Good Source Of Fiber Research Articles

Potential utilization of bulgur bran as a source of dietary fiber in cookies

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn this study, the utilization of bulgur bran as a fiber source in cookies was investigated. Different levels of bulgur bran (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) with different particle sizes (200 µm, 400 µm, 850 µm) were blended with flour, and the blends were evaluated for dietary fiber and phytic acid content. Also, the effect of bulgur bran on the rheological properties of dough and the physical, structural, and sensory properties of cookies were investigated.FindingsBulgur bran increased the amounts of dietary fiber in cookies significantly, depending on the addition rate. The addition of bulgur bran increased the phytic acid content of cookies. The water absorption, dough development time, and stability of the farinograms increased as the rate of incorporation and particle size of bulgur bran increased. As the particle size and bran levels increased in mixtures, cookie thickness increased, but the spread ratio decreased, and cookies became darker in color. The addition of bulgur bran increased the breaking strength of cookies. Sensory evaluation showed that as the particle size of the participating bran increased, consumer acceptability was reduced. It was concluded that acceptable cookies could be obtained by incorporating bulgur bran at rates lower than 10% in the formulation.ConclusionAs a result, it was determined that bulgur bran contained high amount of dietary fiber, whereas it contained low amount of phytic acid. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative to other cereal brans, both in terms of functionality and human health.Significance and noveltyFindings of this study revealed useful information on chemical composition of bulgur bran and utilization in cookies. These results showed that bulgur bran could be used as a good source of fiber for different products in the bakery industry.

Could a kiwifruit a day keep the doctor away?

Contrary to popular belief, kiwifruit (also known as Actinidia) originated from northern China and not New Zealand, and is now grown across the world. From a nutritional standpoint, both the green and gold varieties of kiwifruit are highly nutrient dense and good sources of fibre, vitamins C and E, folate, and bioactive compounds such as phytochemicals. Two kiwifruit contain around 3·5 g of fibre and nearly 200 mg of vitamin C—which is twice the fibre and up to three times the vitamin C content of an average orange.

Improving the nutritional performance of gluten-free pasta with potato peel autohydrolysis extract

The potato processing industry produces peels, a good source of fibres, minerals and antioxidants, which could be recovered and used in the production of added-value products, such as gluten-free (GF) foods especially designed for the celiac population.This work is focused on the application of the bioactive fraction extracted from potato peels into GF pasta. Subcritical water extraction (autohydrolysis, AH) was performed on potato peel, and the obtained AH liquid extract was characterized in terms of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The selected AH temperature (220 °C at 2.2 MPa) was applied to peels from Kennebec, Neiker and Agria potato varieties, and the Agria extract was selected for application in GF pasta, as this was the one with higher antioxidant activity.The impact of Agria potato peel autohydrolysis extract on the nutritional composition and cooking quality of pasta was assessed. Results confirmed that the GF pasta enriched with potato peel extract presented suitable technological properties, coupled with attractive colour and with increased total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, which can contribute to improve the offer of GF products in the market.

The drying process of Sarcocornia perennis: impact on nutritional and physico-chemical properties.

The Sarcocornia genus is an extreme salt-tolerant plant that can be cultivated in saline habitats almost worldwide. To preserve Sarcocornia perennis, convective drying experiments were conducted and their effects on the physico-chemical properties and phenolic content of the plant were studied using conventional and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. The drying process of Sarcocornia perennis at temperatures of 40°C, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C revealed three periods of convective drying process with drying times ranging between 4.5 and 24.9h, respectively to higher and lower temperatures. The heating-up period can be neglected as compared with the drying process, and the duration of constant rate period, as a percentage of the total drying time, ranged between 34 and 20% respectively at 40°C and 70°C. The Modified Page model was proposed to describe the drying process at the different temperatures. From a nutritional point of view, this halophyte plant may be considered as a good source of fibres, phenolic compounds and natural minerals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The convective drying, in the temperature range currently used, was found to preserve the colour, nutritional characteristics and phytochemical value of Sarcocornia perennis. These results were confirmed by FTIR-ATR and highlight the potential use of the dried plant in novel food products.

