Government Research Organizations Research Articles

Development of orphan drugs for rare diseases.

Most rare diseases (orphan diseases) still lack approved treatment options despite major advances in research providing the necessary tools to understand their molecular basis and legislation providing regulatory and economic incentives to expedite the development of specific therapies. Addressing this translational gap is a multifaceted challenge, a key aspect of which is the selection of an optimal therapeutic modality to translate advances in rare disease knowledge to potential medicines known as orphan drugs. There are several strategies for developing orphan drugs for rare genetic disorders, including protein replacement therapies, small-molecule therapies (e.g., substrate reduction, chemical chaperone, cofactor, expression modification, and read-through therapies), monoclonal antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA or exon skipping therapies, gene replacement and direct genome-editing therapies, mRNA therapy, cell therapy, and drug repurposing. Each strategy has its own strengths and limitations in orphan drug development. Furthermore, numerous hurdles are present in clinical trials of rare genetic diseases because of difficulty with patient recruitment, unknown molecular physiology, the natural history of the disease, ethical concerns regarding pediatric patients, and regulatory challenges. To address these barriers, the rare genetic diseases community, including academic institutions, industry, patient advocacy groups, foundations, payers, and government regulatory and research organizations, must become engaged in discussions about these issues.

英国科学数据发展政策与规划

The United Kingdom (UK) stands as a pioneer in offering a clear definition of scientific data/research data, setting a global standard with its policies on scientific data. The UK’s data development strategy, planning, and action plans have effectively positioned it as a global leader in the realm of scientific data management, sharing, and reuse. This paper conducts a systematic review of the UK's scientific data policies, supporting institutions, and development plans through a comprehensive analysis of literature, websites, and other information resources. The results illustrate that the UK has established a comprehensive policy framework for scientific data management across various levels, encompassing government departments, supporting institutions, and research organizations. This framework revolves around the development, management, sharing, and application of scientific data, and incorporates strategic planning and action plans at both the national and regulatory levels. These initiatives have laid a solid foundation for the UK’s international leadership in the open sharing and utilization of scientific data. Notably, the UK’s practice of incorporating scientific data centers into national infrastructure construction ensures the continuous accumulation, management, sharing, and efficient utilization of scientific data assets within the country. The UK’s policy system for scientific data development and its planning practices in fostering such progress can serve as a valuable reference for the establishment of scientific data centers in China.

The impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on green innovation and innovation modes: empirical evidence from Chinese listed enterprises

Under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), promoting green innovation in enterprises has been the central focus of the developmental strategy for China and countries along the Belt and Road to ensure sustainable development in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to the environment and development. This paper examines the driving factors and heterogeneous mechanisms of the BRI in green technology innovation, especially in collaborative vs. independent innovation modes, utilizing a multi-period difference-in-difference model (DID) and micro-level panel data of Chinese listed enterprises spanning from 2007 to 2021. We find that the BRI has significantly stimulated the number of green innovations of participating enterprises, primarily through the adoption of collaborative innovation mode, and the BRI policies are more likely to induce green innovation behavior of enterprises with high research and development (R&D), high quality of environmental information disclosure, and non-state-owned enterprises (SOEs), as well as in heavy-polluting industries. The implementation of the BRI has led to increased support from the government, financial institutions, and scientific research organizations to the participating enterprises, which helps alleviate their financial constraints and enhance patent transformation efficiency, and thus facilitate green innovation. These results are robust across different regression specifications. This study contributes to the existing literature on BRI’s environmental impact and green innovation with firm-level evidence, and has important policy implications for the Chinese government when promoting green innovation and internationalization of Chinese enterprises.

Universities as Anarchic Knowledge Institutions

ABSTRACT Universities are knowledge institutions. Compared to several other knowledge institutions (e.g. schools, government research organisations, think tanks), research universities have unusual, anarchic organisational features. We argue that such anarchic features are not a weakness. Rather, they reflect the special standing of research universities among knowledge institutions. We contend that the distributed, self-organising mode of knowledge production maintains a diversity of approaches, topics and solutions needed in frontier research, which involves generating relevant knowledge under uncertainty. Organisational disunity and inconsistencies should sometimes be protected by institutional structures and procedures in order for research universities to best serve their purpose as knowledge institutions. The quality control for the knowledge produced stems from knowledge fields, clusters of knowledge and research that exist beyond the confines of individual organisations. The diversity of epistemic contributions is therefore kept in check by the order imposed by the internal logic of science as a social practice. Our argument provides a new defence for the autonomy of research conducted at universities.

