Graduate Text Research Articles

Application of novel nanostructured dinitropyrazine molten salt catalyst for the synthesis of sulfanylpyridines via anomeric based oxidation

1,4-Dinitropyrazine-1,4-diium trinitromethanide {[1,4-pyrazine-NO2][C(NO2)3]2} as a novel nanostructured molten salt (NMS) catalyzed the synthesis of 2-amino-3,5-dicarbonitrile-6-sulfanylpyridine derivatives via the one-pot three-component condensation reaction between several aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile and benzyl mercaptan at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The synthesized NMS catalyst was fully characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13CNMR, mass, thermal gravimetric, X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The major advantages of described methodology are mildness, ease of separation, good yields and short reaction times. A rational mechanism was suggested for the final step of the 2-amino-3,5-dicarbonitrile-6-sulfanylpyridines synthesis. We think that the proposed mechanism has potential for entering into the graduate text book in the future.

James K. Luiselli: High Risk Challenging Behaviors in People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

High Risk Challenging Behaviors in People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) focuses on increasing one’s understanding of a variety of high risk, challenging behaviors in individuals diagnosed with IDD. The text analyzes existing as well as upcoming empirically-based assessment methods and programming to reduce such behaviors in a broad population, including children, adolescents, and adults. Behaviors include self-injury, aggression, sexual offending, health-threatening eating disorders, and criminal behavior. The book is written as a reference for a wide variety of human service professionals, including social workers, psychologists, special educators, and administrators in rehabilitation settings. Luiselli [6, 7] expresses the desire to have this book used as an advanced undergraduate and graduate text for interns in training sites. The intention is to not only educate readers about each high risk-behavior, but also teach methods of assessment and how to create personalized rehabilitation programs to ensure that individuals of all ages with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities can remain in the least restrictive environment. The specified environments include but are not limited to schools, group homes, supported worksites, and rehabilitation centers. As much as possible, the authors of each chapter foster a preventative stance on the aforementioned behaviors. Each section includes an initial chapter that examines the research as to why individuals with IDD may engage in the particular high risk, challenging behavior. Unlike many psychological texts that focus on the environment as playing a significant role in behavior, a number of introductory chapters to challenging behaviors take the topic a step further by discussing the research regarding possible biological bases of such behaviors. In the first chapter on self-injurious behavior (SIB), Symons and Kennedy [11] discuss the possibility that one factor relating to the biological basis might be that the normal homeostatic mechanisms regulating autonomic arousal is disordered in some individuals with IDD. Gardner et al. [2] also cite research that suggests aggressive behaviors toward others, if

Analysis of biological networks

Analysis of biological networks

Ball-preserving Möbius transformations in infinite dimension

In this article, we study the ball-preserving Möbius transformations in infinite dimension. After introducing the hyperbolic metric, we get two necessary and sufficient conditions, one for the ball-preserving property of Möbius transformations in infinite dimension and the other for being isometries in the unit ball of infinite dimension with respect to the hyperbolic metric. We also generalize the distortion theorem in A.F. Beardon (The geometry of Discrete Groups, Graduate Text in Mathematics, Vol. 91, Springer, New York, 1983) to infinite dimension.

Fundamentals of mathematical logic

This introductory graduate text covers modern mathematical logic from propositional, first-order and infinitary logic and Godel's Incompleteness Theorems to extensive introductions to set theory, model theory and recursion (computability) theory. Based on the author's more than 35 years of teaching experience, the book develops students' intuition by presenting complex ideas in the simplest context for which they make sense. The book is appropriate for use as a classroom text, for self-study, and as a reference on the state of modern logic.

Review of The Development and Treatment of Girlhood Aggression.