Bioactive constituents, vitamin analysis, antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition of Canna indica L. rhizome extracts

Rhizomes of Canna indica were studied to determine their potential use as a functional food, a source of vitamins, nutritional and nutraceutical ingredients. Biomass and nutrient characterization showed the rhizomes were a good source of fiber (25.1%), starch (28.5%), crude protein (4.72%), and lipids (5.75%) with a total estimated caloric value of 423 Kcal/100 g dry weight. The rhizome also had considerable amounts of minerals and vitamins. Acetone extracts of rhizomes showed significantly higher antioxidant properties. The IC50 values with DPPH, ABTS+. and O2.- radicals were 21, 23 and 170 μg/ml, respectively. The reducing properties (FRAP and CUPRAC) and DNA protection assay were correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the rhizome extracts. Acetone and methanol extracts showed protection against free radical-induced DNA and protein degradation. In a β-carotene-linoleic acid model, the acetone extracts significantly decreased the bleaching of β-carotenoids. In a meat model system, the acetone extracts minimized the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance of ground pork meat. α-Glucosidase activity was significantly inhibited using water extracts (IC50 2.35 μg/ml) and acetone extracts (IC50 27.1 μg/ml). HR-LCMS/MS analysis of different extracts showed the occurrence of different bioactive compounds such as rosmarinic acid, psoromic acid, usnic acid, isoeugenitol, ellagic acid, coumaric acid and swietenine. The results suggested that C. indica rhizomes might be a potential source of nutrients and metabolites with health benefits.

Proximate Composition of Fortified Filipino Snacks for Picky Eaters

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the nutritive values of fortified Filipino snacks and to calculate the calorie value of the energy-yielding nutrients. Methods/statistical analysis: The Official Method of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists was used to analyze the proximate composition. The calorie content was calculated by the use of specific energy factors of 4:9:4 for proteins, fat, and carbohydrates, respectively. The majority of the food samples showed significant (P < 0.05) variations among the means concerning proximate composition. Findings: The highest protein was found in Moringa Sweet Potato Tuile, it can replace animal-based street foods. The moisture content of Saba-Potato Halaya was the highest and found lowest in Moringa Polvoron. The dry nature of Moringa Polvoron can prolong its shelf-life. It can substitute candies and gummies. The ash content was found highest in Moringa-Sweet Potato Tuile (MST). This can be associated with the mineral-dense Moringa and sweet potato. MST can be a healthier alternative for commercial pastries. The crude fiber content was again observed rich in MST. The Moringa and sweet potato are good fiber sources. MST is a healthier option than any fiber-rich junk food. Crude fat content was highest in Banana Blossom Bar. This snack can better substitute chocolate-flavored bars. The Jute-Spinach PastiYema was found richest with carbohydrates. It can be a healthier alternative for chocolate or marshmallow. All fortified snack samples are healthy calorie-containing foods suitable for picky-eating children. Application/improvements: If sufficiently consumed, these healthy snacks may contribute to the nutritional requirement of picky-eating children. This knowledge can be used to produce greener foods for school canteens in the Northern Philippines. Keywords: Calorie Content, Fortified Filipino Snacks, Picky Eaters, Proximate Analysis, Proximate Composition

Marketing strategy development for Yogyakarta local black rice

Rice is an important food source and a staple food for most developing country, including Indonesia. Besides white rice, Indonesia has pigmented rice varieties, one of them is black rice which has begun to be popular. Black rice has beneficial effects on health because of its content. Black rice is a good source of fibers, minerals, and phytochemicals. Some regions in Indonesia produce black rice, one of them is Special Region of (Yogyakarta). Yogyakarta local black rice exists for a long time, but still very limited people know it. Producers are facing difficulties in selling black rice. This study aims to develop a marketing strategy to help producers to market black rice and to preserve local black rice cultivars in Yogyakarta. The methods used were IFAS and EFAS matrix, SWOT, and QSPM. The result shows that for Yogyakarta local black rice, there are necessaryto carry outmassive promotions, expand sales locations, expand and strengthen marketing networks, improve farmer organization performance, and increase local Yogyakarta black rice production as well.

Kale: Review on nutritional composition, bio-active compounds, anti-nutritional factors, health beneficial properties and value-added products

There has been an increasing trend in recent times for taking more of green leafy vegetables (GLV) portion in the human diet. Among various GLVs available for human consumption, some are confined to a specific region and few are available in many parts of the world. Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) is among the latter group which belongs to Brassicaceae family. This review summarizes the nutritional composition and anti-nutritional factors of kale available in different parts of the world. Consideration was also given for summarization of the studies reported on health benefits, pharmacological activities and different food products. It is noted from the literature that kale is a good source of fiber and minerals like potassium with higher calcium bioavailability than that of milk. Kale also contains prebiotic carbohydrates, unsaturated fatty acids and different vitamins while the anti-nutritional factors such as oxalates, tannins and phytate are present in higher concentrations. Research studies are reported different health beneficial activities of the kale like protective role in coronary artery disease, Anti-inflammatory activity, Antigenotoxic ability, gastro protective activity, inhibition of the carcinogenic compounds formation, positive to gut microbes, anti-microbial against specific microorganisms. However, in case of value-added products kale was reported limited usage like, in baked products and beverages. Finally, concluded that, kale has good potential to use in different food and nutritional applications.

Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activities and Nutritional content of Jatropha Tanjorensis Leaves

The leaves of Jatropha tanjarensis were collected and assessed for their phytochemical compositions and antimicrobial activities using methanolic and hexane extracts as to determine the bioactive components and their effects on microorganisms. Also, the nutritional potential was investigated through the determination of proximate composition using standard procedures. The result of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of saponins, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, steroids, alkaloids and flavonoids in methanolic extract, the same observation was recorded in n-hexane extract except that reducing sugars were absent and phlobotannins were present. The antimicrobial activities of the leaves extract show that it have some antimicrobial properties. Results of the proximate composition and mineral analysis revealed that the plant is a good source of fiber and minerals. Therefore, leaves of Jatropha tanjarensisapart from being used as antimicrobial agents, can serve as good sources of fiber and minerals when used as vegetables.

A comparative assessment of phenotypic and molecular diversity in Doum (Hyphaene thebaica L.).

Doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica L.) has been reported as one of the most beneficial species worldwide. Its fruits are a good source of fibers, antioxidants, B-complex vitamins, essential minerals, monosaccharides, essential oil and flavonoids. Fruit extract shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and pharmacological potential. However, there is a lack of investigations dealing with its genetic diversity. Therefore, a collection of twelve mature female palm landraces grown in the botanical garden of Aswan, "Egypt" were used for genetic diversity assessment based on phenotypic and molecular levels. 18 vegetal and chemical traits were evaluated. Fifteen of them showed highly significant variation among the tested landraces. Euclidian-based-dendrogram discriminated the tested landraces based on their phenotypic similarities to three main clusters showing a high level of variability. Molecular analysis using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) vis-à-vis start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism markers displayed the relationships among the tested landraces molecularly. Both markers showed a reasonable degree of polymorphism, however SCoT was more effective than the ISSR by showing a higher percentage of polymorphism, polymorphism information content, resolving power and diversity index. Cluster analysis based on molecular data showed a clear relationship among the doum landraces. However, ISSR- and SCoT-based dendrograms were slightly different, and completely unlike that based on phenotypic data. Nevertheless, phenotypic and molecular evaluations might complement each other, and by data of both an excellent overview was obtained from principle coordinate analysis. The information herein is valuable and considered as a keystone for further proximate studies on doum genetic diversity to help in improvement and breeding approaches.

Chemical characterization and bioactive compounds of an unconventional vegetable - Erechtites valerianifolia (Wolf) DC.

Abstract Erechtites valerianifolia (Wolf) DC is an unconventional vegetable found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Is consumed in high proportions by the population living in this biome. The objective of this study was to investigate the general chemical composition, occurrence and content of carotenoids, vitamins (C and E) and minerals in this vegetable. By the micro-Kjeldhal method it was determined proteins. It was determined total dietary fiber (TDF) by non-enzymatic gravimetric method. Carotenoids and vitamins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) it was determined minerals. E. valerianifolia presented concentrations of TDF (3.7 g 100 g-1), ash (0.9 g 100-1), lipids (1.4 g 100-1), carbohydrates (2.9 g 100-1), proteins (1.3 g 100-1), caloric density (29.2 kcal 100-1), Vit. A (373.9 µg 100-1 RAE), K (561.2 mg 100-1), Ca (79.5 mg 100-1) and Fe (21.6 mg 100-1). It is considered that this vegetable is source of Ca, good source of fiber and K, and an excellent source of pro-vitamin A, Mn, Se, Fe, Mo and Cu, which may reduce food and nutritional insecurity in the population, mainly in the region where this species is found.

Nutritional Composition, Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fractions of Selected Wild Edible Plants.

