Goose Red Blood Cells Research Articles

Nariva virus: further studies, with particular reference to its hemadsorption and hemagglutinating properties.

Nariva virus induced syncytium formation in BHK-21 and Vero cultures. Such infected cultures showed positive hemadsorption for guinea pig red blood cells (RBC). A hemagglutinin for guinea pig RBC was extracted from infected Vero cells by sonication. The hemagglutinin did not act on 1-day chick or goose RBC, and it showed an enhancement in titer upon treatment with Tween-ether. The hemagglutination reaction was highly temperature-dependent, with optimal titers being obtained at 4° and no activity manifested at 37°. Serological studies by hemagglutination-inhibition and complement-fixation indicated no antigenic relation to the better known myxoviruses or to a number of other viruses. The nucleic acid component of Nariva virus is probably RNA.

A Study of Arbovirus Non-Specific Inhibitors and Natural Agglutinins in Bovine Serum

Summary In bovine serum, the natural agglutinin for goose red blood cells was shown to be an IgM antibody which differed from immune IgM antibody in its partial inactivation during acetone-ether extraction. Agglutinins active at pH 6.2 were not readily adsorbed at pH 9, they were partially eluted from the red cells at room temperature. Both natural and immune IgM antibodies were inactivated by 64° C. for 30 min., although “7S” antibodies were not affected. Non-specific inhibitors of arbovirus haemagglutination in bovine serum had properties suggesting they were β-lipoprotein. Both low density or less) and higher density (between l-01 and 1-04) fractions caused inhibition. Kaolin adsorption of bovine serum did not remove all non-specific inhibitors. Acetone-ether extraction was the preferred technique, because it removed non-specific inhibitors more efficiently and because it caused partial inactivation of natural agglutinins without affecting immune IgM antibody.

Purification and partial chemical analysis of Sindbis virus

Sindbis virus multiplies rapidly in chick fibroblast monolayers and yields high titers in the extracellular fluid before any cytopathic effect is evident and before cells become detached from the glass. Purification of the virus can therefore be undertaken from tissue culture fluid relatively uncontaminated by cellular debris. A simple purification procedure based on adsorption to AIPO 4 gel and differential centrifugation is described. The purified virus was found to be homogeneous by chromatography and by density gradient centrifugation in sucrose and in RbCl. Furthermore, purified virus labeled with P 32 was efficiently adsorbed to goose red blood cells under optimal conditions for hemagglutination. Chemical analyses showed that Sindbis virus is an RNA virus with a large amount of phospholipid and cholesterol. The virus differs markedly from the host cell both in RNA base ratios and in phosphatide ratios.

Use of goose cells in haemagglutination tests with louping ill virus antigen.

PORTERFIELD1 recommended the use of goose red blood cells for haemagglutination and haemagglu-tination inhibition (H.A.I.) tests with arborvirus antigens. Such tests are susceptible to non-specific inhibition by lipids present in normal animal serum2,3. These non-specific inhibitors are widely distributed4, but little is known of their nature or mode of action.