DEBRA J. PEPLER, KIRSTEN C. MADSEN, CHRISTOPHER D. WEBSTER, and KATHRYN S. LEVENE (Eds.) The Development and Treatment of Girlhood Aggression Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005, 336 pages (ISBN 0-8058-4039-7, CDN$87.96 Cloth) Reviewed by ISABELA GRANIC This edited volume represents a compilation of papers that were presented at a 1999 symposium on girls' aggression and includes all the presenters in that symposium as well as several additional authors who contributed chapters or commentaries. It includes the pioneering work of a prestigious set of international scholars who have recently turned their research lens towards the burgeoning field of girls' aggressive behaviour. The general objectives of the book are to 1) provide up-to-date information about what is known about aggressive girls, 2) discuss prevention and intervention implications, and 3) raise new questions for future research. The collective authors meet these goals admirably. It is an ambitious volume covering a wide array of issues, disciplines and developmental phases. Each of the chapters is well written and thoughtful, highlighting current research knowledge and the large number of questions still to be answered through future studies. After each of the five sections of the book, a commentary is provided by some of the most prominent researchers in the field. On the whole, these commentaries are extremely useful in contextualizing each chapter and highlighting the key strengths, limitations, controversies, and implications associated with the papers. Aggressive girls have long been overlooked in the research literature and this set of papers makes a compelling case for why this should be, and is, no longer the case. The book provides a comprehensive sweep of what is currently known about the development and treatment of girls' aggression and, thus, it would make an excellent graduate text for students studying developmental psychopathology and clinical psychology, particularly those interested in childhood aggression and sex differences. Throughout the various chapters, a number of related themes emerge. Although these themes may be important for understanding aggression in boys as well, the authors argue convincingly that these issues are particularly salient and provide stronger predictive power for girls' aggression. First, it is clear to most of the volume's contributors that girls' aggressive behaviour should be understood and studied as a relationship problem. As highlighted in the chapters by Pepler and Madsen, Pepler and Craig, Miller-Johnson, and colleagues, Xie and colleagues, Artz, and Levene and colleagues, the most important factors that promote, maintain, and amplify aggression in girls all point to difficulties in core relationships. These relationships include those with parents, siblings, friends, peer groups, and romantic partners. A second theme that re-emerges throughout the various chapters is the importance of understanding the developmental context within which girls' aggression is embedded. The risks, long-term outcomes, and treatment implications differ substantially for 2-3-year-old girls who are physically aggressive (discussed by Baillargeon, Tremblay, & Wilms), adolescent girls who engage in fierce forms of social aggression (examined by Xie, Cairns, & Cairns as well as Artz), and antisocial women who become mothers to at-risk children (discussed by Zoccolillo and colleagues and Stack and colleagues). A third theme that is highlighted by several authors is the transactional, interactional nature of girls' aggression. That is, aggressive behaviour in these troubled girls' lives develops through a confluence of intraindividual factors, including hyperactivity/inattention, early pubertal development and social cognitions, which reciprocally and iteratively interact with risky environmental contexts such as poor parenting practices, sexual abuse, aggressive siblings, and antisocial peer contexts. The chapter by Pepler and Craig makes this point most explicitly, but the interactional framework is evident in the majority of the contributions. …