Legal Characteristics of the Quality of Patents in the Sphere of Information Technologies: Statement of the Problem

Patents are an important element of economic growth that promotes innovation through the creation of new scientific and technological knowledge. The impact of patents on stimulating innovation and economic growth is undeniable. At the same time, the role of protecting the results of intellectual activity is emphasized in order to increase competitiveness and increase applications. As a result, the number of patents for applying new technologies and attracting new participants within the system (i.e. high-tech entities, research institutions, start-ups and networks) has grown exponentially, jeopardizing the future functioning of the patent system. Patents are still increasingly used by business entities and government research organizations to protect new inventions, IT solutions, technologies that generate new waves of innovation and contribute to changing the current national civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

Scope and challenges of seaweed utilization in food and nutraceutical industry in India: a review.

Seaweeds are an excellent source of unique antioxidant phytochemicals, dietary fibres, essential amino acids, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and minerals. The presence of such structurally diverse and high value bioactive compounds has led to popularization of seaweed as functional food ingredient in global health supplement market. India, with a long coastline of 8100km and exclusive economic zone of 2.17 million km2, is rich in diverse seaweed resources belonging to almost 700 species. However, food and nutraceutical application of Indian seaweed is highly constrained. Apart from Kappaphycus alvarezii, there is no systematic commercial cultivation of seaweed in India. The regulatory framework for use of seaweed as food is still developing and consumer acceptance is still low. However, there is a timely and renewed interest from different government agencies and research organisations to develop a thriving food and nutraceutical industry using India's vast seaweed resources. The review briefly describes the nutritional and functional food potential of the seaweed and goes on to discuss the scope of seaweed utilization in food and nutraceutical industry in India. Further, the review has identified the regulatory challenges and quality control requirements for use of seaweeds in food and nutraceuticals.

Socio-Economic Structure & Sustainable Development of Indigenous Society: A Study on the Munda Community

There are 50 indigenous or minority ethnic groups scattered across different regions of Bangladesh, of which the Mandas are a community. The Munda community has been living in the areas adjacent to the Sundarbans of Khulna and Satkhira districts for hundreds of years. Originally, their forefathers were the ones who cut down the forest and made the land suitable for cultivation without caring about the roar of the tiger and the snake. The ancestors of the Munda’s played a major role in cutting down the forests in the area surrounding the present Sundarbans and making them suitable for human settlement. The number of Munda’s scattered in the Sundarbans and its surrounding areas is decreasing day by day due to various types of adverse environment. On the other hand, the Munda’s own culture is also under threat due to the influence of Bengali culture. The main aim of this research is how to develop sustainable development of the Munda community from their current socioeconomic structure in view of the current condition of the Munda community. The study is mainly quantitative in nature. Koira and Dumuria upazila of Khulna district and Shyamnagar, Debhata and Tala upazila of Satkhira district were selected through convenient sampling technique for the purpose of collecting primary data, because a large part of Munda community lives in these areas. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 250 respondents from five preselected areas. The respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was analyzed in terms of statistical indicators of frequency and percentage. The results of the study show that social indicators, Economic indicators and Cultural factors are very weak among the Munda community. Among the social indicators, Munda women and men have very little interest in following hygiene rules (Sanitation, Birth Control). Economic indicators show Income Source, Jobs Opportunity Munda community is facing many challenges recently. Many educated boys and girls of the Munda community spend their days in agony due to lack of suitable jobs which has a negative impact on everyone in the community. Cultural factor shows that the Munda community, which is plagued by poverty, can celebrate its cultural events in a grand manner, so that other communities or ethnic groups do not get any idea about their culture. This research will be of great help to those who work with the indigenous communities of Bangladesh, especially the various ministries of the government, NGOs, policy makers, government and private research organizations will be benefited.

