Graduate Status Research Articles

Secular trends and determinants of influenza vaccination uptake among patients with cardiovascular disease in Korea: Analysis using a nationwide database.

BackgroundInfluenza vaccination reduces cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying the factors that affect influenza vaccination uptake can help improve the prognosis in patients with CVD. This study aimed to evaluate the secular trends of influenza vaccination uptake and factors associated with lack of vaccination in individuals with CVD.Materials and methodsWe analyzed the annual trends and factors associated with influenza vaccination among 3,264 patients with CVD, included from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey which reflect the health and nutritional status of the nationwide population of Korea conducted between 2007/2008 and 2018/2019. We used a stratified, multistage sampling method.ResultsThe influenza vaccination rate was greater in patients with CVD (53–74%) than in those without CVD (28–40%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age <50 years [odds ratio (OR), 16.22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.72–34.07], 50–64 years (OR, 6.71; 95% CI, 4.37–10.28), male sex (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.14–1.65), and asthma (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22–0.92) were independently associated with a lack of influenza vaccination. Among patients aged <65 years, smoking (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.31–4.04), college graduation status (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.16–2.82), and hypertension (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51–0.95) were independently associated with influenza vaccination. For individuals aged 65years, there was no significant determinant of lack of vaccination.ConclusionIn patients with CVD, a continuous increase in the secular trend of influenza vaccination was demonstrated in Korea. Young age, male sex, and non-asthma status were independently associated with lack of influenza vaccination uptake.

Investigation and Countermeasures on Mental Health Status of Applied Fresh Graduates from the Perspective of Psychological Capital.

Based on the perspective of psychological capital, the mental health status of applied college graduates is analyzed, and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward. Questionnaires are issued to investigate the mental health status of fresh graduates. The BSSI score of male students (102.05 ± 2.01) is not significantly different from that of female students (P > 0.05). SCL-90 scores of male students include somatization (1.95 ± 0.01), compulsion (1.84 ± 0.15), interpersonal relationship (1.75 ± 0.14), depression (1.92 ± 0.08), anxiety (1.70 ± 0.10), hostility (7.25 ± 0.16), terror (1.35 ± 0.41), bigotry (1.29 ± 0.17), and psychosis (1.33 ± 0.64). There is no significant difference compared with those of female students (P > 0.05). SCL-90 scores of high stress graduates include somatization (2.00 ± 0.17), compulsion (2.30 ± 0.08), interpersonal relationship (1.61 ± 0.20), depression (1.87 ± 0.09), anxiety (1.80 ± 0.11), hostility (1.30 ± 0.20), terror (1.39 ± 0.14), paranoid (1.48 ± 0.10), and psychosis (1.50 ± 0.11). There is significant difference between forced and low pressure graduates (P < 0.05). There is no statistical significance in other items (P > 0.05). Colleges and universities need to work together with fresh graduates to deal with negative emotions and stress, so as to improve mental health and promote employment.

Dietary intake and educational outcomes among Australian university students: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations.

This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between dietary intake and educational outcomes (EO) in Australian first-year university students. This cross-sectional and longitudinal study measured outcomes of interest at three points over 1 year. Measures included self-reported dietary patterns and dietary intake via a three-day estimated food record. Objective EO (corresponding semester grade point average (GPA), overall GPA and graduation status) variables were extracted from academic records. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were examined using regression models and generalised estimating equations, respectively. A large university in Queensland, Australia. Participants (n 80) were first-year students who had completed high school in the previous year. Some significant associations were found with semester GPA, including: (a) moderate positive associations between serves of vegetables and semester GPA at time point 2 and over time; and (b) a weak negative association between Na intake and semester GPA at time point 2. Although insignificant, meaningful negative associations were found between alcohol consumption and semester GPA at time point 1 and over time. Some significant associations were also found with graduation status, including: (a) a positive association between meeting Australian carbohydrate recommendations and graduation status; and (b) a negative association between Fe intake and graduation status, both at time point 1. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal findings highlight positive associations between vegetable intake and EO and negative associations between alcohol consumption and EO. Further relevant work is needed with larger, more variable samples in demographic, dietary and EO characteristics.