Wild plants are considered the richest source of essential nutrients and other beneficial phytochemicals. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition, antioxidant- and α-amylase inhibition activities of leaves and roots of selected Bangladeshi wild plants. These wild plants were found to have high fiber (13.78–22.26 g/100 g), protein (7.08–21.56 g/100 g) and ash (8.21–21.43 g/100 g) contents. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were significantly higher in the leaves than the roots. Additionally, antioxidant activity was evaluated using ferric-reducing antioxidant power, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays and was strongly correlated with phenolic compounds. The leaf extracts of the selected plants also exhibited potent α-amylase inhibition (~71%) and were significantly higher than their root counterparts. Thus, the study findings concluded that the investigated plants were good sources of fiber, protein, mineral, natural antioxidant compounds and α-amylase inhibitors, and their increased intake could provide health benefits. The principal component analysis (PCA) of analyzed variables divided the samples into three clear groups, and the first two principal components accounted for 86.05% of the total data set variance.

Fabricating bio-active packing material made from alkali-steam exploded agro-waste using natural colorants

In this paper, effect of alkali-steam explosion pre-treatment on various agro-waste raw materials was evaluated for enhancing the quality of recycled paper. The alkali-steam explosion had a minimum cellulose reduction in the case of sugarcane bagasse (3.8 ± 0.21) and arecanut fibers (4.5 ± 0.83%) and identified as a good fiber sources for paper making in terms of strength and final quality of recycled papers. X-ray diffraction pattern study exhibited that there was an enhanced intensity of cellulose content. Coloring on recycled paper with natural pigments could be used as a packing material with bactericidal activity. This forms the first report on the application of stable pigments for value addition in paper industry which increases the marketability of recycled paper.

Using emulsion gels made with sonicated soy protein isolate dispersions to replace fat in frankfurters

Emulsion gels (EG) prepared with soybean oil, sonicated and non-sonicated soy protein isolate dispersions, carrageenan, and inulin were used as animal fat replacers in frankfurters. The effect of total replacement of pork back fat with EG on frankfurters nutritional, technological, rheological, and sensorial properties was evaluated. A formulation with simple pork back fat reduction was prepared (CRF). Reformulated frankfurters can be labeled as a good source of fiber and high in unsaturated lipids. Samples with EGs added were less red and lighter. Frankfurters formulated with sonicated SPI dispersions presented the same hardness of traditional ones while CRF samples were the softer. During heating, no statistical difference was found in final G′ and G″ values among reformulated and traditional frankfurters. Sensory scores showed that reformulated frankfurters had lower acceptability than control. Considering the improvement in nutritional and technological properties of frankfurters, the use of EG to replace fat in this product is a viable strategy to make them healthier.

Proteomic and metabolomic study of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) fruit during ripening process.

Wax apple is one of the underutilized fruits that is considered a good source of fibers, vitamins, minerals as well as antioxidants. In this study, a comparative analysis of the developments of wax fruit ripening at the proteomic and metabolomic level was reported. 2D electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF was used to compare the proteome profile from three developmental stages named immature, young, and mature fruits. In general, the protein expression profile and the identified proteins function were discussed for their potential roles in fruit physiological development and ripening processes. The metabolomic investigation was also performed on the same samples using quadrupole LC-MS (LC-QTOF/MS). Roles of some of the differentially expressed proteins and metabolites are discussed in relation to wax apple ripening during the development. This is the first study investigating the changes in the proteins and metabolites in wax apple at different developmental stages. The information obtained from this research will be helpful in developing biomarkers for breeders and help the plant researchers to avoid wax apple cultivation problems such as fruit cracking.

Characterization and in vitro digestibility of by-products from Brazilian food industry: Cassava bagasse, orange bagasse and passion fruit peel

The aim of the present study was to characterize selected by-products from Brazilian food industry and their in vitro digestibility. These by-products (cassava and orange bagasses and passion fruit peels) are potentially rich sources of dietary fibres, but currently they are mostly disposed. Their analysis revealed differences in composition for the same by-product type from different suppliers. Cassava bagasses were mainly composed of starch, with high variability among tested by-products (45–77.5% starch). In vitro experiments indicated that cassava bagasses had ~ 12% of resistant starch. The orange bagasses had free glucose and highly methyl esterified pectin as the main constituents (~23.5% of total pectin). Seventy-seven % of digestible glucose present in the orange bagasse were absorbed within 3 h experimental run. Passion fruit peels were a good source of fibres, especially pectin (~19%) and (hemi)cellulose (~16%). These in vitro experiments indicated that passion fruit peel had slower absorption of glucose than the other by-products, with 80% of digestible glucose absorbed within 5 h. In conclusion, the tested by-products are good sources of diverse types of fibres and have a great potential to be incorporated into different food products, decreasing food waste and contributing to a sustainable food system.