New Visions on Form and Growth

It is now nearly 90 years since the publication of D'Arcy Thompson's book On Growth and Form, a classic work that attempted a unification of pattern-forming phenomena in systems ranging from inanimate to living matter. Thompson's book came early in the development of mathematical techniques in biology. His work has had enormous influence in succeeding decades and has helped inspire the rapid growth in the application of theoretical techniques to biological phenomena. Pelce's book New Visions on Form and Growth takes its inspiration and title directly from D'Arcy Thompson. Furthermore, Pelce attempts what could not be achieved in D'Arcy Thompson's time, namely the presentation of a quantitative analysis of pattern forming phenomena. However, it should be emphasised that the vast majority of this book is concerned with inanimate matter, with rather little discussion of biology. The book begins with a presentation of the basic physics, including surface tension, first-order phase transition kinetics and a brief outline of chemical kinetics. With the essential physics established, Pelce then investigates simple growth forms, before showing how these regular geometries are destabilized into more complex forms by instabilities. The problem of velocity selection of growing patterns is then extensively discussed, before the question of (secondary) instabilities of the more complex growth forms is analysed. A chapter on stochastic patterns is also included. For the most part, the book concentrates on a few intensively studied pattern forming systems in physics, particularly viscous fingering in Hele–Shaw cells, the growth of dendrites, electrodeposition, flames, and, in the chapter on stochastic patterns, diffusion-limited aggregation. Only in a rather brief final chapter is a more speculative link made with biological pattern formation and morphogenesis. In general, I found the book to be a useful reference work on the theory of pattern forming systems. However, the presentation is quite advanced, at the level of a graduate text, and newcomers to the field may in places have difficulty following the arguments. For example, the subtle topic of the renormalization group is rather abruptly introduced in the discussion of interface structures. Furthermore, the presentation is not helped by some typographical errors in the equations. Curiously for a book on pattern formation, there is rather little discussion of reaction–diffusion systems, or of Turing-type instabilities. I also found the discussion of biological systems in the final chapter to be too brief and speculative to be really useful. This subject is vast and it would have been worthwhile to attempt a more comprehensive review of pattern formation in biology to link it more concretely with the simpler and better understood pattern-forming systems in physics. Nevertheless, Pelce's book is worthwhile and forms a useful addition to the literature on pattern formation in physics and biology.

Robots and Screw Theory: Applications of Kinematics and Statics to Robotics

<i>Robots and Screw Theory: Applications of Kinematics and Statics to Robotics</i>

Attachment Issues in Psychopathology and Intervention.

LESLIE ATKINSON and SUSAN GOLDBERG (Eds.) Attachment Issues in Psychopathology and Intervention Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004, 312 pages (ISBN 0-8058-3693-4, US$45.00, Cloth) John Bowlby's seminal work on and loss explored the development and means by which bonds of affection are formed and broken. His theory of behaviours - those that increase proximity to a preferred individual - was based on his observations of children in clinical and institutional settings who displayed disturbed or maladjusted behaviours. While the principles of theory have a strong clinical basis, over the years the focus of attachment-based work has tended to emphasize the implications rather than the applications of attachment-based research resulting in little relevant clinical data. Ten contributions from academics and clinicians discuss clinical aspects of theory in Attachment Issues in Psychopathology and Intervention. Atkinson and Goldberg state in the preface that their intention in editing this collection was to push forward thinking about the clinical aspects of theory. This goal peeked my interest. As I work through the transition from graduate school's thinking about attachment-based issues from a research perspective, to full-time employment in a more clinical setting, I am becoming acutely aware of how challenging it is to bridge the implicationsapplication gap. During this period I have found myself wondering how the enormous attachment-research body can inform my own clinical work from both assessment and intervention perspectives. I found the breadth of coverage in this work a worthy attempt at providing this link. In their selection of focus for this volume, the editors have undertaken a large task in terms of the range of psychological difficulties covered, the developmental span across life stages (infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood), and the application of the content (risk, psychopathology, and intervention) . The content of this book is split between psychopathology and intervention-based chapters with the first half focusing on issues related to and the development of disorders of attachment across three age groups - infants, young children, and adolescents. The second chapter provides an overview of and psychopathology from a developmental construct perspective and highlights key issues to consider, a good basis for a graduate text on this topic. Similarly, the chapter on adolescent psychopathology provides a broad perspective and more theoretical review of behavioural systems and research. However, the data presented in the subsequent chapters relating to issues of infants' failure to thrive, and hostile-helpless relationship models in young children and their parents, were a more compelling and novel read. The second half of this book pushed the intervention agenda and provided more directly relevant information for the clinician or scientist-practitioner, from both an assessment and intervention perspective. The last two chapters were particularly strong. Sue Johnson's presentation of couples therapy using Emotionally-focused Therapy, provides an excellent parallel presentation of how working models of affect the strategies that people used when faced with trauma. …

Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach

Introduction * Information and Likelihood Theory: A Basis for Model Selection and Inference * Basic Use of the Information-Theoretic Approach * Formal Inference From More Than One Model: Multi-Model Inference (MMI) * Monte Carlo Insights and Extended Examples * Statistical Theory and Numerical Results * Summary