학제에 따른 조리전공 대학졸업생의 개인배경, 대학생활, 취업준비활동 요인이 취업 여부에 미치는 영향

This study is to identify the factors that determine if college graduates majored in culinary arts will be employed. To achieve this purpose, this study used the survey data of 350 culinary arts-related graduates who participated in the GOMS conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service for the past three years. The analysis results are summarized as follows: First, personal background factors such as gender, age, health status, and parental educational background of graduates did not affect their employment status regardless of their school system. Second, in the case of 2-3 year college graduates, the grades, major satisfaction, number of job experiences, and status of acquiring licenses had a positive effect on their employment status. However, the status of job experience and experience of job-seeking activities had a negative effect on their employment status. Third, in the case of 4-year university graduates, the grades and status of acquiring licenses had a positive effect on their employment status. On the other hand, the experience of job-seeking activities, training experience, and the number of certificates obtained had a negative effect on their employment status. Therefore, guiding employment for graduates at the university should provide individualized employment approach depending on their school system, college life, and employment preparation activities.

7 Differential Attainment at the Intercollegiate Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) Examination

Abstract Aim The recent Kennedy review on diversity and inclusivity highlighted concerns that some groups of individuals are facing barriers to progression in surgical careers. Differential attainment in performance at MRCS has been identified but not investigated. This study aimed to explore the relationship between socio-demographic differences and MRCS success. Method UK graduates attempting MRCS Part A (n=5,780) and Part B (n=2,600) from 2013-2019 were identified using the UKMED database. Univariate associations with MRCS performance were identified using chi-squared tests. Multiple logistic regression identified independent predictors of MRCS success at first attempt, adjusted for medical school performance. Results Differences in MRCS pass rates were statistically significant according to graduate status, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status, and educational background (all P&amp;lt;0.05). After adjusting for prior academic attainment, men (odds ratio [OR] 2.34, 95%CI 1.87–2.92) and non-graduates (OR 1.98, 95%CI 1.44–2.74) were significantly more likely to pass MRCS Part A. Non-graduates (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.15–2.71) and those who attended a fee-paying school (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.08–2.10) were significantly more likely to pass MRCS Part B. Black and minority ethnic groups were significantly less likely to pass MRCS Part B at their first attempt (OR 0.41, 95%CI 0.18 to 0.92 for Black candidates and OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.35 to 0.69 for Asian candidates) compared to White candidates. Conclusions We found significant differential attainment at MRCS that cannot be attributed to learner deficit. Training institutions and Royal Colleges now have a responsibility to identify and address the causes of these attainment differences to facilitate equitable career progression for surgical trainees.

Investigation of Turkish as A Foreign Language Instructors’ Perception Towards Lesson Plans

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of instructors teaching Turkish to foreigners on lesson plans. In order to collect data for the study, 175 instructors teaching at the Turkish Teaching Centers of universities across Turkey were contacted in the 2021-2022 academic year. In order to reach the study group, the scale system created in the “Google forms” software was used. The data collection process continued for 8 weeks in total. “The Scale of the Perceptions of Instructors Teaching Turkish to Foreigners on Lesson Plans” is a 3-point Likert-type measurement tool consisting of 30 items. For the evaluation of the study data, in addition to the descriptive statistics, the t test was used in comparisons of two groups with normal distribution, and the ANOVA test was used for the comparison of three or more groups. As far as the results of the study is concerned, while there was no statistically significant difference between the perceptions of the instructors teaching Turkish to foreigners on lesson plans by gender (p.05), there were significant differences by their graduation status (p.05) and professional seniority (p.05). The SPSS 24.0 program was used for statistical analysis.

Tracer Study of Bachelor in Hotel and Restaurant Service Technology (BHRST) Graduates of Bohol Island State University Candijay Campus, Bohol, Philippines

Ascertaining graduates’ employment rate is one of the factors to consider in achieving the institution’s vision and mission. Thus, researchers evaluated the employment status of BHRST graduates of the Bohol Island State University- Candijay campus from Academic Year 2015-2018 using mixed methods deploying a modified CHED Graduate tracer questionnaire. Findings revealed that most BHRST graduates are employed after graduation in hotel and restaurant business and landed their first job from one to six months as walk-in applicants in the Philippines. Salaries and benefits are the primary reasons for accepting or leaving their job, wherein P 5,000.00 to less than 10,000.00 are their majority initial gross monthly earnings. Lastly, it was perceived that communication skills and human relations skills are the beneficial competencies they learned from BISU and the OJT curriculum gives them an advantage for work. Keywords: BISU, BHRST, Employability, Graduates, Tourism, and Hospitality

