Graduates Of Higher Education Institutions Research Articles

REQUIREMENTS FOR FOSTERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMPETENCE AMONG ASPIRING PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

In the current era, the issue of multicultural education holds great significance in nurturing and cultivating the cross-cultural competence of primary school teachers. The development of cross-cultural competence has become a pressing social concern, particularly emphasizing the constructive transfer of knowledge within a multicultural setting. This heightened emphasis can be attributed to ongoing globalizing processes, educational integration, and the prevalent low level of cross-cultural competence among individuals. The establishment and enhancement of cross-cultural competence hold particular importance within foreign language education, especially in the professional training of teachers. Teachers must be prepared to address pressing educational issues that always involve the task of instructing and nurturing students from diverse ethnic and social backgrounds, encompassing varied cultural values, traditions, and lifestyles. Consequently, the education system should primarily focus on strengthening intercultural connections and harmony within Kazakhstan, necessitating a shift in the requirements for contemporary graduates of higher education institutions, who should possess a high level of competence in cross-cultural relations. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify the pedagogical prerequisites essential for developing the cross-cultural competence of future primary school teachers, enabling them to comprehend and embrace diverse values, possess well-developed cross-cultural self-awareness, and engage effectively in intercultural interactions inherent in other cultures.

ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ТА ЛЮДСЬКИЙ КАПІТАЛ РЕГІОНУ: ВЗАЄМНИЙ ВПЛИВ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

Human capital is identified as one of the essential factors of economic growth. However, there is an inverse effect of the economic development of territories on the formation and improvement of human capital, which needs to be researched. It is advisable to apply the system of simultaneous equations to identify the mutual influence between human capital and economic development. To study the dependence of economic development (EPD) and human capital (number of employed population) of Lviv region, such indicators as capital investments, consumer price index, scientific expenses of enterprises for carrying out scientific research, average salary per employee, number of specialists graduated from higher education institutions were used educational institutions of the Lviv region. The simultaneous model of the influence of human capital on regional development is described by two equations: GRP and the number of the employed population. The first equation of the model describes the dependence of the volume of the gross regional product on the employed population of the region, capital investments, the consumer price index, and the scientific expenses of enterprises for conducting scientific research. The model's second equation describes the employed population's dependence on the volume of the gross regional product, the average salary, and the number of graduates of higher education institutions in the Lviv region. As shown by the results of calculations based on statistical data for 2004–2021, 99.4% of the gross regional product is explained by the influence of such indicators as capital investments, the consumer price index, scientific expenses of enterprises for carrying out scientific research and human capital – employed population of Lviv region. At the same time, 86.4% of the employed population is explained by the influence of the following indicators: the average salary per employee and the number of graduates from higher education in the Lviv region. Therefore, analyzing the obtained results, we can conclude that the model adequately reflects the influence of human capital on the regional development of the Lviv region.

THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING

World globalization puts increasingly strict demands on graduates of higher education institutions. In addition to professional competencies, which include a certain set of abilities and skills, a modern specialist must not only navigate his business, but also, in accordance with state educational standards, be able to read foreign professional literature, find the necessary information and properly apply the results of foreign language training in his professional activities. The level of students' mastery of a foreign language directly depends on effective teaching methods and the use of information technologies. The article draws attention to the fact that digital technologies have become an important factor in the process of language learning. Electronic communication devices such as computers, laptops, mobile phones, global communication system, video and audio conferencing, video telephony, webcasting and chats have become an integral part of language learning and their widespread use in education. The article also notes that the emergence of technological learning has significantly expanded the possibilities of learning a foreign language and created an alternative virtual learning environment that is not limited to the walls of an educational institution. Every foreign language class usually uses some form of technology. This study focuses on the role of using new technologies in the process of foreign language training, in particular the use of the Flipped studying format. The article attempts to explain the use of technology in the process of learning a foreign language, to analyze previous scientific studies related to the use of technology to improve language skills, and to make certain recommendations for improving the use of digital technologies that help students of higher education institutions learn material using information achievements of the modern world.

