Good Water Quality Research Articles

FARMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR IMPROVED IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY AND PRODUCE INNOCUOUS FOODS IN IRRIGATION DISTRICT 003 TULA, HIDALGO

Irrigation district 003 Tula, Hidalgo, is an example of wastewater irrigation in Mexico; however, it results in greater pollution for the environment, farmers, and consumers. The aim of this work was to determine farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for treated, better-quality water, thus producing innocuous products. A sample of 104 farmers was obtained through simple randomized sampling. The contingent valuation method was used, with two econometric limited dependent variable models, where the interest is primarily in the probability of a response to a binary indicator. The non-linear adjusted binary response models were logit and probit. The best model, according to the log pseudolikelihood, Akaike information criterion, pseudo-R-squared criteria, and the number of correctly predicted cases, was the logit model. The results indicate that education (22.6 %) and income levels (20.3 %) have positive effects on WTP, whereas the opposite occurred with the fee (-0.026 %), the number of economic dependents (-11 %), and the number of hectares planted (-4.2 %). If the farmer considers that there are risks to the health of consumers of foods produced with untreated residual waters, the WTP increases by 11 %. The logit and probit models produced an average WTP of MXN 1649.18 and 1685.08, respectively. The reuse of wastewater requires compliance with acceptable and required quality standards for crops to produce healthy foods that protect the health of farmers and consumers.

Study of Key Parameters of Water of Vatrak Riverbed of Kheda District Gujarat and Its Impact on Floristic Diversity

The Vatrak river is a tributary of the Sabarmati River. It flows for around 243 km in state of Gujarat. Origin of Vatrak river is in hills of Dungarpur, Rajasthan. It enters into Gujarat near village Moydi which is located in Meghraj Taluka of Aravali district. Vatrak flows parallel to Mahi River for 29 km in Rajasthan before entering Gujarat. Direction of the Vatrak river is South-west. It is joined by Mazum river on the border of Kheda District. Vatrak is joined by river Shedhi and Meshwo near Kheda Town. Vatrak finally merge with Sabarmati River at Vautha near Dholka. Maximum length of Vatrak river is located in the Kheda District of Gujarat. This study covers ecological study of surrounding area of Vatrak riverbed. Route of Vatrak river in Kheda district passes through various talukas like Kapadvanj, Kathlal, Mehmdabad, Kheda and Matar. The present study is aimed to analyze the quality of water using certain physio-chemical parameters. These parameters help in understanding the ecology of river system and level of various pollution. Metallic pollution is one of the most serious global problems in the modern time. It is now observed that the pollution of river ecosystem is mainly a function of biologically available metallic fraction rather than the total amount of metal present in water or in sediments. In highly dynamic environment of a river system hydrodynamical, chemical, and biological factors vary greatly with different time scale and along the length of river. Another aim of the study is to analyze the sediments characteristics. Phytoplankton is the most elementary component in the food chain of any aquatic ecosystem. The aquatic food chain is initiated by phytoplankton, which serve as an indicator of good water quality. Phyisico- chemical properties of water greatly affects the productivity of phytoplankton thus affects the flora-fauna species composition, biomass, productivity etc.

A Comparative Assessment of Water Quality for Tap and Shallow Wells in Kyawama Compound of Solwezi District

All water sources used for domestic purposes must be safe and meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) water quality standards. In most of the developing countries, shallow wells are critical in providing water for communities in settlement areas. However, poor sanitation and industrial activities can cause multiple contamination both from fecal matter and chemical effluents, which affects water quality. This study assessed water quality from shallow wells and tap water sources in Kyawama of Solwezi District of Zambia. Analysis of pH, conductivity, turbidity, microbial contamination, and chemical pollutants revealed substantial differences after the analysis. Tap water generally met WHO and Zambian outlined water safety standards, while shallow well water exhibited high contamination levels of coliform bacteria, specifically E. coli. The Water Quality Index (WQI) affirms that shallow well water from Kyawama compound is unsafe and could pose a risk to the people consuming untreated, as the WQI values indicate poor to unfit for human consumption status compared to the excellent to very good quality of kiosk tap water. The research strongly recommends that the community should by all means avoid using untreated shallow well water for drinking until it is properly treated or boiled properly. Furthermore, the study advocates for improved sanitation infrastructure guided by the local authorities, regular clean and safe drinking water should be supplied to this area, regular water quality monitoring, and public education programs to enhance overall water quality and public health in the area.

Smart Remote Control for Water Pollution Monitoring

ABSTRACT Water pollution is a serious environmental issue which is mainly caused by industrial waste, harmful chemicals, and other contaminants. The good quality of water is essential for the survival of plants, animals, and humans. Traditional water quality monitoring methods involve manual sample collection and laboratory analysis, which are time- consuming and inefficient. To overcome these limitations, we propose an IoT-based water quality monitoring system for real-time assessment of water bodies. The proposed system measures various parameters like pH, turbidity, temperature, and humidity using sensors and determines whether the quality of water is good or polluted. It also provides recommendations on suitable aquatic flora and fauna based on the recorded values. The sensors are mounted on a self- navigating boat, which moves over the water surface to collect real-time data. A propeller system enables forward motion, while a servo motor mechanism allows directional control via a joystick-controlled mobile application. Key Words: Arduino Nano, pH, turbidity, temperature, humidity, flora, fauna, Adafruit.