O009 Differential attainment at the Intercollegiate Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) examination according to gender, ethnicity, age and socioeconomic factors

Abstract Introduction The lack of diversity at senior and leadership positions in surgery highlights concerns that some groups of individuals face barriers to progression in surgical training. This study aimed to investigate whether there is group-level differential attainment (DA) at MRCS, a mandatory postgraduate examination for UK surgical trainees. Methods All UK graduates attempting MRCS Part A (n=5,780) and Part B (n=2,600) between 2013–2019 were identified using the UK Medical Education Database. Univariate associations with MRCS performance were identified using chi-squared tests. Multiple logistic regression identified independent predictors of first-attempt MRCS success, adjusted for medical school performance. Results We found statistically significant differences in MRCS pass rates according to gender, ethnicity, graduate status, childhood socioeconomic status and educational background (all P&amp;lt;0.05). After adjusting for prior academic attainment, being a non-graduate (odds ratio [OR] 1.98, 95%CI 1.44–2.74) or male (OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.87–2.92) were independent predictors of MRCS Part A success. Being a non-graduate (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.15–2.71) or having attended a fee-paying school (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.08–2.10) were independent predictors of MRCS Part B success. Black candidates were significantly less likely to pass MRCS Part B at their first attempt (OR 0.41, 95%CI 0.18–0.92) as were Asian candidates (OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.35–0.69 for) in comparison to White candidates. Conclusion We found significant DA at MRCS that cannot be attributed to learner deficit. Royal Colleges and training institutions now need to identify and address the causes of these attainment differences to facilitate equitable career progression for surgical trainees. Take-home message We found significant DA at MRCS that cannot be attributed to learner deficit. Royal Colleges and training institutions now need to identify and address the causes of these attainment differences to facilitate equitable career progression for surgical trainees.

Predictors of High School and College Graduation After Sustaining a Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

To identify early predictors of US high school and college graduation after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Inpatient rehabilitation and community. TBI Model Systems participants, aged 16 to 24 years, enrolled as high school or college students at time of injury. Prospective cohort study. Successful graduation was defined as having a diploma (high school) or an associate/bachelor's degree (college) at 1-, 2-, or 5-year follow-up. Predictors were sex, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, preinjury substance abuse, primary rehabilitation payer, and functional independence at inpatient rehabilitation discharge. We descriptively characterized differences between those who did and did not graduate high school and college within the first 5 years postinjury and identified early predictors of successful high school and college graduation using 2 binomial logistic regressions. Of those with known graduation status, 81.2% of high school and 41.8% of college students successfully graduated. Graduates in both groups were more often White than Black and had more functional independence at discharge. Among high school students, preinjury substance abuse was also a risk factor for not graduating, as was identifying as Hispanic or "other" race. Sociodemographic factors and disability influence graduation outcomes, requiring structural, institutional, and personal interventions for success.

Demographic, psychosocial, and physical fitness predictors of successful graduation from U.S. Army Ranger School

ABSTRACT U.S. Army Ranger School is an arduous 64-day leadership training course designed to simulate the stressors of combat. Although physical fitness has been shown to be an important predictor of successful graduation for Ranger School, psychosocial characteristics like self-efficacy and grit have not been examined. The purpose of this study is to identify personal, psychosocial, and fitness characteristics associated with successful completion of Ranger School. This study was a prospective cohort examining the association of baseline characteristics of Ranger School candidates with a primary outcome of graduation success. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the contribution of demographics, psychosocial, fitness and training characteristics to graduation success. Out of 958 eligible Ranger Candidates, this study obtained graduation status for 670 students, 270 (40%) of which graduated. Soldiers who graduated were younger, more likely to come from units with a higher proportion of previous Ranger School graduates, had higher self-efficacy and faster 2-mile run times. The results from this study suggest that Ranger students should arrive in optimal physical conditioning. Furthermore, training programs that optimize student self-efficacy and units with a high proportion of successful Ranger graduates may confer advantage for this challenging leadership course.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Ophthalmology Resident Research Productivity in the United States.