REQUIREMENTS FOR FOSTERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMPETENCE AMONG ASPIRING PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

In the current era, the issue of multicultural education holds great significance in nurturing and cultivating the cross-cultural competence of primary school teachers. The development of cross-cultural competence has become a pressing social concern, particularly emphasizing the constructive transfer of knowledge within a multicultural setting. This heightened emphasis can be attributed to ongoing globalizing processes, educational integration, and the prevalent low level of cross-cultural competence among individuals. The establishment and enhancement of cross-cultural competence hold particular importance within foreign language education, especially in the professional training of teachers. Teachers must be prepared to address pressing educational issues that always involve the task of instructing and nurturing students from diverse ethnic and social backgrounds, encompassing varied cultural values, traditions, and lifestyles. Consequently, the education system should primarily focus on strengthening intercultural connections and harmony within Kazakhstan, necessitating a shift in the requirements for contemporary graduates of higher education institutions, who should possess a high level of competence in cross-cultural relations. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify the pedagogical prerequisites essential for developing the cross-cultural competence of future primary school teachers, enabling them to comprehend and embrace diverse values, possess well-developed cross-cultural self-awareness, and engage effectively in intercultural interactions inherent in other cultures.

An Analysis of College Students' Employment Psychology and Self-regulation under Employment Pressure

The number of college students is increasing year by year with the expansion of colleges and universities, and the generalization and popularization of higher education in China has become inevitable. Although the generalization of higher education has brought about the improvement of national quality education, the number of college graduates is also increasing, which leads to the gradual increase of employment pressure on the graduates of higher education institutions. Based on this, how to help college students face the pressure correctly for adjusting their psychological problems and developing smoothly in time has become an urgent problem on the whole society. This paper analyzes the current employment situation faced by college students, and elaborates the psychological performance of college students under the employment pressure, focusing on the psychological self-regulation measures of college students.

ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS

B a c k g r ou nd . The article deals with modern requirements for the training and retraining of scientific and pedagogical and scientific personnel, as well as for higher professional education which lacks qualitatively new theoretical and methodical support for scientific and research activities. Higher education institutions of Ukraine occupy a leading place in the system of multi-level training and retraining of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel. Many of them have created such scientific centers as specialized academic councils for the defense of doctoral dissertations and councils for the defense of doctors of philosophy (PhD), master's, postgraduate, doctoral studies, a system of additional professional education, retraining and advanced training of personnel. Being aware of methodology, theory, technology, methods and organization of scientific research activity is a necessary basis for graduate students, doctoral students, holders of scientific degrees, employees of scientific divisions of institutions of various profiles, organizers of scientific research activities of all levels. The requirements for the professional training of graduates of higher education institutions provide for the active involvement of teachers and students in scientific research. Purpose and objectives. To conduct a theoretical analysis of the state of Ukrainian and foreign scientific research work of students with the aim of expanding scientific knowledge about the organization and development of pedagogical research technologies; on the development of student scientific creativity in all its forms for the future teacher to master the methodology of scientific research, the conscious introduction into pedagogical practice of the latest achievements of science, technology and culture. Re su lt s . In this context, the search for new technologies, reproduction and expansion of the scientific potential of future teachers, effective application, formation and development of scientific schools, creation of the most favorable conditions for the creative growth of future specialists acquire special importance. C onc lu si on s . Successful mastery of research and creative work skills by bachelors and masters helps them relatively easily join professional activities, transform scientific knowledge into the field of practical application. In this regard, the curricula of most institutions of higher education in Ukraine include special educational disciplines on the basics of scientific and research activity and elements of scientific creativity are introduced into fundamental, professionally oriented as well as special disciplines. This contributes to the creation of the necessary conditions for the integration of a higher school of Ukraine into the world educational and scientific space by activating the processes of involving talented young people in scientific research, implementing the experience of the world's leading universities as a prerequisite for the formation and development of a teacher's personality.

