawberries was 3.3 mm3 for volume and 1.4 grams for weight.

Aplikasi Pupuk Daun dan Pemangkasan Pucuk Terhadap Produksi dan Mutu Benih Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L), Application Of Foliar Fertilizer and Shoot Pruning On Seed Production and Quality Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)

Cucumber is an annual plant whose life is creeping or climbing on twisted or spiral handles with a fairly high nutritional content, namely 0.65% protein, 0.1% fat and carbohydrates, 2.2%, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin A. , B1, B2 and C. To meet the needs of cucumbers, it can be started by providing quality seeds by optimizing cucumber seed production activities through the application of Gandasil D leaf fertilizer as well as shoot pruning treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of interaction between gandasil D leaf fertilizer and shoot pruning on the production and quality of cucumber seeds. The research was conducted for 3 months at PT. Wira Agro Nusantara Sejahtera Kediri with a factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor is the concentration of gandasil D leaf fertilizer (K) with 3 levels, namely Concentration of 0 grams/liter (K0), Concentration of 2 grams/liter (K1), and Concentration of 4 grams/liter (K2). While the second factor was shoot pruning (P) with 3 levels, without pruning (P0), trimming shoots on the 10th segment (P1), and trimming the shoots on the 20th segment (P2). Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test further test at 95% significance level. The results showed that the concentration treatment of Gandasil D leaf fertilizer had a very significant effect on fruit weight, but had no significant effect on other parameters. The shoot pruning treatment had a very significant effect on fruit weight, fruit diameter, seed weight per plant, seed weight per hectare, and weight of 100 grains. Cucumber plants that were trimmed at the 20th segment (K2) showed the highest values, namely 5.29 cm for fruit diameter, 12.66 grams for seed weight per plant, 334,83 kgs for seed production per hectart, and 2.23 grams for weight of 100 grains. The interaction of the two treatments only affected fruit weight, where cucumber plants fertilized with Gandasil leaves with a concentration of 4 grams/l (K2) and trimmed shoots on the 20th segment (P2) had the highest fruit weight, which was 278.40 grams.

Determining the Maternal Risk Factors Contributing to the Birth of Low Birth Weight Newborn: A Case-Control Study

Aim:To determine the maternal risk factors contributing to the birth of low birth weight newborn Study design: A case-control study Place and Duration:This study was conducted at ChildLife Foundation (CLF), Paediatric Emergency NICH Karachi Pakistan from August 2021 to January 2022. Methodology:A total of 920 mothers were included in the study that delivered the baby during the mentioned time frame, out of which 460 were cases and 460 controlled mothers for the comparative analysis of risk factors. All the newborns weighing less than 2500 grams of weight were considered as respective cases for the study. Newborns that weight more than 2500 grams were included in the control groups Results:The mean weight of newborn cases was 2.07 ± 0.45 kilograms and 3.14 ± 0.36 kilograms in the newborn control group. However, the mean gestational age of the cases was 37.2 ± 1.48, and the control was 38.3 ± 1.23 weeks. Whereas mothers of 37.2% of cases and 38.7% of control had no education background, 76% of cases had low HB levels, and 68.7% of cases had less than 24 months of the birth interval were relatedto low birth weight. There was no direct associationbetweenmaternal hypertension and low birth weight among newborns observed in the present study. Conclusion:The present study concluded that maternal low HB levels, poor socioeconomic status, low BMI, poor educational background and close birth spacing have a strong association with LBW among newborns. The country's child and maternal health care services should be prioritized to address these issues. Keywords: Childbirth, Infant mortality, Low birth weight, Neonatal mortality, Parental risk factors.

Obesity and Hypertension: Review Article

Weight problems are associated with extended extracellular fluid extent and better blood flow in a selection of tissues, resulting in improved venous return and cardiac output. Cardiac output will rise in step with expanded frame weight with faster blood deliver to the greater adipose tissue accounting for a part of the boom. The coronary heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and skeletal muscle tissues, among other tissues, see an growth in blood float. Some of the increased blood float is due to tissue and organ development due to the higher workload and metabolic demands that come with weight problems. Blood glide in tissues, which include the kidneys, skeletal muscle, and coronary heart, improves in overweight women and men, even though blood float is measured in line with gramme of weight. Conclusion: A weight problem is a chief threat element for vital high blood pressure, diabetes, and different comorbidities that contribute to kidney disorder development with the aid of increasing tubular reabsorption, affecting pressure natriuresis, and selling extent growth thru the activation of the SNS and RAS. A weight problem is a first-rate chance element for essential hypertension, diabetes, and other comorbidities that contribute to kidney ailment improvement. Obesity additionally causes cardiovascular and renal issues via a diffusion of pathways, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, infection, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, all of that may coexist, in particular whilst extra visceral fats is present, main to metabolic syndrome.

APPROPRIATE SOWING AMOUNT FOR HARD WHEAT VARIETIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

The article dwells upon the results of three-year experimental data on growth, development and yield of spring hard wheat varieties such as Bezenchukskaya Niva and Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya under the conditions of the Chuvash Republic. It was established that in case of reduction of seeding amount of viable seeds from 7 to 3 million pcs. per 1 ha, the vegetation duration of the studied varieties of spring hard wheat decreases by 6-7 days. Sowing of 5 million of viable seeds per 1 ha ensured the maximum density of spike-bearing stems due to better parametres of total and productive tillering capacity. The formation of large main wheat head with a high content of grains in Bezenchukskaya Niva variety was noted at seeding amount of viable seeds from 3 to 5 million per 1 ha. Increase of the seeding amount of more than 5 million seeds led to a decrease of main wheat head parameters. The crop structure analysis of Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya variety did not reveal clear patterns of change in length and grain content parameters of the main wheat head from the seeding amount. However, the highest parameter of 50.4 grams of weight of 1000 grains was obtained in the variant with a seeding amount of 6 million of viable seeds. The maximum yield increase of Bezenchukskaya Niva variety was 2.54 t/ha on average for 3 years, which was obtained on the variant with a seeding amount of 5 million of viable seeds per 1 ha. The highest yield of Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya variety was 2.23 t/ha on average for 3 years, it was obtained at a seeding rate of 6 million of viable seeds per 1 ha.

Hyperlipidemia Diet Reduces Superoxide Dismutase Inhibition Rate in the Brain Organ of Rattus norvegicus

Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica L.) egg yolk is one of the high-fat foods which can trigger hyperlipidemia. The condition of hyperlipidemia can have an oxidative stress effect on the brain. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a natural antioxidant that acts as a defense mechanism against oxidative stress. The inhibition rate of SOD decreases when oxidative stress occurs. This study aims to determine the effect of quail egg yolk on the SOD inhibition rate of brain organs on a rat. This study used male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months with 200-300 grams of weight. The rats were divided into two groups. Each group was fed with ad libitum for two weeks. The A groups as control continued ad libitum consumption, and the B group was given additional quail egg yolk 5 ml / 200 g BW for 2 weeks. At the end of the study, the rats were terminated. The brain organs were examined for SOD inhibition rate with spectrophotometry. The mean SOD inhibition rate in the A and B groups was 74.14% ± 6.16 and 24.14% ± 5.65, respectively. The independent t-test showed significant differences in SOD inhibition rate between groups (p 0.001). Furthermore, quail egg yolk significantly reduced the SOD inhibition rate in the brain organ of the rat.