Background The extent and impact of ophthalmology resident scholarly output is not well known. The authors aim to quantify scholarly activity of ophthalmology residents during residency and assess what factors may be associated with greater research productivity of these residents. Material and Methods Ophthalmology residents who graduated in 2021 were identified from their respective program Web sites. Bibliometric data published by these residents between the beginning of their postgraduate year 2 (July 1, 2018) until 3 months after graduation (September 30, 2021) were captured through searches via PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The association of the following factors with greater research productivity numbers was analyzed: residency tier, medical school rank, sex, doctorate degree, type of medical degree, and international medical graduate status. Results We found 418 ophthalmology residents from 98 residency programs. These residents published a mean (±standard deviation [SD]) number of 2.68 ± 3.81 peer-reviewed publications, 2.39 ± 3.40 ophthalmology-related publications, and 1.18 ± 1.96 first-author publications each. The mean (±SD) Hirsch index (h-index) for this cohort was 0.79 ± 1.17. Upon multivariate analysis, we discovered significant correlations between both residency tier and medical school rank and all bibliometric variables assessed. Pairwise comparisons revealed that residents from higher tier programs had greater research productivity numbers than those from lower tier programs. Conclusion We obtained bibliometric standards for ophthalmology residents on a national scale. Residents who graduated from higher-ranked residency programs and medical schools possessed higher h-indices and published more peer-reviewed publications, ophthalmology-related articles, and first-author publications.

GÜVENLİK GÖREVLERİNİN ÖRGÜTSEL ADALET ALGILARININ İŞ MOTİVASYONLARINA ETKİSİ

Çalışma Elazığ ili Fırat Üniversitesinde görev yapan güvenlik görevlerinin örgütsel adalet algılarının iş motivasyonlarına etkisi amacını taşımaktadır. Çalışmanın evrenini Fırat Üniversitesi Fırat Üniversitesinde görev yapan güvenlik görevleri oluştururken, örneklemi ise Elazığ ile sınırlı olmak koşuluyla Fırat Üniversitesinde çalışan 182 güvenlik görevlileri oluşturmuştur. &#x0D; Çalışmaya katılan güvenlik görevlilerinin örgütsel adalet ve iş motivasyonlarının incelenmesi amacıyla kişisel bilgi formu ve “Örgütsel Adalet Ölçeği ve Motivasyon Ölçeği” kullanılmış olup, istatistiki program sayesinde oluşturulan frekans ve yüzde analizleri yapılıp, ikili gruplarda t testi, çoklu gruplarda ise varyans analizi (Anova), ayrıca gruplar arasındaki farklılıkları bulmada TUKEY testinden yararlanılmıştır. &#x0D; Sonuç olarak; Fırat Üniversitesinde görev yapan güvenlik görevlilerinin medeni durumlarının, yaşlarının ve çalışmaları yıllarının örgütsel adalet ve iş motivasyonlarına etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Eğitim durumuna göre; kurumdaki yöneticilerin mezuniyet durumu lise olan özel güvenlik görevlilerine karşı dağıtımsal adalet ve adil işlem yapma yönünden adaletli davrandığını söylenebilir. İş motivasyonuna bakıldığında üniversite mezunu güvenlik görevlilerinin araçsal motivasyonları lise mezunu çalışanlara göre daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Özel güvenlik görevlilerinin örgütsel adalet algılarının iş motivasyonları arasında düşük düzeyde de olsa olumlu yönde etkiler olduğunu söyleyebiliriz.

Stigmatization related COVID-19 and PTSD among Chinese graduates

BackgroundSince COVID-19 broke out worldwide, it had caused extensive public health concerns and psychological distress, including PTSD and stigmatization towards recovered patients and people from high-risk areas. However, the association between PTSD, stigmatization and certain related factors have not been confirmed.MethodsThrough cluster random sampling, 946 Chinese graduates were investigated from 5 universities in Shanghai at three months after China lifted its coronavirus lockdown. PTSD symptoms were evaluated with PCL-5. Demographic and disease-related characteristics including stigmatization, educational attainment and working position were collected to assess their association with PTSD.Results12.4% graduates were reported significant PTSD symptoms in PCL-5 screening with a cut-off of 33. Graduates with a Master’s degree (P = 0.02) or working position like “looking for a job” and “planning to go abroad” (P = 0.038) showed severer stigmatization related to COVID-19. Stigmatization towards both patients recovering from COVID-19 and people from high-risk areas had significant association with PTSD symptoms. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that stigmatization can explain 5% of variation of PCL-5 scores after controlling gender, age, educational attainments and working position.ConclusionGraduates who were looking for jobs or preparing to go abroad showed more stigmatization related to COVID-19. There was a positive correlation between stigma against COVID-19 and PTSD symptoms. More attention should be paid to the mental health status of graduates who are preparing to go abroad or looking for jobs.

