Government Targets Research Articles

Real-world effectiveness of primary care psychological therapy for depression and anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease

Abstract Background Depression and anxiety are often inadequately treated in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), despite mental health issues being associated with poorer quality of life, higher cardiovascular morbidity, and higher mortality. Talking therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, are the recommended first-line treatment for depression and anxiety symptoms in CHD patients. However, the evidence for their effectiveness was considered low in a recent Cochrane review, and trial participants may not represent patients treated in routine clinical settings. Purpose To assess the effectiveness of routinely-delivered talking therapies in patients with CHD from nationwide primary care talking therapy services in England, and to compare their treatment outcomes to patients without a CHD diagnosis. Methods Healthcare records from 1.9 million patients who completed a course of treatment (≥2 treatment sessions) via NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression (NHS TTad) between 2012-2019 were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics, the Mental Health Services Data Set, and death records. Standard NHS TTad outcome indicators (recovery, reliable improvement, and reliable deterioration) were examined in three groups, with (1) any CHD (n=41,317; ICD-10=I20-I25), (2) acute coronary syndromes (ACS, n=29,991; I21, I22, I20.0), and (3) chronic CHD (n=40,524; I20.1-I20.9, I23-I25) at baseline. Effect sizes for pre-post treatment changes in depression and anxiety symptom measures (PHQ-9 and GAD-7) were calculated using the adapted Cohen’s d for within-subjects design (dav). Outcomes were also compared to those of propensity-score matched control groups without the relevant diagnoses, using logistic regression. Results After completing a course of talking therapy, 49.8% (95%CI=49.3;50.3) of patients with CHD recovered from depression or anxiety, 69.4% (95%CI=69.0;69.9) saw reliable improvement in symptoms, and 7.3% (95%CI=7.0;7.5) experienced reliable deterioration in symptoms. There were large reductions in both depression (dav=-1.02) and anxiety symptoms (dav=-1.03) on average. Compared to a control sample of patients with no diagnosis of CHD, those with a CHD diagnosis were less likely to recover (OR=0.87[95%CI=0.84;0.89]) or reliably improve (OR=0.84[95%CI=0.81;0.87]) and more likely to reliably deteriorate (OR=1.28[95%CI=1.21;1.36]), when matched on age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, baseline depression and anxiety symptom scores, self-reported long-term health condition, and waiting times between referral, assessment, and treatment. The findings were consistent for patients with ACS and those with chronic CHD. Conclusions Nearly half of CHD patients who received primary care talking therapy recovered, in line with the UK Government target of 50% recovery for the services. Nevertheless, compared to otherwise similar patients without CHD, those with CHD at baseline had worse psychological treatment outcomes.

Why aren't we teaching this? Smart local energy systems and the young person's perspective

AbstractWith the UK government's target of Net Zero by 2050, alongside the rising cost of energy in the UK, it is imperative that public opinion aligns with and promotes affordable, greener energy systems. Within this dialogue, young people's voices and lived experience are needed to deepen the impact of energy policy intervention strategies. This article stresses the importance of a formal curriculum that informs future generations on the subjects of Smart Local Energy Systems (SLES), and the digitalisation advances of energy systems. This paper explores the development of a toolkit to educate and engage young people in these subjects and reviews young people's attitudes and understanding from three schools in England, UK. We find through an interpretive qualitative analysis of both images drawn by the young people, and insights gathered from focus groups, that (i) for these young people, SLES are a useful innovation regarding energy management and distribution, (ii) young people recognise that the education system as it currently stands is not aware of, or informed by smart energy technologies and (iii) that despite being a generation that is the most integrated with personal assistance technology, these young people have significant concerns over the reliability and safety of AI in SLES. These findings are set alongside calls for widespread education in key stages 4 and 5 (ages 14–18) around the subject of SLES, and their benefits to wider society, thereby enabling a future that empowers young people to make change, encourage engineering and computer science‐based career options and secure a fairer, cleaner, sustainable energy transition in the future.