Comprehensive Model for the Formation of Quality Managerial Elite According to the Principle of Meritocracy

An innovative approach to the formation of an effective managerial elite capable of organizing the Ukrainian nation on its way to civilizational development and accession to the EU with its own "face" is considered. The technological possibilities of implementing the meritocracy principle (based on merit) in the education system and the field of labor, including among the authorities, are shown.Based on the analysis of elites' theory, two of their main concepts related to management, which are the subject of research, are defined. The first is the value elite, which consists of the best representatives with their respective qualities. The second, the most widespread, are citizens in power, who exert managerial influence in all spheres of social organization. The article proposes a solution to the problem of the formation of a quality elite by combining these two concepts by introducing a four-stage model of the formation of a quality managerial elite based on the principles of meritocracy, which is associated with institutional changes in the system of public administration and education in the direction of their transition to a culture of system management based on final results.Technologies for determining the final results of organizations' activities at each level, where those results are naturally manifested in the process of training or labor, are considered. At the same time, the fact that the determination of the final results is possible thanks to the digitalization of educational and labor processes using factor-criterion quality metrics, which allows the expression of the final results digitally in the form of indices, is highlighted.It has been proven that the final results at the first basic level of education (school) are indices of the competitiveness of the graduates. The second degree (higher education) are indices of competitiveness of the graduates of higher education institutions. At the third level of labor activity are indices of qualification, taking into account large-scale thinking and knowledge of "related work" (to be engaged in the business to which one is attracted and tends to be attracted). At the fourth stage of postgraduate education are indices of scientific training of applicants for high management positions. An educational and thematic plan for the training of specialists for entering the managerial elite of the national level is proposed, aimed at clarifying the new human-centered management course of the civilizational development of post-war Ukraine.The article proves that the principle of meritocracy (based on merit) is implemented in education thanks to the participation of many "experts" (teachers, students themselves, their parents, fellow students, and teachers) in diagnosing the resulting activity of education seekers. And a benefit is the control of previous results by obtaining the next ones in senior classes. Successes in labor activities are recorded by actually achieved results that are not directly influenced by money, social status, or connections with influential people.

METHODICAL ASPECTS OF DESIGN-PROJECTION IN THE COURSE OF FUTURE TEACHERS’ TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION

Analyzing the curricula and methods of professional future teacher training in higher education, we see that this educational process involves comprehensive mastering of knowledge in the field of art, functional-technological process, structures and materials science, formal composition, drawing and perspective, colorists in the organization of the environment, architecture, basics of environment design and the functional and constructive component of spatial composition.
 The analysis of the professional activity of specialists in the field of technological education shows that for successful design, the presence of knowledge of modern design-projection methods, engineering-technological foundations, tectonic regularities of the formation of objects of the subject environment, principles of combinatorial solution of the shape of the object being created. The lack of practical experience of university graduates leads to their difficult adaptation to pedagogical activities, which is a consequence of insufficient attention to the formation of special knowledge and skills, to the practical orientation of solving educational creative tasks related to professional activities in the field of design. The mentioned circumstances make it possible to consider the issue of the formation of special knowledge and skills in the process of design-projecting as relevant and timely.
 In this regard, design-projecting in the teacher's activity is characterized by the uniqueness of the search program, multivariate problem solving, and the ability to independently evaluate intermediate and final options, and choose an effective specific algorithm. Accordingly, we understand the teacher's creative project activity as an intellectual activity to ensure the quality of a technical solution from the point of view of functional, ergonomic, aesthetic, technological, and psychological factors. The conducted research does not exhaust all issues related to the formation of special knowledge and skills of higher education students in the design-projecting process and requires further improvement of the stages of quasi-professional educational activity, taking into account the optimal choice of methods for solving creative tasks, development of personal qualities of graduates of higher education institutions.

Career support for university graduates on the way to their successful adaptation in the labor market

The paper analyzes the problem of the effectiveness of career support for university graduates, their position in the labor market, gender segregation, expressed in the difference in wages, the appearance of female and male professions, as well as in unequal job positions offered by employers. The authors pay special attention to the consideration of the methodology for diagnosing T. Luris interpersonal relations, namely the influence of gender characteristics both on the choice of profession and on the process of work itself. The work of leading specialists in the field of employment of university graduates, their successful adaptation in the labor market, the reasons for the problems of riskiness of the primary entry of graduates into the labor market, and the inconsistency of the educational services market and the labor market were analyzed. Statistics on the gender composition of graduates of higher educational institutions for 2021 are given. The hypothesis that the level of successful adaptation of graduates and their career support are interrelated and mutually agreed with the gender and type of interpersonal relations has been confirmed. We considered the peculiarities of career support for university graduates in the context of socio-cultural understanding of the gender role, as well as the influence of pubic stereotypes on the adaptation of university graduates in the labor market. The features of various approaches to leadership and career building, interpersonal relations are described, taking into account the male and female psyche and characteristic features of intelligence.