Propose canal diversion surface flow constructed wetland for drainage water treatment: a Tala drain Egypt's Nile Delta

This study proposed a canal diversion surface flow constructed wetland (CWT) to treat the drainage water in the Tala Drain Gharbia Governorate where the Nile Rosetta Branch is its outfall. The treated water will be used for irrigation purposes. The proposed treatment system consists of a sedimentation pond, a CWT with reed plants, and a treated water storage pond. Field data on hydraulic, climatic, and influent concentrations were collected. The first order of P-K-C* relaxed tanks was applied to design the CWT. The results indicated that for a 2400 m3/d design discharge, a BOD sedimentation pond of a surface area of 2600 m2 (260 m long and 10 m broad) is required for one-day hydraulic retention and 1.0 m water depth. The CWT area is controlled by the winter BOD indicated four parallel CWTs each one of a surface of 12,480 m2, hydraulic loading rate of 0.05 m/d, and a hydraulic retention period (HT) of 2.76 days. The CWT water balance indicates that minimum and maximum water losses of 3 and 14%, respectively, recorded in January and June and the minimum and maximum operation discharge are 2482 and 2741m3/d, respectively. The rates of elimination of BOD, TN, TP, and FC showed 62, 58.4, 43, and 99.8%, respectively indicating good water quality for irrigation uses. The treated drainage water is still far from the drinking water standards and needs purification. The proposed green wastewater treatment system in the study region and similar regions will help decision-makers as a primary strategic water resource management and ecological solution to meet the United Nations' Water Sustainable Development Goals.

Changes in Regional Practices and Their Effects on the Water Quality of Portuguese Reservoirs

At the global level, numerous reservoirs exhibit a pronounced water degradation. Inadequate land use and climate change effects contribute to freshwater degradation and disrupt the ecosystem balances. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal and spatial effects of the surrounding area on two Portuguese reservoirs: Rabagão and Aguieira. For each reservoir sub-watershed scale, the evolution of land use and soil occupation and the pressures reported over the past decade were analyzed. Additionally, official records of water quality parameters were collected, and water quality was assessed according to the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Both reservoirs show anthropogenic pressure, reflected in the water quality. Rabagão has good water quality, associated with undeveloped lands (47%), agriculture (26%), and one pressure on the aquaculture sector. Aguieira is characterized by high nutrient concentrations, low transparency, and phytoplankton. This is linked to various land uses, including forestry (75%), and agriculture (19%), as well as multiple environmental pressures. Key contributors include urban discharge (27 sites) and water catchments allocated for agricultural purposes (89 sites) and others. The long-term data showed an increase in chlorophyll a concentration, water temperature, and pH values, and a decrease in the concentration of total phosphorus, but higher than the reference value. Additionally, the usage of the surrounding area of the hydrographic basin shows that it is extremely important for water quality and should be included in the WFD. Addressing the problems in the surrounding areas reservoirs is essential to adopting measures that improve water quality, therefore guaranteeing the health of the environment as expected under the One Health concept.

Water Quality Assessment

As the main source of water for Nashik city is River Godavari. It becomes a priority to keep Godavari River clear and free from impurities. The river Godavari is second largest river in India, which is 82 percent polluted considerably. Rapid growth of population and its repetitive activities along the river pose a concerned impact on the river system. The water quality and quantity are under constant pressure by the presence of different human activities like removal of vegetation, industrial activities, and encroachment, domestic and religious activities. These all activities resulted in degradation of water quality. These all problems are largely concentrated in and around urban areas. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, turbidity, BOD, COD, DO, TDS have been analyzed by standard method.The overall values showed good water quality at upper stream in the study area, but as it enters in urban area water quality becomes deteriorate at upper stream in the study area, but as it enters in urban area water quality becomes deteriorate. By conducting above mentioned test on godavari river we will get to know the various location across its journey, where the river godavari gets polluted. And necessary meaures can be implmented to avoid pollution of river Godavari..

Analysis of Heavy Metal Sources in Xutuan Mining Area Based on APCS-MLR and PMF Model

The present study aims to determine the concentrations and forms of Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Arsenic (As) in water and sediments of the Xutuan mining area. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and ecological risk assessment coding (RAC) methods were used to assess heavy metal pollution levels and ecological risks in sediments. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model were used to quantitatively analyze the sources of heavy metals in the evaluated sediments. The results showed good water quality in the mining area. Cu, Cr, Zn, and As in the sediments were mainly in the residual form, while Cd and Pb were mainly in the organic matter combined form. The Igeo and RAC results showed that the Cd pollution degree and ecological risk were higher in the sediments. The APCS-MLR and PMF models analyzed the contributions of natural sources (72.5% and 25.1%) and anthropogenic sources, respectively, while the PMF further distinguished the contributions of coal mining (26.4%), agricultural (21.44%), and traffic (27.05%) sources.