A Guideline for Local Elderly Policy Development in Thailand

In previous local elder policy research, most studies were fragmented with only some subjects or some steps in the policy process and attention to the local policy process not included explicitly. This article aims to analyze Thai local elderly policy formulation, implementation and evaluation and to propose guidelines for Thai local elderly policy development. This was a qualitative study. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 40 key informants from 5 local case studies and 8 national organizations, as well as observations and documentary studies. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and analytic induction. For the policy content dimensions, the guidelines of policy content development of the case studies aim to make senior citizens happy, self-sufficient, and physically and mentally healthy. The means to achieve this are comprised of the following:1) an economic, career, and income stability dimension; 2) a health dimension; and 3) a social dimension. For the policy process dimensions, the guideline of policy formulation comprises of the following: the related national policy dimension, including developing the mindset of policy actors, developing the content of policies with clarity that is up-to-date and congruent with key agreements or related principles, and developing a participation process and communication of the policy. The local policy dimension is locally aged society strategic planning based on strategic management and objectives and key results (OKRs) derived from the results of data analysis, integration of public policy theory, resource-based view in strategic management theory, and objective and key results to reduce the limitations of the public policy theory and model. This comprises developing policy actors’ mindsets, competencies, and motivations, collecting information, creating participation for analyzing and formulating direction, and making local elderly society strategic plans. The guidelines of policy implementation comprise the following: creating knowledge and understanding, organizing a central organization, implementing a strategic plan, formulating strategies for implementing and integrating amicable coordination of networks, seeking and allocating tangible and intangible resources, developing competencies of local government personnel, network partners, and target groups, creating and developing a culture supporting the aged society, and creating internal and external motivation. The guidelines of policy evaluation comprise the following: the development of the evaluation competency, the growth and ethical mindset, and the development of a participatory local policy evaluation system. Based on the results of this study, the guidelines focus on the intangible resources, the internal motivation, the mindset of policy actors, the coordination and strength of networks, and the upper-level policy factors.

GROWTH MONITORING TRAINING AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT FOR PRESCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF STUNTING OVERCOMING

The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia fell from 24.4% in 2021 to 21.6% in 2022. The stunting figure is still quite high compared to the government's target of 14% in 2024. Stunting is one of the government's priority programs, considering the impact of stunting on the quality of human resources is very large. PAUD/Kindergarten teachers academically have the potential intellectual abilities to provide input on the importance of children's growth, in addition to children's abilities or intelligence. The service activities aim to increase the capacity of PAUD/TK teachers in monitoring children's growth and development according to standards The activity method is training in monitoring the growth and development of early childhood. Activities in collaboration with partners, namely HIMPAUDI, Sunyaragi District and Sunyaragi Community Health Center, Cirebon City. Collaboration by sharing resources between study programs and partners. The measuring parameters use the pre-post knowledge and ability values ​​of participants in carrying out practical assignments to monitor growth and development in child cases. This activity is expected to increase the capacity of PAUD teachers in monitoring the growth and development of their students according to standards. This activity was carried out at the HIMPAUDI Secretariat, Cirebon City, attended by 25 PAUD teachers representing 5 (five) sub-districts in Cirebon City. As a result of this training activity, PAUD teachers understand better about anthropometric measurements, growth and development of early childhood based on the results of the pre and post test scores carried out. The teachers were very enthusiastic about participating in the training until it was finished. The outputs that have been created are training modules, activity videos, publication drafts in newspaper media and publication journals in the Community Service Journal in the process of being prepared.

Producer services agglomeration and low-carbon economic transition: the role of economic growth target constraint

Abstract Objective. Producer services are an intermediate input factor that permeates every link in the industrial production chain and is essential to the growth of a low-carbon economy. This study aims to elucidate the connection between producer services agglomeration (PSA) and low-carbon economic transition. Methods. Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2004 to 2021, we empirically test the influence of PSA on low-carbon economic transition using a two-way fixed effects model, and utilize government work reports to construct an indicator of economic growth target constraints and its characteristics to further explore its moderating effect. Results. PSA contributes to enhancing low-carbon economic transition. The heterogeneity test finds that PSA significantly helps low-carbon economic transition in the east and west regions, but not in the central region. The quantile regression findings demonstrate that PSA is more effective at raising the level of low-carbon economic transition at the 10th and 90th quantiles, which indicates that the carbon reduction and efficiency enhancement effects of PSA play a greater role in regions with lower and higher low-carbon economic transition levels. Further research presents that the economic growth target constraint negatively moderates PSA’s impact on low-carbon economic transition, but this constraint characterized by soft constraints strengthens the positive effect of PSA on low-carbon economic transition. Implications. In view of this, the government can foster PSA in accordance with local conditions, optimize agglomeration area layout, and establish a scientific and reasonable government target management system to strengthen low-carbon and high-quality economic development.