Aplikasi K-Nearest Neighbor Dengan Fungsi Jarak Gower Dalam Klasifikasi Kelulusan Mahasiswa

The results of the reaccreditation of the Statistics Study Program, Mulawarman University in 2019 remain accredited B. One of the assessment indicators used in reaccreditation is the student's timely graduation status. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the graduation status of Statistics students, Mulawarman University.. The prediction method used in this research is K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). K-NN is a classification method based on studying previously classified data. This method is very easy to understand, easy to applied and also non-parametric method, so that no certain assumptions are needed in the process. The independent variables used in this study were student profiles, including gender, regional origin, cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) and single tuition fee. The dependent variable in this study is the graduation status of students, namely graduating on time and not graduating on time. The data used were students of the Mulawarman University, Statistics Study Program in 2014, 2015, and 2016. The results showed at k = 7 and the distribution of training and testing data with the proportion of 80:20 obtained optimal accuracy of 0,909 with a TPrate of 0.500, a TNrate. in the amount of 1,000 and AUC value of 0,75 that means fair classification.

Development of a novel behaviourally anchored instrument for the assessment of surgical trainees.

BackgroundThe Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) created its competency framework in 2003 which initially consisted of nine competencies each regarded as equally important for a practising surgeon. The JDocs Framework is aligned to these competencies and provides guidance for junior doctors working towards the Surgical Education and Training program.MethodsA novel assessment instrument was designed around the JDocs framework using 48 behaviourally anchored questions. The study was completed in 2020 across five public hospitals in the ACT and NSW. Participants were invited to complete the self‐assessment form online.ResultsThirty‐six of 59 (61%) trainees participated in the study, with 67 of 68 (98.5%) supervisors having completed the assessment form. Trainee self‐rating scores were lower than that of supervisor ratings across all competencies except communication. The self‐rating scores were negatively correlated with the seniority of a trainee's level in all nine competencies. The years of post‐graduate experience was positively correlated with seven of the nine competencies. For gender and International Medical Graduate status, correlation was only identified for health advocacy and medical expertise. There was no correlation identified with a trainee's age.ConclusionThis pilot study has provided an opportunity to explore a new assessment instrument for surgical trainees that is aligned to the RACS competency framework using behaviourally anchored questions. Looking ahead, a better understanding of this instrument will potentially be helpful in early identification of underperforming trainees in order to facilitate early intervention, or its use as a selection tool for formal training programs.

Turkish as A Foreign Language Instructors’ Perception Towards Homework

The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of instructors teaching Turkish language literacy to foreigners about the homework. For data collection, 175 instructors teaching at the Turkish Teaching Centers in Turkey in the 2021-2022 academic year participated. For the study group, the scale system in the “Google forms” software was utilized. Data were collected in 8 weeks. “The Scale of the Opinions of instructors Teaching Turkish Literacy to Foreigners about Homework” was a 3-point Likert type that consisted of 48 items. SPSS 24.0 program was used for analysis of the data. Together with descriptive statistical methods, t test was used for the comparisons of two groups with normal distribution and the ANOVA test was used for group comparisons of 3 and above. The instructors stated that the homework should be evaluated both as a process and as a content, that homework should be given for authentic as it would attract more attention of students, and that homework improved the reading and writing skills. While there was no statistically significant difference between the views of the instructors about homework by gender (p.05), significant differences were found by graduation status (p.05) and professional seniority (p.05).