ACADEMIC MOTIVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN EDUCATION

This article concerns the issue of academic motivation in the context of modern higher education. Higher education and employers formulate the requirements for future professionals. A professional society is in need of competent graduates of higher education institutions that determine students' expectations in the learning process and drives the changes in the contents, scope and new hierarchy of academic motives. Understanding the specifics of academic motivation in the context of modern education directly determines the efficiency of the learning process as well the professional formation of human beings and their personal motivation. The sample consisted of young adults, male and female, at the age of 17 to 24. The total amount of subjects was 214 people. The research was performed in the following educational groups: Psychology, psychological and pedagogic education, medicine, arts, mathematics, and law which allowed to study of academic motivation in different subject areas. The research revealed that academic motivation in students of various fields of study has both similar and different tendencies. The academic motivation was different during the first, second, third, and fourth years of education. This article includes an attempt to indicate a vector for the development of higher schools in the context of digital education.

EMIGRATION FROM KAZAKHSTAN: FOCUS ON NORTHERN REGIONS AND RURAL AREAS

The purpose of the research is to discuss emigration from Kazakhstan. Since 2014, the outfl ow of the population from the country continues both from cities and from rural areas.Methodology. When writing the article, methods of scientifi c knowledge, theoretical generalization, comparative analysis of the current and past states were used based on data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Originality / value of the research. Based on the available data, the authors made an attempt to analyze the eff ectiveness of the implementation of the state programs «With a diploma – to the village» and «Enbek», aimed at solving the problems of the outfl ow of the population from the northern regions of Kazakhstan and rural areas.Findings. The greatest outfl ow of the population is typical for the regions located in the central, northern and eastern parts of Kazakhstan (all these regions are combined into one group «northern regions»). The fact that people of working age are leaving the country is a matter of concern. To compensate for the losses of the population, the state implements various programs: «With a diploma – to the village» and «Enbek».The state program «With a Diploma – to the Village» is aimed at attracting graduates of higher educational institutions to live in rural areas and replenish the labor force. The state program «Enbek» aims to stimulate voluntary relocation to the northern regions from the labor surplus (southern) regions to the northern regions of Kazakhstan. The implementation of these programs has not been able to address the problem of the outfl ow of the population both from the northern regions of Kazakhstan and from rural areas. In our opinion, these programs require revision considering the conditions on the ground.

SELF-EDUCATIONAL – A QUALITY BENCHMARK FOR THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE EXPERTS IN PHYSICAL THERAPY AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