Identifying the effect of adding coconut coir on the characteristics of the top layer of pure natural buton asphalt concrete wearing course (AC-WC)

Buton Asphalt is natural asphalt originating from Buton Island (Indonesia), with the potential deposit amount reaching up to 662 million tons. This substantial domestic mining potential must be utilized for domestic road needs and to boost the country's economy. However, Buton asphalt's utilization is minimal compared with imported oil asphalt, which reached a usage rate of up to 94 % in 2022. Therefore, as a form of a solution-oriented policy, Buton asphalt is included as one of the 21 commodities in the Strategic Roadmap for Downstream Investment in Indonesia, followed by various supportive regulations for developing this Buton asphalt product. One of the leading products the government targets is natural pure Buton asphalt. This product consists of >99 % bitumen content after extraction, also called Pure Buton Asphalt. The idea was to modify pure Buton asphalt with coconut coir to increase the Marshall Stability and Dynamic Stability values to make the asphalt mixture more resistant to vehicle loads and rutting. The tests were conducted to determine the optimum asphalt content (OAC) of the mixtures, Marshall's Stability comparison, and the dynamic stability test using a Wheel Tracking Machine to identify the comparison of permanent deformation. This study analyzed the Marshall characteristics and dynamic stability characteristics with variations in coconut coir content of 0.5 %, 0.75 %, and 1 % by weight of asphalt and variations in coconut coir length of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm. Based on the results of this study, the optimum asphalt content in this study is 6.76 %, where pure Buton Asphalt modified with coconut coir has an increase in Marshall's stability value and dynamic stability value compared to pure Buton asphalt without additional coconut coir

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF PERSONAL FINANCIAL NEED, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, ECONOMIC INSTABILITY AND FINANCIAL TARGETS ON POTENTIAL FINANCIAL SHENANIGANS RISKS

Financial report are a form of communication between companies and stakeholders. Financial shenanigans are action that deliberately damage the reported financial performance and financial condition of a company. This research uses secondary data with quantitative methods, with the type of data in the form of company documents, namely financial reports, balance sheets and profit and los reports for retail sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the Malaysia Stock Exchange. The sample research method used was purposive sampling. Personal financial need has a positive effect on the potential risk of financial shenanigans, corporate governance and financial target has a negative effect on the potential risk of financial shenanigans, and economic instability has not effect on the potential risk of financial shenanigans. Future research are expected to be able to use different research methodes from previous research, with the aim of finding out how the independent variable influences the dependent variable.

Fritter packaging design to increase the sustainability of micro, small, and medium enterprises

Fritter is the traditional food of the people in Indonesia and is very popular and well-liked because of their crunchy, delicious taste, not to mention the affordable price. Fritters are generally sold by street hawkers, a type of business categorized as micro-enterprises. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, fritter sellers have experienced a drastic drop in sales, because buyers doubt the hygiene of the fritter offered, especially the packaging used. Micro, small, and medium enterprises are the target of the Indonesian government to be supported and empowered. To maintain the sustainability of their business, the efforts that can be made are to design packaging that ensures food hygiene and accommodates customer needs. The design of packaging for the fritter is done based on interviews and the Quality Function Deployment method to accommodate customer needs. The new packaging is designed using thin cardboard covered with kitchen tissue. This packaging improves the function of ordinary packaging, which is more hygienic, absorbs oil and moisture, can be closed tightly, is more durable, and can store leftovers that are not eaten immediately. The packaging is also more eco-friendly because it eliminates the use of plastic bags. Not much research has been done on fritter packaging, so this research is expected to contribute to providing better fritter packaging.

Evaluation Analysis of Small Capacity Rooftop Solar Electricity (PLTS) Development Plans at PT Pertamina Gas

Solar Power Plant (PLTS) is one type of new and renewable energy (EBT) generated from the Sun. Indonesia is a country that has considerable solar energy development potential of 4.8 Kw h/m2, but currently its utilization is still very low at only 0.01%. This study aims to evaluate the development plan of small-capacity rooftop solar power plants at oil and gas facilities owned by PT Pertamina Gas (Pertagas). This study uses PVSyst and Helioscope software to analyze the potential and efficiency of rooftop solar power plants. The results show that the planned installation of small-capacity rooftop solar power plants (±0.15 kW) in several Pertagas operational areas can support electricity supply for oil and gas distribution in Indonesia. The utilization of solar energy, which is one of the new renewable energy (EBT), is expected to increase the national energy mix in accordance with the government's target. This research provides evaluation and recommendations for the development of rooftop solar power plants at oil and gas facilities to support national energy independence and security.