Trends in growth and nutritional status of high school graduates in Hangzhou, China, 2011\u20132020

BackgroundDuring past decades, there was a positive trend in growth and nutrition status of adolescents in China, but there was significant regional disparity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trends in growth and nutritional status of high school graduates in Hangzhou between 2011 and 2020.Methods High school graduates (Grade 12) who finished the physical examination of the national college entrance examination between 2011 and 2020 (n=481,353)were included in this study. Data were obtained from the database of physical examination of the national college entrance exam. Height and weight were measured; body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight. Thinness, overweight and obesity were defined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. For the vast majority of the high school graduates were 18 years old or nearly 18 years old, the cutoffs of 18 years were adopted. Those are 18.5, 25 and 30 kg/m2, for thinness, overweight and obesity respectively.ResultsThere was a significant growth trend in height, weight and BMI in both sexes (P < 0.001). Height increased by 1.80 cm in boys and 1.45 cm in girls. Weight increased by 4.62 kg in boys and 2.51 kg in girls. BMI increased by 1.09 kg/m2 in boys and 0.60 kg/m2 in girls. An increase trend was found in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in both sexes (P < 0.001). Overweight increased by 7.43% (from 9.05 to 16.48%) among boys and 4.05% (from 4.57 to 8.62%) among girls. Obesity increased by 3.85% (from 2.29 to 6.14%) among boys and 1.76% (from 0.64 to 2.40%) among girls. The prevalence of thinness fluctuated in both boys and girls, 12.42–15.59% among boys and 18.97–23.68% among girls. Boys had higher odds of overweight and obesity and lower odds of thinness than girls (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere is a positive trend in growth and nutritional status of high school graduates in Hangzhou. However, there is still a considerable prevalence of thinness, it indicates a double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition.

Factors Influencing Employment of Female Graduates of Technical and Vocational Education and Training Program in the Philippines

Unemployment has been a long-standing problem in many countries, including the Philippines, and the recent pandemic even worsened the economic conditions of Filipinos with a large part of the population losing their jobs. One way to create more platforms that will enable the employability of the population is through the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) program, whose goal is to produce middle- and high-skilled graduates ready to take on the demands of the rapidly changing economy. With the current gender gap in terms of employment, this study focuses on the employment status of female graduates of TVET and the possible factors that influence the employment of Filipino female TVET graduates were determined. The survey data collected by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) in 2018 for their employability study of 2017 women TVET graduates was utilized in this study. Binary Firth logistic regression models were fitted on subpopulations of TVET female graduates who were employed before and after training. Results have shown a significant increase in the proportion of employed women after graduation, which was indicated in the estimates before and after the training. Among the unemployed Filipino female before the training, more than half of them (52%) were employed after the training. Age, education, region, and reasons for taking up a program showed to be determinants of the employability of female TVET graduates. The factors that hinder women from entering employment despite their TVET training is the primacy of their household and family duties. Their choice or nature of programs shows that women take stereotypical roles associated with women, an issue that is still present today because of prevailing traditional gender norms. With the huge decline in economic activities brought by the pandemic, the results of this study will be particularly important in creating more and better employment opportunities for Filipino women.

Do Credit Momentum Policies Through the 15 to Finish Improve Academic Progression and Completion of Low-Income, First-Generation Students? Evidence from a College Promise Program

Credit momentum policies, or performance-based financial aid policies, have become increasingly popular among policymakers seeking to improve degree completion rates. This paper examines Indiana’s 30-credit-hour completion policy on first-time, full-time students who receive the Twenty-First Century Scholars (TFCS) Promise Program. Using administrative data from the Indiana University’s University Institutional Research and Reporting, representing 7842 low-income students who enrolled shortly before the policy was implemented, I use a difference-in-differences framework to explore the heterogeneous treatment effects of a credit (academic) momentum policy that was supported by the Complete College America 15 to Finish initiative on the academic progression and completion of promise scholarship recipients at Indiana University Bloomington and Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, compared to non-TFCS Pell recipients from the Fall 2011 cohorts through the Fall 2014 cohorts. I find some evidence to suggest that credit momentum policies are associated with small increases in cumulative credits and grades but had no effect on degree completion status (Year 4 Graduation Status, Year 6 Graduation Status). I also find evidence that TFCS female and first-generation recipients responded positively to the policy change but find no evidence that the policy affects promise recipients differently by race/ethnicity. While consistent with prior work on credit momentum, these findings are among the first to explore the academic performance of college promise recipients. Together, these findings indicate that credit momentum policies may improve academic progression and completion for low-income, first-generation students who receive a promise scholarship. Implications for policy and research are discussed.

Factors associated with declaration of disability in medical students and junior doctors, and the association of declared disability with academic performance: observational study using data from the UK Medical Education Database, 2002–2018 (UKMED54)

ObjectivesTo examine factors associated with declaration of disability by medical students and doctors, and the association of declared disability with academic performance.DesignObservational study using record-linked data collected between 2002 and...