Radiation Heat Transfer: A Statistical Approach

1R48. Radiation Heat Transfer: A Statistical Approach. - JR Mahan (Dept of Mech Eng, VPI, Blacksburg VA). Wiley, New York. 2002. 482 pp. CD-Rom included. ISBN 0-471-21270-9. $120.00.Reviewed by JD Felske (Dept of Mech and Aero Eng, SUNY, 330 Jarvis Hall, Buffalo NY 14260-4400).The topics covered in this graduate text are mostly the same as in other texts on thermal radiation heat transfer. What differs are the emphases given to the various subjects and the style of the written presentation. The text is divided into three approximately equal-size parts: Part I, Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation; Part II, Traditional Methods of Radiation Heat Transfer Analysis; and Part III, The Monte Carlo Ray-Trace Method. There are also four Appendices: A) Atomic dipole radiation; B) Use of the (CD-ROM) Mie scattering code; C) Use of the (CD-ROM) FELIX ray-trace program; and D) Random number generation and autoregression. Part I treats the physics and thermodynamics of electromagnetic radiation plus the definitions used in thermal transport analysis. Two features distinguish the presentation in this text: the detailed discussion devoted to electromagnetic dipole radiation and the consideration of radiation pressure in the context of the seminal thermodynamic “thought experiments” of Bartoli and Boltzmann. On the other hand, it was surprising that the topic of optically thin films was not included, particularly since there is an entire chapter devoted to wave phenomena. Particularly in Part I, but also throughout the entire text, two other distinctive aspects of this text are seen. One is the style of the prose with which it is written. The narrative is generally a bit softer than the usual stark presentation found in most advanced scientific monographs. Using this style, concepts are discussed in ways that engage the reader. As a consequence, descriptions turn out to be lengthier, but also friendlier, and probably clearer to the student first encountering these topics. The other distinguishing feature is the end of chapter applications suggested for enhancing understanding. These are always divided into three categories: Team Projects, Discussion Points, and Problems. The applications usually involve analysis of radiative transport phenomena in actual engineering/scientific devices and systems. Students should find them interesting.In Part II, enclosure theory is discussed in the traditional way. However, only the radiosity formulation is given. The practically useful heat flux-temperature form is not, nor is the absorption factor formulation, which is particularly useful in thermal design. The discussion of configuration factors also omits some useful approaches: the crossed-string method, the unit-sphere method, and the cylinder/sphere source rules. This abbreviated Part II presentation is consistent with the author’s enthusiasm for the Monte Carlo Ray-Trace (MCRT) approach, which is the subject of Part III, two appendices and part of the CD). Unlike other introductory radiation textbooks which give, at most, a cursory presentation of MCRT, this text gives considerably more detail. A number of problems are formulated in detail in order to illustrate the concepts upon which this approach is based. Overall, this reviewer found Radiation Heat Transfer: A Statistical Approach to be an interesting presentation of this topic—one which students will probably enjoy. As the author says in the Preface: it “is a book written for students rather than for professors.”