Responsible governance of civilian unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) innovations for Indian crop insurance applications

Civilian Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an emerging technology in Indian crop insurance applications. The technology is new to an agro-based country like India with diverse socio-cultural norms and values. However, in such a diverse democracy, UAV governance and deployment pose a significant challenge and risk. In other words, charting out a proper framework for a risk-free implementation of this governance has emerged as a leading research topic in the concerned discipline. In innovations literature, Responsible Innovation (RI) takes care of emerging technology governance; thus, RI becomes significant as a theoretical framework. The study is intended to find out how the framework of RI enables responsible governance and also who are the main actors and stakeholders of governance and deployment of civilian UAVs in crop insurance applications in India? An in-depth interview method and snowball sampling technique have been employed to identify interviewees from Delhi, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. Findings suggest that civilian UAV is effective in handling risk, crop damage assessment, and claim settlement. The RI approach, through its dimensions and steps, enables equal participation and deliberation among all the actors and stakeholders of UAV governance that consists of government bodies, research organizations, insurance agencies, local administration, and farmers. Effective regulations, adhering to accountability, and responsibility promote responsible governance.

Does It Matter Who Owns It? A Comparison Study and Demographic Profiling of Patent Ownership and Its Impact on Commercialisation in Sri Lanka

Purpose: This study compares the demographic profiling of patent ownership in Sri Lanka with counterparts in other parts of the world. The study also seeks to understand the impact of patent ownership on patent commercial success as Sri Lanka is one of the few countries where a significant number of independent individuals are involved in the innovation process as inventors. Sri Lanka, as a country, struggles to make economic headway through the commercialisation of innovation. This factor of ownership could be an influencing factor for non-commercialisation. The study explores this aspect by comparing ownership between individual held patents with organisational patents on a national scale. The study also compares the findings with other similar global studies. Methodology: A sample of 220 respondents from a national sample comprising individual patent holders and organisational patent holders, including universities (IHL’s), Government Research Organizations (GRI’s) and commercial enterprises, was used in this cross-sectional study and analysed using SPSS version 21. The study uses descriptive statistics and Chai square analysis to address the research questions. The study is limited to patents granted between 2010 and 2014. Findings: The empirical findings confirm that ownership does influence the probability of commercialisation in favour of organisational ownership. The study also reveals a near equal match in demographic profiling with developed countries, indicating a mature inventor community. This finding draws policymakers’ attention to the support required for the most crucial stage of patent commercialisation. Research Implications/Limitation: The study contributes to comparing the demographic profiling of patent holders by ownership category, gender, education, experience, the propensity in the inventions, patent strength, and patent commercialisation with other global studies and helps benchmark the achievement of the SL patents in a global perspective. The limitation of the study is the period selected for analysis as the study setting is set relatively early in the stage of the country’s innovation policy development and should be replicated through the analysis of more recent patents. Originality: Despite the increased interest in patent studies and innovation, very few studies have provided empirical evidence that compares different patent ownership in a single study, especially in the context of an emerging country and the tracking of the patent commercial potential. Therefore, this study contributes to this body of knowledge and the findings valuable for patent holders and policymakers.

Does It Matter Who Owns It? A Comparison Study and Demographic Profiling of Patent Ownership and Its Impact on Commercialisation in Sri Lanka

Purpose: This study compares the demographic profiling of patent ownership in Sri Lanka with counterparts in other parts of the world. The study also seeks to understand the impact of patent ownership on patent commercial success as Sri Lanka is one of the few countries where a significant number of independent individuals are involved in the innovation process as inventors. Sri Lanka, as a country, struggles to make economic headway through the commercialisation of innovation. This factor of ownership could be an influencing factor for non-commercialisation. The study explores this aspect by comparing ownership between individual held patents with organisational patents on a national scale. The study also compares the findings with other similar global studies. Methodology: A sample of 220 respondents from a national sample comprising individual patent holders and organisational patent holders, including universities (IHL’s), Government Research Organizations (GRI’s) and commercial enterprises, was used in this cross-sectional study and analysed using SPSS version 21. The study uses descriptive statistics and Chai square analysis to address the research questions. The study is limited to patents granted between 2010 and 2014. Findings: The empirical findings confirm that ownership does influence the probability of commercialisation in favour of organisational ownership. The study also reveals a near equal match in demographic profiling with developed countries, indicating a mature inventor community. This finding draws policymakers’ attention to the support required for the most crucial stage of patent commercialisation. Research Implications/Limitation: The study contributes to comparing the demographic profiling of patent holders by ownership category, gender, education, experience, the propensity in the inventions, patent strength, and patent commercialisation with other global studies and helps benchmark the achievement of the SL patents in a global perspective. The limitation of the study is the period selected for analysis as the study setting is set relatively early in the stage of the country’s innovation policy development and should be replicated through the analysis of more recent patents. Originality: Despite the increased interest in patent studies and innovation, very few studies have provided empirical evidence that compares different patent ownership in a single study, especially in the context of an emerging country and the tracking of the patent commercial potential. Therefore, this study contributes to this body of knowledge and the findings valuable for patent holders and policymakers.