In modern conditions of social development, the requirements for future physical and occupational therapists' professional training are changing.
 In order to train highly qualified specialists ready for professional activities in today's changing conditions, it is necessary to form their self-educational competence.
 In order to be competitive in the labor market, it is necessary to increase one’s potential during self-education activities. This determines the relevance of the formation of self-educational competence of future physical rehabilitators, occupational therapists during their studies at higher education institutions.
 In this article, we aim to substantiate the need for the formation of self-educational competence in future specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy during their studies at higher education institutions.
 It has been established that self-educational competence is an integral component of the professional adequacy of a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist. This competence includes the ability to acquire knowledge independently and understand the importance of education throughout life.
 It was determined that the formed self-educational competence of future physiotherapy specialists ensures their professional mobility, competitiveness in the labor market and promotes the development of adaptive skills.
 It is emphasized that the formation of self-learning competence is a continuous process carried out throughout a specialist's entire professional activity.
 The importance of forming basic skills and components of self-educational competence to enable students to carry out the process of self-education in the future is highlighted.
 The relevance of the development of self-educational competence of future specialists, in particular of physical and occupational therapy in current conditions of remote studying, was noted.
 It has been established that today's conditions require restructuring the principle of cooperation between teachers and students by reducing classroom classes, devoting more time for independent processing of educational material, as well as optimization of methodical support of the educational process etc.
 The purpose of the research: to theoretically substantiate the need for the formation of self-educational competence in future specialists in physical and occupational therapy during their studies in institutions of higher education.
 Materials and methods: systematic analysis of scientific literature; theoretical generalization and systematization of information about the formation of self-educational competence of future physical and occupational therapy specialists during professional training in higher education institutions.
 As a result of the research, it was concluded that there is a high demand in society for physical and occupational therapists who can independently acquire knowledge and master new methods and technologies.
 That is why it is necessary that their professional self-development training should be carried out during studying in higher education facilities.
 Graduates of higher education institutions must maintain scientific knowledge, effective techniques, and skills that allow them to adapt independently and quickly in a changing information environment.
 We believe that the ability of students to self-educate and the desire to improve their skills contribute to the improvement of the quality of higher education.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПСИХОЕМОЦІЙНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я СТУДЕНТІВ ПІД ЧАС ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ В УКРАЇНІ

The article addresses to an empirical study of the dynamics of psycho-emotional states and self-regulation of students and graduates of higher educational institutions during the first 4 months of the introduction of martial law in Ukraine in the context of studying the possibilities of strengthening psycho-emotional health. The research proved that the psycho-emotional state and indicators of self-regulation significantly worsened among student youth. The results of anxiety diagnostics showed that the dynamics of indicators of high and very high level among the respondents under study is increasing. The dynamics of indicators of a low level of anxiety decreases in the direction of an increase of a high level. A comparative analysis of the experiences of the studied students proved that anxiety and frustration, excitement and anxiety, tension and irritation, aggression, etc., were typical for the interviewees. Students pointed out the subjection to feelings, tendency to mood lability, fatigue, deterioration of sleep quality, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and nervous systems, exacerbation of chronic diseases, occurrence of depressive states. Scientific novelty. The conducted research made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of the psycho-emotional health of students and the dynamics of emotional states and components of self-regulation during the 2-19 weeks of the introduction of martial law in Ukraine. Conclusions. The results of the study showed that the events currently taking place in Ukraine have a psychologically traumatic effect on every Ukrainian. This especially affects students of mature juvenile age. The necessity of developing ways and means of providing psychological assistance and personal support is proven to be important, also as conducting mental and emotionally volitional self-regulation training for students in order to improve general well-being and strengthen psycho-emotional health as a personal resource. Key words: psycho-emotional health, anxiety, worry, self-regulation, emotional stability, students of higher education.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ И ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ИТОГОВОЙ АТТЕСТАЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОГО ИНСТИТУТА В ФОРМАТЕ ДЕМОНСТРАЦИОННОГО ЭКЗАМЕНА

The article reveals the methodological foundations of organizing and conducting the state final certification of students in the format of a demonstration exam. Particular attention is paid to the issue related to the procedure for preparing and implementing a demonstration exam within the disciplines being studied, which is a special type of educational and project research work of a student. The author comes to the conclusion that the demonstration exam as a form of final certification of graduates of higher educational institutions should be widely used, as it allows identifying qualification level of future teaching staff.

Методическая подготовка учителей-дефектологов в Беларуси: состояние и стратегии развития

The widespread dissemination of humanitarian ideas, integration and inclusive processes create new challenges for the professional education of special education teachers. The focus is on methodological training, the ability to work with different children, organizational and methodological heterogeneity. A new social order is the methodological competence of a specialist who does not have just knowledge and skills, but experience in effectively solving the pedagogical problems of students with special education needs. The aim of the article is to identify the state of the methodological competence of Belarusian future special education teachers (graduates of higher educational institutions), to see the features of the existing methodological training, to determine the main strategies for increasing its effectiveness at the national level. The leading method is self-assessment of students’ state of methodological competence. The study involved 578 students from four Belarusian universities. The article describes the structure and content of future teachers’ methodological competence (4th year students) in the context of the ability to implement the educational process in the new conditions of variable educational practice. The research materials allow us to see the problem areas of the existing practice of methodological training in Belarusian universities and to assess the possible directions of its modernization.