Computational Methods in Environmental Fluid Mechanics

11R59. Computational Methods in Environmental Fluid Mechanics. - O Kolditz (Center for Appl Geosci, Univ of Tubingen, Sigwartstr 10, Tubingen, D-72076, Germany). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 2002. 378 pp. ISBN 3-540-42895-X. $54.95.Reviewed by LA Glenn (Computational Phys Group, Geophys Div, MS L-200, LLNL, 7000 East Ave, Livermore CA 94550-9900).This is intended to be a graduate-level textbook for students in civil and environmental engineering. It is organized into four parts: Continuum Mechanics, Numerical Methods, Software Engineering, and Selected Topics. The first part considers the general balance equations of mass, momentum, and energy; averaging concepts for turbulence; a discussion of porous media; and the mathematical and physical classification of the partial differential equations (PDEs) governing fluid flow and related transport processes. The second part deals with basic concepts for solving PDEs; concepts of approximation theory; and a description of finite difference, finite element, and finite volume methods, with application to diffusion, advection, and transport processes. This material spans roughly half of the book and, while reasonably well organized, really covers no new ground that is not readily available in numerous other standard texts on fluid mechanics. In fact, the roughly 100 pages focusing on numerical methods affords only quite skimpy treatment of many important topics that would be required before a student could reasonably be expected to apply these methods to actual problems. In Parts 3 and 4, by contrast, this book breaks new ground. The author believes that object-oriented programing methods are important tools for modeling complex systems, and Part 3 is an introduction to these methods and their application to coupled processes in subsurface systems (geomechanics, single and multiphase flows, heat and mass transport, and chemical and biological processes). Unfortunately, Part 3 covers only 40 pages so that, here again, one gets only the most meager treatment of the subject. This reviewer found himself wishing that Parts 1 and 2 had been dispensed with and this part extended accordingly. The last part of the book is divided into four chapters, each of which is a fairly self-contained segment dealing with problems of particular interest to the author: nonlinear flow in fractured media, heat transport in fractured porous media, density dependent flow in porous media, and multiphase flow in deformable porous media. On each topic, there is a nice introduction to its relevance in environmental fluid mechanics, a description of the governing equations and approximations, an outline of the numerical scheme employed for solution, comparison of solution results with experimental data, and a bibliography giving relevant papers and background material. Computational Methods in Environmental Fluid Mechanics is well illustrated throughout, and the text and mathematical derivations are clear and relatively easy to follow. One complaint, a minor one to be sure, is that the index is arranged rather poorly so that some topics are hard to locate. Although it may serve as a useful reference, the use of this book as a graduate text in computational fluid mechanics is problematical since many important practical issues arising in the application of the numerical methods are either ignored or given only very skimpy treatment.

Two Classical Surprises Concerning the Axiom of Choice and the Continuum Hypothesis

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsLeonard GillmanLEONARD GILLMAN held a piano fellowship at the Juilliard Graduate School for five years before spending nine years in Naval Operations Research and then completing his Ph.D. at Columbia University in transfinite numbers under the direction of E. R. Lorch and the unofficial direction of Alfred Tarski (UC Berkeley). He then taught at Purdue, Rochester, and Texas for a total of thirty-five years (including two on leave at the Institute for Advanced Study), retiring in 1987. He is the author of two MAA booklets, You'll Need Math (1967), for high school students, and Writing Mathematics Well (1987), for authors; coauthor with R. H. McDowell of a calculus text (1973, 1978), and coauthor with Meyer Jerison of Rings of Continuous Functions (1960, 1976), a graduate text. He was MAA Treasurer for thirteen years (1973-86) and President for the canonical two (1987-89). He received a Lester R. Ford award for his paper “An axiomatic approach to the integral” in this Monthly (January 1993, pp. 16–25) and the 1999 Gung-Hu Award for Distinguished Service to Mathematics. He has performed at the piano at five national meetings and several MAA section meetings.

Geometric modeling with splines: an introduction

Written by researchers who have helped found and shape the field, this book is a definitive introduction to geometric modeling. The authors present all of the necessary techniques for curve and surface representations in computer-aided modeling with a focus on how the techniques are used in design. They achieve a balance between mathematical rigor and broad applicability. Appropriate for readers with a moderate degree of mathematical maturity, this book is suitable as an undergraduate or graduate text, or particularly as a resource for self-study.