Barriers and opportunities for cooperative wetland management: a case study in the greater Rocky Mountain National Park ecosystem

The boundaries of most protected areas are not large enough to encompass natural processes such as hydrologic and ecological connections between wetlands and within watersheds. Therefore, management is likely to be improved by working across boundaries with multiple jurisdictions. This research explores barriers and opportunities for cross-boundary cooperation for wetland stewardship in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, USA, and surrounding areas, using semi-structured interviews with staff members of government agencies, nonprofits, research organizations, and municipalities. Results show that wetlands outside of RMNP are experiencing similar cross-boundary disturbances to those within the park. Although participants recognize that working cooperatively with neighboring jurisdictions can decrease the effects of boundaries on wetland integrity, they also reported that the most significant cross-boundary challenge is working with others to exchange resources, develop a common goal, and implement projects cooperatively. We provide recommendations on how to address cooperative management challenges while taking advantage of opportunities to facilitate cross-boundary wetland stewardship at the ecosystem-scale.

Specifically Tailored Action Plans Combat Heat Waves in India

The frequencies of heat waves and heat-induced mortality have soared in India. Now government agencies and research organizations are developing city-specific action plans to mitigate heat impacts.

A spatial-institutional analysis of researchers with multiple affiliations.

Researchers holding multiple affiliations can play an important bridging role between organizations, fostering knowledge transfer and research collaboration. We propose a methodology to identify authors with multiple affiliations co-hosted by two organizations for a prolonged period of time, which distinguishes them from authors who change jobs or only hold short appointments. We apply this methodology to all authors and organizations residing in the Netherlands and find 626 organizations with at least one co-affiliated researcher. We perform a regression analysis of the inter-organizational network spanned by all co-affiliated researchers, and find strong negative effects of travel time. We also find that researchers who hold multiple affiliations, often cross the institutional boundaries between university, industry, government, healthcare and public research organizations. In particular, university-affiliated researchers tend to be most active in bridging to organizations in other institutional spheres. We end with some reflections for future studies and implications for science policy.

The Challenges of Corporatization Policy for Government Research and Technology Organizations for Wealth Creation

Malaysia’s economic transformation towards the status of a high income nation has led to the widespread demand for an accelerated corporatization policy; one where public sector agencies are transformed into business entities to facilitate the creation of knowledge and wealth. This shift was encouraged by successful corporatization models abroad, including those adopted by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft in Germany; the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) in Korea; and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the United States. These institutions have since encouraged a similar corporatization process in emerging and third world nations. However, corporatization comes along with a unique set of institutional challenges. This study aims to investigate the corporatization processes undertaken by various government research and technology organizations (GR&TOs) in Malaysia, and then to evaluate their overall progress. The outcome of this study indicates that a myriad of challenges can be inverted into growth opportunities through the application of appropriate strategic planning.

Damage reduction countermeasures for short span bridges focusing on restorability of structural joints

Lying on one of the world's most active seismic faults, Japan faces the continuous threat of natural disasters. The earthquake that struck east Japan on 11 March 2011, and the devastating tsunami, raised many very serious questions about this country's land and its disaster prevention and disaster reduction strategies for resilience. Disaster-related losses cause short- as well as long-term adverse effects on economy, society, health, culture and the environment. In Japan, the events of 11 March 2011 highlighted the need for the related government agencies, municipalities, research organisations and universities to work together in formulating and implementing a holistic and comprehensive policy approach for damage reduction countermeasures. In this paper, damage reduction countermeasures for short span bridges are presented focusing on the restorability of structural joints, with a view to earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and deterioration.

Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors identified from Camellia sinensis for COVID-19 prophylaxis: an in silico approach

To respond to the public panic, government and private research organizations of every country keep working on the COVID-19 pandemic, even though still there is a lack of more efficacious medicine for the choice of Coronavirus disease treatment. To counteract on this situation several approved drugs including anti-malarial (hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine), and few anti-viral (remdesvir) agents are choice of treatment for COVID-19. However, these agents suffer from certain limitation in their uses and pointed that there is no specific treatment or vaccine available to counter this contagious disease. Hence, there is urgent requirement to find a specific cure for the disease. In this view, there are several ongoing clinical trials of both western and traditional medicines. In present study, phytochemicals from Camellia sinensis were retrieved from the database and identified based on their ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Camellia sinensis entails of a massive number of phytochemicals with a good source of polyphenols such as Catechin, Epicatechin, Epigallocatechin and (–)-Epigallocatechin gallate. Molecular docking was performed using the GLIDE docking module of Schrodinger Suite software. The analysis displayed docking score for the five polyphenols i.e. theaflavin (− 8.701), 1-O-caffeoylquinic acid (− 7.795), Genistein (− 7.168), Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (− 6.282) and Ethyl trans-caffeate (− 5.356). Interestingly, theaflavin and Epigallocatechin 3-gallate have not revealed any side effects. These polyphenolic compounds had a strong binding affinity with hydrogen bonds and a good drug-likeness score. Therefore, Camellia sinensis could be the beneficial option in the prophylaxis of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Opportunities and challenges to integrating mental health into HIV programs in a low- and middle-income country: insights from the Nigeria implementation science Alliance

BackgroundIn Nigeria, there is an estimated 1.9 million people living with HIV (PLHIV), 53% of whom utilize HIV care and services. With decreasing HIV-related deaths and increasing new infections, HIV with its associated comorbidities continue to be a key public health challenge in Nigeria. Untreated, comorbid mental disorders are a critical but potentially modifiable determinant of optimal HIV treatment outcomes.This study aimed to identify the challenges and opportunities related to integrating mental health care into existing HIV programs in Nigeria.MethodAttendees at the Nigeria Implementation Science Alliance (NISA)‘s 2019 conference participated in nominal group technique (NGT) exercise informed by the “Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS)” framework. The NGT process was conducted among the nominal groups in two major sessions of 30-min phases followed by a 30-min plenary session. Data analysis proceeded in four steps: transcription, collation, theming and content analysis.ResultsThe two major theoretical themes from the study were – opportunities and challenges of integrating mental health treatment into HIV services. Three sub-themes emerged on opportunities: building on health care facilities for HIV services (screening, counseling, task-sharing monitoring and evaluation frameworks), utilizing existing human resources or workforce in HIV programs (in-service training and including mental health in education curriculum) and the role of social and cultural structures (leveraging existing community, traditional and faith-based infrastructures). Four sub-themes emerged for challenges: double burden of stigma and the problems of early detection (HIV and mental health stigma, lack of awareness), existing policy gaps and structural challenges (fragmented health system), limited human resources for mental health care in Nigeria (knowledge gap and burnout) and dearth of data/evidence for planning and action (research gaps).ConclusionsPotential for integrating treatments for mental disorders into HIV programs and services exist in Nigeria. These include opportunities for clinicians’ training and capacity building as well as community partnerships. Multiple barriers and challenges such as stigma, policy and research gaps would need to be addressed to leverage these opportunities. Our findings serve as a useful guide for government agencies, policy makers and research organizations to address co-morbid mental disorders among PLHIV in Nigeria.