Role of hydrogen fuel cells in achieving road transport decarbonization: A case study from Taiwan

This study assesses the integration of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) to support Taiwan's 2050 net-zero emissions goal. Using life cycle assessments and vehicle fleet modeling, we analyze hydrogen production pathways and forecast greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across Taiwan's on-road vehicle fleet. Despite the BEV-FCV integration scenario, we project that the road transport sector could still emit 7.83 million tonnes of GHGs by 2050–145% above the government's target. Significant challenges include inadequate policies for electrifying heavy-duty vehicles, expected to contribute 50.4% of direct emissions in 2050, and the delayed phase-out of inefficient light-duty vehicles. Transitioning heavy-duty vehicles to zero-emission alternatives could reduce emissions by around 3.95 million tonnes. Our findings highlight the essential role of FCVs and robust hydrogen technologies in achieving sustainable transport, emphasizing the need for comprehensive electrification strategies.

Identifying city bus passenger ridership patterns: a mixed-method analysis

PurposeThis study uses big data analysis aimed at discovering city bus passenger ridership patterns. Hence, marketing managers can get sufficient insights to formulate effective business plans and make timely decisions about company operations.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a mixed-method analysis to analyze the results. First uses the RFM (recency, frequency, and monetary) model combined with a big data technique (K-means) to analyze bus passenger boarding behavior. In order to improve the validity and quality of the research, this study also conducted interviews with senior managers of the bus company from which the data was obtained.FindingsThe study identifies six distinct groups of passengers with different boarding behaviors, ranging from “general passengers” to “most valuable passengers”. General passengers constituted the largest group. As such, they should be the main target for municipal governments when promoting bus ridership as part of energy conservation and carbon-reduction activities. This group of passengers should be encouraged to take public transport vehicles more, instead of relying on personal vehicles. The fourth group identified included elderly passengers with hospitals as their destinations. Bus companies can cooperate with municipal government to provide morning “medical bus” services for the elderly. Interviews with bus company managers confirmed that the analytical results of this study correspond with the observations, experiences, and actual business operating plans of bus companies.Originality/valueOnly few studies have analyzed passengers' boarding behavior applying a mixed-method analysis.

Diagnosing patient flow issues in the emergency department: an Australasian hospital case study

PurposeThis study investigates how a hospital can increase the flow of patients through its emergency department by using benchmarking and process improvement techniques borrowed from the manufacturing sector.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth case study of an Australasian public hospital utilises rigorous, multi-method data collection procedures with systems thinking to benchmark an emergency department (ED) value stream and identify the performance inhibitors.FindingsHigh levels of value stream uncertainty result from inefficient processes and weak controls. Reduced patient flow arises from senior management’s commitment to simplistic government targets, clinical staff that lack basic operations management skills, and fragmented information systems. High junior/senior staff ratios aggravate the lack of inter-functional integration and poor use of time and material resources, increasing the risk of a critical patient incident.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to a single case; hence, further research should assess value stream maturity and associated performance enablers and inhibitors in other emergency departments experiencing patient flow delays.Practical implicationsThis study illustrates how hospital managers can use systems thinking and a context-free performance benchmarking measure to identify needed interventions and transferable best practices for achieving seamless patient flow.Originality/valueThis study is the first to operationalise the theoretical concept of the seamless healthcare system to acute care as defined by Parnaby and Towill (2008). It is also the first to use the uncertainty circle model in an Australasian public healthcare setting to objectively benchmark an emergency department's value stream maturity.

Predicting Healthy Start Scheme Uptake using Deprivation and Food Insecurity Measures.

Introduction & BackgroundThe level of food insecurity in England is widening, with low-income families requiring more support to reduce income inequalities. The government have introduced policies to address these issues with targeted subsidies on healthy food on programs such as the Healthy Start Scheme. Despite this, national uptake of the Healthy Start Scheme remains lower than the government target. Objectives & ApproachOur study aims to predict uptake and take up discrepancies at a local authority level and understand the measures contributing to the prediction using anonymised supermarket loyalty card data records for over 4 million customers, deprivation and food insecurity measures. We used a machine-learning approach utilising transactional data, ONS Index of Deprivation datasets, neighbourhood statistics, and NHS Healthy Start Scheme uptake data. Regression prediction models were used to evaluate and predict the outcomes, whilst feature importance tools were used to evaluate the variables weighing within the model. Relevance to Digital FootprintsThis study leverages transaction data from a UK retailer to understand lifestyle factors at a local authority level and assesses their usefulness in predicting the scheme’s uptake. Loyalty card transactional data can provide valuable insight into purchase behaviour linked to health and nutrition. ResultsThe Linear and Ridge Regression models performed better than other prediction models. Analysis of measures revealed that whilst deprivation and population-related measures had a high contribution to the prediction model, findings from transactional data measures provided valuable insight into shopping behavioural characteristics that contribute to the model performance. Results suggested that areas with higher spending on fruits and vegetables and high-calorie food were associated with higher uptake prediction in test data but the converse for high spend on fish. Conclusions & ImplicationsOur study indicates that shopping data measures such as spend on fruits and vegetables, high-calorie food, fish and products bought can be utilised for prediction models for uptake and take-up discrepancy of the Healthy Start Scheme. This study highlights the complexity of understanding factors influencing public policy effectiveness and the need for tailored approaches in diverse urban contexts.