A Conversaton with Leo Breiman

Leo Breiman was born in New York City on January 27, 1928. His parents and he migrated five years later to San Francisco where he began school. During Leo's junior high school years, his family moved again, to Los Angeles. Leo graduated from Roosevelt High School in 1945 and entered the California Institute of Technology, from which he graduated four years later with a major in physics. He earned his Master's Degree in mathematics at Columbia University in 1950 and his Ph.D. in Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley in 1954. Leo has broad ranging scientific and mathematical interests, including information theory and the theory of gambling. He has been involved in applications coming from studies of automobile traffic, air quality and toxic substance recognition. He is the author of a celebrated graduate text on probability theory, is one of four authors of Classification and Regression Trees and its associated CARTR software and has also written two other books. With Jerome Friedman, Leo developed the ACE (alternating conditional expectations) algorithm by which nonlinear relationships between the dependent variable and predictor variables in regression are described. He is the originator of “bagging” and “arcing,” both computer­intensive approaches to classification that are of much current interest. Leo's professional positions have included being on the faculty of the Department of Mathematics at UCLA, an independent consultant for 13 years and Professor of Statistics and founding Director of the Statistical Computing Facility at the University of California, Berkeley. In addition, he has had visiting positions at Stanford and at Yale. For his many contributions, Leo has been honored by Fellowship in the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and in the American Statistical Association. He is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and received the Berkeley Citation from the University of California. The interests and accomplishments of Leo Breiman extend outside the areas of professional statistician and probabilist. He was a waiter in the Catskills, a dishwasher in the Merchant Marine, a trekker into the heart of rainforest Africa, an active father to many children from a small agrarian Mexican village, a member and President of the Santa Monica School Board, the architect of his stunning home and an accomplished sculptor. Leo and his wife, Mary Lou, reside in Berkeley. He is the father of two daughters, Rebecca and Jessica.

Journeys Beyond the Standard Model

This book should be at the side of every particle and nuclear physics graduate student and professional. Journeys Beyond the Standard Model starts with a detailed and modern account of the Standard Model of elementary particle physics, the paradigm of particle physics for the last twenty years. Its timely release coincides with the recent dramatic discovery that the neutrino has a finite mass, which is the first indication that the Standard Model is an incomplete description of fundamental physics at short distances. This book presents in detail three possible generalizations of the Standard Model: its extension to accommodate neutrino masses; its extension to avoid CP violation in the strong interactions by introducing a new particle, the axion; and finally, its generalization to low-energy supersymmetry, which provides a link between the standard model and Einstein's theory of general relativity.This graduate text complements the author's previous book, Modern Field Theory: A Primer, which focuses on the methodology of particle physics. Its aim is to give students and professional physicists alike a thorough understanding of the phenomena described by the Standard Model, while keeping track of the most recent and cutting-edge principles of elementary particle physics.

Statistical Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory (Hecht, Charles E.)

Acceptable for either a graduate text or as a text for part of a rigorous undergraduate physical chemistry sequence. The text assumes a familiarity with the thermodynamics and quantum mechanics covered in a typical undergraduate physical chemistry sequence as well as a knowledge of calculus.

Book Review: An introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and its Applications Second Edition, 1997 by Ming Li and Paul Vitanyi (Springer (Graduate Text Series))

article Free Access Share on Book Review: An introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and its Applications Second Edition, 1997 by Ming Li and Paul Vitanyi (Springer (Graduate Text Series)) Reviewer: William Gasarch View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGACT NewsVolume 28Issue 3Sept. 1997 pp 37–40https://doi.org/10.1145/262301.1040343Published:01 September 1997Publication History 0citation177DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads177Last 12 Months16Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

Bringing experimental learning to the social sciences: A simulation laboratory on economic development

AbstractThis article explores the possibility of introducing experimental learning into the social science disciplines through use of custom‐built experimental media drawing on the system dynamics method. Such learning would essentially require integration of interactive simulation with text materials. A simulation laboratory consisting of a book on issues of economic development and user‐friendly simulation software, developed by the author, is presented as an example of such media. This package may be suitable for use as a graduate text that integrates theory and practicum or as a professional reference tool. The integration of practicum into the teaching of the social sciences would, however, not only require creating new text materials and software suitable for use by students with little computer or mathematics expertise but also modifying teaching formats to accommodate practicum.

Case studies in autism: a young child and two adolescents

These case studies are intended as graduate text for student therapists. The goal of the study is to better understand the bio-social nature of autism and to explicate the autistic process. The case studies are based on four years of research and make use of the subjects' expression in art.