PREVENTING THE APPEARANCE OF PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATIONS OF FUTURE PRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONS TEACHERS

The article deals with the problem of preventing occupational burnout, the appearance of professional deformations, counteraction to the negative professiogenesis of future childcare teachers of preschool institutions at the stage of their professional training. It describes specific features of preschool education including high degree of responsibility and psychological stress of childcare teachers’ work, complexity and a significant number of job tasks, intensity of communication, a high probability of emergency situations, etc. By interviewing 54 young childcare teachers (their work experience being up to 3 years) from different regions of Ukraine (Kyiv and Ternopil regions), the author brought into sharp focus the practical urgency of the issue of professional deformation of a specialist. The author has come to the conclusion, that yesterday’s graduates of higher education institutions are not ready for full-fledged professional activities, and, most importantly, they are not able to work effectively and ecologically for themselves, and the issues mentioned by the respondents can be considered prerequisites for the appearance of professional deformations and early occupational burnout. Having generalized scientific representations, the author defines professional deformation of a specialist as an integrative concept covering numerous personal changes caused by specialist’s activities, and which subsides due to this by the appearance of professional destructions in the specialist. The author highlights the essence, causes and consequences of professional burnout of preschool education institutions teachers, their early professional deformation, caused by a number of destructive external and internal factors. The author offers ways to update the content and technologies of professional training, to strengthen partnerships with the best practitioners. The essence and specific features of preparation for early professional adaptation of future childcare teachers are treated as factors of activation of purposeful professional development of an individual, their professional self-disclosure and personal fulfillment, the key to preventing stagnation, deformation and burnout. The author has concluded, that the dynamics of professiogenesis of a specialist is not always positive. Therefore, future preschool institution teachers should be prepared for professional challenges, constructive overcoming of crises, negative factors and deformations. Training of future teachers of preschool education institutions involves not only the development of a sustainable set of competencies, but also the ability to continuously improve themselves, activate their own professional approach, which will ensure the professional effectiveness and reliability of childcare teachers and form a constant, conscious need for this. So, a specially developed system of training applicants for the prevention of professional deformations will intensify the professional purposeful development of an individual. It will ensure the gradual professional self-realization of the future specialists and will be the key to preventing them from stress-induced diseases, destructive changes and breakdowns.

The necessity and expenditure of formation and development of culture of communication in future professionals with higher education

Formulation of the problem. A modern specialist with a higher education, in addition to the required level of professionalism, should be able to negotiate, prevent and resolve conflicts, find an approach to each employee, and the basis for this should be his ability to have a high level of communication culture (the required level of communicative competence). All this has a corresponding effect on the future professional activity and competitiveness of graduates of higher education institutions. The purpose of the article is: determine the theoretical aspects of the formation of a culture of communication and substantiate the need for the formation and development of a culture of communication of future specialists with higher education. Research methods: analysis of psychological, pedagogical and educational and methodological sources of information, as well as legal acts on professional communication and communicative competence of higher education applicants – to determine the level of attention to the problem of communication culture of higher education applicants in the context of the formation of communicative competence in higher education institutions and creation of a theoretical basis for the study; empirical – testing students of different specialties in order to identify the real level of communication culture; conducting conversations with students and scientific and pedagogical workers on the topic of research. The main results of the study. The personal culture of communication of a specialist with higher education is a kind of component of his image and competence, regardless of age, who he is by profession, and what position he holds. Based on the fact that the culture of communication is mandatory in the general cultural and practical plane of training future specialists with higher education, the list of competencies that should be formed in a graduate of a higher education institution was revised in accordance with the methodological recommendations for the development of higher education standards. Based on this, a generalized list of competencies is given, in which communicative competencies are identified that have a direct connection with the culture of professional communication. In the course of the study, an anonymous survey of students was conducted on the basis of three tests: «Are you prone to empathic listening?», M. Snyder's test: «Can you listen?» and «Your communication style» to determine the importance of forming and developing a culture of communication among students. Processing of test results showed that 10% of students are aggressive and unbalanced, often being excessively cruel towards other people; 30% are overly peaceful, due to lack of self-confidence; 60% are moderately aggressive. Conclusions. The level of communication culture of future specialists with higher education is insufficient and does not meet the stated requirements of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. This is especially true for future specialists with higher education in the «person-to-person» system, because their further activities are based directly on communication. A high level of communication culture is a competence that is relevant and insufficient for many, which must be formed and developed along with special (professional, subject) competencies.