Influence of Service Quality on Word of Mouth Mediated by Tourist Satisfaction at the Budo Tourism Village Homestay

In 2022, tourist visits to the Budo Tourism Village were recorded at 64.000 visitors. This figure exceeds the initial target of the village government and Village-Owned Enterprise Management. However, the large number of tourist visits to Budo Village did not increase the number of guests staying at Budo Village homestays. The limited marketing budget from the government and the village-owned enterprise (Bumdes) as managers makes WOM (word of mouth) as the main promotional strategy for homestay managers in the Budo Tourism Village. Another phenomenon encountered is dissatisfaction of guests who stay overnight due to the quality of service received. The above phenomena are related to the theories of service quality, tourist satisfaction, and word of mouth, and are then examined in more depth regarding the influence of service quality on word of mouth mediated by tourist satisfaction. This type of research is quantitative with data collection techniques using a questionnaire created in the form of a GoogleForm and distributed to 174 respondents who have stayed at nine homestays in the Budo Tourism Village. SEM PLS and SPSS analysis were employed to analyze the data. This research found that service quality has a positive and significant influence on tourist satisfaction and Word of Mouth (WOM). Tourist satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on Word of Mouth (WOM) and is also able to mediate the influence of Service Quality on Word of Mouth (WOM). Homestay managers are advised to concern to service quality, such as tidiness and cleanliness, as well as improving internet networks and the availability of free WiFi. Further research will explore the possibility of developing it not only in homestays but also in cafes, restaurants, and even diving centers.

The Czech Republic Within the Context of Meeting the R&D&I Targets Set Out in the Europe 2020 Strategy

Abstract This article aims to assess the development and structure of gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) concerning the Europe 2020 strategy (Strategy) and the Czech government's targets. Four research tasks are outlined: 1. Assessing if the EU met the 3% GDP R&D investment target set by the Strategy. 2. Determining if the Czech Republic met its national R&D expenditure target. 3. Verifying the statistical relationship between GERD and the Summary Innovation Index (SII). 4. Examining the statistical relationship between GERD components and SII. Findings reveal that neither the Strategy nor the Czech Republic's targets were achieved. Correlation analysis indicates a significant relationship between total GERD and SII. Further analysis shows a strong correlation between the pairs of business enterprise expenditure on R&D and SII, as well as between government expenditure on R&D and SII.

FEDERALISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE: GAUGING THROUGH THE DECENTRALISED STRUCTURE OF INDIAN AND CANADIAN POLICIES

While the 28 Conference of the Parties on Climate Change has been convened, several minimum standards have been promulgated for environmental quality, natural resources protection, and alternative energy; state parties, the obligations so pledged shall be translated only based on state practises. International law is fervently dependent on the state. Similarly, executing the pledge taken in these Conferences of the Parties by the respective state largely depends on the states' national policies. Environmental protection, adaptation, and mitigation are some down-up models of policy-making, in which the federalist form of Government has proved to function better due to the proximity of local-level authorities to the governance target. This paper compares Canada and India's two significant Federalism Models in combatting the climate justice system concerning its decentralised structure.