Two discrete choice experiments on laboratory safety decisions and practices

IntroductionThe path toward enhancing laboratory safety requires a thorough understanding of the factors that influence the safety-related decision making of laboratory personnel. Method: We developed and administered a web-based survey to assess safety-related decision making of laboratory personnel of a government research organization. The survey included two brief discrete choice experiments (DCEs) that allowed for quantitative analysis of specific factors that potentially influence safety-related decisions and practices associated with two different hypothetical laboratory safety scenarios. One scenario related to reporting a laboratory spill, and the other scenario involved changing protective gloves between laboratory rooms. The survey also included several brief self-report measures of attitude, perception, and behavior related to safety practices. Results: Risk perception was the most influential factor in safety-related decision making in both scenarios. Potential negative consequences and effort associated with reporting an incident and the likelihood an incident was detected by others also affected reporting likelihood. Wearing gloves was also affected somewhat by perceived exposure risk, but not by other social or work-related factors included in the scenarios. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the promise of DCEs in quantifying the relative impact of several factors on safety-related choices of laboratory workers in two hypothetical but realistic scenarios. Participants were faced with hypothetical choice scenarios with realistic features instead of traditional scaling techniques that ask about attitudes and perceptions. The methods are suitable for addressing many occupational safety concerns in which workers face tradeoffs in their safety-related decisions and behavior. Practical Application: Safety-related decisions regarding laboratory practices such as incident reporting and use of PPE were influenced primarily by workers’ perceptions of risk of exposure and severity of risks to health and safety. This finding suggests the importance of providing laboratory workers with adequate and effective education and training on the hazards and risks associated with their work. DCEs are a promising research method for better understanding the relative influences of various personal, social, and organizational factors that shape laboratory safety decisions and practices. The information gained from DCEs may lead to more targeted training materials and interventions.

Work Integrated Learning at Tertiary Level to Enhance Graduate Employability in Bangladesh

In the last few years, higher education institutions (HEIs) in Bangladesh have been under severe pressure to transform the way they operate. The present Government of Bangladesh requires all universities to improve their quality of education and has implemented various projects such as Higher Education Quality Enhancement Project (HEQEP) in collaboration with the World Bank. As Bangladesh has set a target to transition out of the status of Least Developed Country (LDC) to Developing country by 2024, graduate employability and education quality are pivotal interests for the Government of Bangladesh. This paper investigates the concept of work integrated learning (WIL) and generic skills vital to enhance the employability of the current graduates in Bangladesh. We explore different types of WIL that can be applied at higher academic institutions in Bangladesh and what are the various benefits of this type of learning to the key stakeholders, namely; students, universities and employers. Finally, we conclude by pointing out the prerequisites that need to be considered in order to successfully implement WIL in Bangladesh. This is a descriptive study and we have collected data from different secondary sources such as documents available from government agencies, research organizations, archives and library. Moreover, we have also used interviews from sources such as newspapers and magazines documenting views of well-respected academicians and personalities in Bangladesh. Our findings indicate that in order to successfully integrate WIL, there are some prerequisites such as modifying the current curriculum, designing and offering work oriented courses, building strong connections with potential employers and creating awareness about WIL among faculty members and students.

Public private collaborations amidst an emergency plant disease outbreak: The Australian experience with biosecurity for Panama disease

The past decade has seen a steady transitioning from a framework where the State has been the provider of production-oriented agricultural services to a ‘user pays’ philosophy that emphasises the role of the private sector in the provision of these services -- even in agricultural biosecurity which has been historically considered a public good.This paper analyses the contours of public private collaborations in agricultural biosecurity services in the context of an emergency outbreak of Panama disease Tropical Race 4. We ask: does the transition to a market-led, industry-led approach shift perceptions on who should bear the burden for addressing Panama disease risk, and to what extent does it influence risk decisions taken by the different actors and stakeholders during an agricultural biosecurity emergency?Using data from field work carried out primarily in Brisbane, Australia in July 2015, as well as a review and content analysis of documents obtained from Australian government instrumentalities and research organizations, such as policy briefs, some themes emerge. The first is that while Australia’s biosecurity plant disease strategy clearly shows coordination, there are still gaps in service delivery, such as delayed response time. Secondly, the industry-driven R&D system still finds itself navigating tensions between responding to the direct and immediate needs of the industry and supporting more long-term and explorative research trajectories. Thirdly, while there appears to be a greater trust in industry than in government in rapid emergency response, both the growers and the peak industry body want more, not less, government biosecurity regulation.