Формирование цифровых компетенций при реализации магистерских программ (на примере владивостокских вузов)

The guideline of higher education is aimed at training a highly qualified specialist in accordance with the needs of modern society. The impact of the digital economy on developing the key competencies and training in-demand graduates of higher educational institutions in the regional labor market have been studied. The analysis of scientific articles was carried out, which confirms that excessive fascination with the ideas of digitalization can contribute to a decrease in the teachers’ activity, there is also a risk of reducing the creative potential of students, reducing their mental activity and poor socialization. The process of implementing the master’s programs in the Vladivostok universities (cases of Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service and Maritime State University after admiral G. I. Nevelskoy), developing the key knowledge and skills in the learning process of undergraduates and determining the level of digital competence of students are studied in details. The initial results of empirical studies of the processes involving the subjects of the master’s programs of the universities of Vladivostok are presented. The results of interviewing the teachers of the master’s degree programs and the undergraduates’ survey on using the modern educational technologies in training the undergraduates of universities are reflected. The conclusion is made about the spread of online and interactive learning, project activities and the use of network programs. A study characterizing the level of formation of digital competencies of master’s degree students has been presented.

THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL SELF-ESTEEM ON THE CHOICE OF PROFESSION AND ADAPTATION TO STUDY IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Transformational processes inherent in the economic and political life of Ukrainian society significantly affect the employment process of young people. Today, the main factor of social mobility of young people is the profession, because in a post-industrial society, where the development of advanced technologies leads to serious changes in the organization of work, graduates of higher education institutions need a high level of training and skills. As a result, the problem of career guidance work with young people becomes relevant and acute. Previous research has shown that only 10 % of high school students adequately assess their capabilities and are serious about choosing a future specialty. In most cases, the motives for choosing a profession were as follows: 25 % of students choose a profession on the advice of friends; 17 % on the advice of parents; 10 % of students choose a profession under the influence of the media; others are guided by interest in thecontent of labor The aim of the study is to determine the influence of social-psychological and personal factors on the process of professional adaptation of students majoring in “Social Work” and “Psychology” at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Psychology and Social Work of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University and prospects for further research. So, as we can see from the above results, the number of students with low adaptive abilities is close to the number of freshmen who answered that their choice of futureprofession was random. We were also able to partially confirm the hypothesis that individuals who have chosen a profession, guided by interest in the content of work and careful analysis of their capabilities, adapt much faster to the environment and learning conditions.

To the question of formation of intercultural communicative competence in professional education

Formation of intercultural communicative competence in a future specialist is an urgent problem of modern professional education. Problems of training graduates of higher educational institutions who are able to solve communicative and professional tasks in an international context are considered in the article from the position of competence-based approach. It is shown that intercultural communicative competence has an integrative nature and it is a complex interdisciplinary problem. The structure and components of intercultural communicative competence, its cultural and anthropological aspect, which is no less important than the linguistic one, are analyzed. It is substantiated that competence-based approach sets the goal for teaching foreign languages to form a linguistic personality capable of going beyond their own culture, but saving own cultural identity. The European experience in the formation of competencies that an applicant for education must master in order to be able to communicate productively in a foreign language in a broad social and professional context is analyzed. It is concluded that in order to form intercultural communicative competence among students of non-linguistic specialties, it is necessary to improve methods of teaching foreign language, to acquaint students with history, modern reality, culture, way of life, and style of behavior of the country which language is being studied. It is also advisable to include elective disciplines in the curricula such as basics of theory of intercultural communication, theory of discourse, theory of argumentation, etc.