Influence of social capital on the stunting incidence in the south region of Cikarang sub-district, Bekasi regency, in 2022: a cross- sectional study

ABSTRACT Introduction: The problem of stunting is caused by many factors, including geographical, social, and political problems. The role of social capital has been shown to impact economic development and health in some countries, including the problem of stunting, but has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of social capital on the incidence of stunting in South Cikarang Sub District, Bekasi Regency. Methods: The type of study is observational with a cross-sectional design. The population had 106 neighborhoods as respondents, with simple random sampling technique, and a total sample of 91 people. The research instrument uses a questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been tested. The independent variables studied were 7 variables. Univariate in the form of frequency distribution, Bivariate analysis using chi square followed by logistic regression to obtain a predictive model using SPSS Version 24. Result: 65.9% of neighborhoods have stunting rates in their area. This figure is still above the government's target. Of the 7 variables studied, all of them are related to the incidence of stunting. Suprastructure variables with p=0.001, community participation with p=0.004, community empowerment in development with p=0.001, community control in development and stunting events with a value of p=0.001, motives of empowerment in development with p=0.004, the existence of cadres as agents of change with p=0.001, involvement of various stakeholders with p=0.001. The most dominant factor is the suprastructure of various stakeholders, with p=0.001. The most dominant factor is the t variable, with OR=49.398 at 95% of CI (3.623–673.6). Predictive models are produced so that preventive efforts are expected to reduce the incidence of stunting. Conclusion: The high incidence of stunting in the neighborhood area shows that the social capital of the community still needs to be improved in handling stunting. Community groups in the neighborhoods that have poor suprastructure will be at risk of their area having a stunting incidence.Keywordsocial capital, stunting, incidence

Feasibility Study of Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure at Selected Petrol Stations in Malaysia

The transition from the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) to electric vehicles (EV) are expected to result in higher total electricity demand in the country. With the introduction of more EVs into the market, the need for charging stations will grow, subsequently increasing power consumption. This research study aims to assess the potential of solar energy production at petrol stations in central region of Peninsular Malaysia and assess the feasibility of solar-powered petrol stations in meeting the energy demands of electric vehicles. 10 samples of existing petrol stations are selected to install a solar-powered DC charging station as a case study. To study their energy consumption, 90kW DC charger was evaluated. The design of the PV systems for the petrol stations was done by using the PVsyst simulation software. As a result, it is found that 90% of the designed PV systems are able to generate enough energy to meet the estimated annual energy consumption of the 90kW DC charging system. The results also showed that the cost to install the solar-powered charging system for both power ratings can be recouped in less than 2 years. Overall, this research study offers valuable insights for addressing the rising energy consumption resulting from the increased penetration of electric vehicles in the future. Additionally, the implementation of solar-powered charging infrastructure aligns with the country’s renewable energy objectives and efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the assessment of EV penetration and the adoption of charging infrastructure was conducted based on government targets rather than relying on current data regarding the actual numbers and trends of EVs and chargers in Malaysia. The availability of accurate and up-to-date data on the number of EVs, their battery characteristics, chargers, and user charging behaviors in Malaysia would contribute to further enhancing this research work.

Sweden’s race to the bottom: advancing a racial security state

This article provides a close reading of the Swedish prime minister’s speech to the nation in September 2023 during a spiral of deadly shootings. From a criminological perspective it engages with the relation between policing a crisis and the crafting of a state project. Sweden’s punitive turn stands in sharp contrast to the previous ‘Nordic model’ which was regarded as exceptionally humane. What, asks the author, are the main ideological features of the current Swedish government’s security state project? Theoretically, the article draws from critical contributions on racism and security. The analysis shows that the discourse of the Swedish head of government targets racialised populations, within and without the borders of the nation. The policing of the current crisis should be conceptualised as a race to the bottom − in a dual sense. Firstly, it is a reconfiguration of Sweden’s race relations. Second, it is a drift along a militarisation continuum.

Exploring the Factors Accelerating the Electric Motorcycle Adoptions: Insights from Theory of Planned Behavior and Travel Behavior

Indonesia is a densely populated country where most people use motorcycles for mobility. With increasing carbon emissions, Indonesia plans to migrate conventional motorcycles toward electric ones by 2040. However, the adoption process of electric motorcycles is relatively slow, considering that the number of electric motorcycles is still far from the government's target. This study aims to investigate what factors influence the adoption process of electric motorcycles in Indonesia. Based on 906 samples, an analysis was conducted using a hybrid choice model on willingness to pay more, which considered three components: socio-demographics, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and travel behavior patterns. The results showed that all three components significantly affect the willingness to pay more. Individuals who are older, highly educated, high-income, use public or environmentally friendly transportation, and have a low frequency of mobility for work purposes are more likely to purchase an electric motorcycle. The results of this study provide a new perspective in the unique context of electric motorcycle adoption in Indonesia and conditions that still need improvement when related to the government's long-term targets. This research will be helpful for governments and manufacturers by providing the characteristics of people who are more likely to purchase an electric motorcycle.