Nitrogen and phosphorus management for Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) production-A review

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) has characteristics to grow in the marginal soil and also tolerant into the drought condition and also have potential of nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen is the key plant nutrient that stimulates root and shoot growth. Phosphorus application significantly improves many aspects of plant physiology including photosynthesis, flowering, fruiting and maturation which ultimately result in better yield. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a complex process, in which Rhizobium bacteria form a beneficial interaction with a legume crop to fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it to ammonium for plant uptake. Biological N fixation (BNF) is the natural means to enhance soil fertility status and productivity. Application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer exerted significant effect on root development, photosynthesis, yield contributing character and pod yield of the crop. Bambara Groundnut yields are low due to abiotic and biotic stresses. But with application of nitrogen and phosphorus increase the yield of this crop. It’s seeds contain 63 percent carbohydrate, 19 percent protein and 6.5 percent oil and good source of fibre, calcium, iron and potassium.

ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN CHIA SEEDS PRODUCED IN BRAZIL

Chia is a good source of fibre, protein and antioxidants, and is also rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly α-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3). This fact makes it increasingly interesting for studies of its composition and nutritional quality, because it may be useful for inclusion in diets or in novel food formulations. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical and fatty acid composition and the indices of nutritional quality of the lipid fraction of chia seed produced in Brazil. In respect to chemical composition, an average grade of 8.14% moisture, 20.11% protein, 27.72% lipid and 3.94% ash was detected. Sixteen fatty acids were quantified in the chia, highlighting the prevalence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly 18:3 n-3. All indices of nutritional quality of lipid fraction assessed (Hypocholesterolaemic/ hypercholesterolaemic FA ratio, atherogenic index and thrombogenic index) indicated that chia has a high lipid fraction quality and its inclusion in diet or as an ingredient in food products can be an ally in the reduction of cardiovascular problems.

Comparison of the dietary fibre composition of old and modern durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum) genotypes

It has been suggested that intensive breeding has led to decreased contents of health-promoting components in modern wheats. We therefore compared the contents and compositions of the major dietary fibre components, arabinoxylan and β-glucan, in semolina and wholemeal flour of old and modern Italian durum wheats. No differences in total arabinoxylan content were observed but the modern varieties had higher proportions of soluble arabinoxylan in wholemeals and of β-glucan in semolina. The study therefore provides no evidence that intensive breeding has had negative effects on the contents of dietary fibre components in durum wheat. However, comparison of material grown over two years indicated that the content and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan were more stable in the older than in the modern genotypes. The identification of modern cultivars with high viscosity associated with a high content of β-glucan suggests that they are good sources of fibre for human health.

Identification of phytochemical compounds in Calophyllum inophyllum leaves

ObjectivesTo investigate the proximate composition, mineral content, and phytochemical compounds in Calophyllum inophyllum (C. inophyllum) leaves. Moreover, isolation and identification of pyrene were also performed. MethodsC. inophyllum leaves were extracted with methanol by percolation methods. The proximate composition of C. inophyllum leaves was analyzed by standard methods. Mineral contents in this plant were analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Phytochemical screening and analysis of this plant were performed by spectrophotometric method. Washing method with carbon disulfide was used for isolating dihydropyrene compound from C. inophyllum leaves extracts. ResultsThe result revealed that C. inophyllum leaves contained 11.24% moisture, 4.75% ash, 6.43% crude protein, 23.96% crude fiber, 9.91% carbohydrate, and energy (79.17 kcal/100 g). The leaves also contained 0.007% iron, 1.240% calcium, 0.075% sodium, 0.195% magnesium, 0.100% ppm potassium, and 0.040% phosphorus. Moreover, 11.51% alkaloid, 2.48% triterpenoid, 2.37% flavonoid, 7.68% tannin, 2.16% saponin, 2.53% polyphenol, were identified in the methanolic crude extracts of C. inophyllum leaves. It was found that trans-2-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-10b,10c-dimethyl-10b,10c-dihydropyrene was obtained at purity of 79.18% (22.17% yield) from C. inophyllum leaves. ConclusionsC. inophyllum leaves may be used as a good source of fiber. It was found that C. inophyllum leaves have the potential as herbal drugs due to their phytochemical content. The separation, isolation, and purification of bioactive compounds from this methanolic crude extract and their biological activity are under further investigation.