Assessing Environmental Health Through Physicochemical Analysis of the Sabangan River in Barangay Can-ayan, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon

This study aimed to assess the physicochemical water quality of the Sabangan River in Barangay Can-ayan, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon. Specifically, it evaluated total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and total alkalinity in upstream, midstream, and downstream sections of the river to determine compliance with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Class C standards for recreational waters. This study employed a qualitative descriptive research design to characterize the physicochemical properties of the river water based on observed and measured parameters. Water samples were collected and analyzed ex-situ at F.A.S.T. Laboratories to determine key physicochemical parameters using standard laboratory methods. pH was assessed using the 4500 H+B electrometric method, turbidity was measured through 2130 B Nephelometry, TDS was determined via 2540 C Gravimetry, DO was analyzed using the 4500 oC Azide modification method, and total alkalinity was tested through 2320 B Titrimetry. The analysis revealed that TDS was 146.67 mg/L, turbidity was 0.413 NTU, DO was 8.47 mg/L, pH was 8.26, and total alkalinity was 112.00 mg/L. All measured parameters were within the DENR Class C standards for recreational waters, i.ndicating low levels of dissolved impurities, high water clarity, and a well-buffered aquatic system. The findings suggest that the Sabangan River maintains good water quality for recreational use. However, continuous monitoring is recommended to prevent potential contamination from tourism and local activities. Future research should examine additional water quality indicators such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), fecal coliform levels, nutrient concentrations, and heavy metal contamination to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the river's ecological health.

Influence of Water Quality on Aquatic Insect Diversity of Lake Fateh Sagar, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

This study evaluates the impact of physicochemical parameters on aquatic insect diversity of Fateh Sagar Lake by assessing water quality across five sampling sites. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed. The results indicated that while most physicochemical parameters remained within permissible BIS/ICMR standards, Site 5 exhibited signs of pollution with higher BOD and COD levels and lower DO. A total of 3668 aquatic insects from 65 species, categorized under 37 families and five orders, were recorded. The BMWP and ASPT indices were employed for biological assessment, revealing good water quality at Sites 1-3, moderate conditions at Site 4, and significant degradation at Site 5, where no aquatic insects were found. Statistical correlations highlighted the importance of DO in species composition and the influence of physicochemical factors on aquatic biodiversity. This study underscores the necessity of regular monitoring and conservation efforts to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on Fateh Sagar Lake.

Geospatial mapping and multivariate statistical analysis for assessing groundwater quality in Bou Arada-El Aroussa plain, Northwestern Tunisia

This paper presents an integrated study of groundwater quality for irrigation and its spatial distribution in the Bou Arada-El Arroussa plain to guide decision-makers in the development of sustainable groundwater resource management plans. Assessing water quality for irrigation in this plain involves a process that begins with statistical analysis to determine similarities between samples and group them into clusters. This is followed by principal component analysis on physico-chemical data to determine relationships between variables and visualize their independence on a correlation matrix. Statistical analyses combined with a graphical approach through diagrams such as Piper, Gibbs, Wilcox and USSL are used to better assess the properties, facies and interactions between water and minerals within the aquifer. In addition, geographic information system (GIS) tools were used to better combine water quality indices and create a map of spatial quality distribution. Clustering results and principal component analysis reveal three types of water: the first type includes samples F04, F05 and P01, characterized by high concentration of TDS. The second type consists solely of well P23, distinguished by elevated level of K+, Mg2+ and NO3– ions. The third type can be divided into two subsets: one dominated by SO42– and the other by Cl–, with additional ions such as HCO3–, Ca2+ and Na+. Major ions analyses of the Bou Arada-El Arroussa groundwater show that the order of ions abundance was SO42–>Cl–>HCO3–>Ca2+>Mg2+>NO3–>K+. Piper diagrams and ion ratios revealed three water facies similar to the results obtained from the cluster analysis dendrogram: Ca-Mg-SO4, mixed and Na-Cl facies. The water hardness index (TH) classifies water samples into hard-brackish water category due to their high magnesium and calcium content, which is crucial for plant growth especially in agricultural area. The investigation of the relationship between water chemistry and mineralogical composition of the studied aquifer system reveals that all groundwater samples fall in the field corresponding to the water-rock interaction, with the exception of F04 and F05 showing a predominant evaporation. The Chadha diagram shows that the majority of samples are located in the reverse ion exchange zone, reflecting the exchange between groundwater and clay minerals. The USSL diagram shows that the majority of samples belong to the C3-S1 category, reflecting that the water is not suitable for irrigation due to the high salinity content. Evaluation of irrigation water quality using quality indices revealed that the majority of samples are within the standards for agricultural use. A multi-criteria analysis on the indices layers (SAR, SSP, PS, RSC, Na% and IWQI) created a synthesis map of the spatial distribution of the water quality. This map reveals that the western part of the Bou-Arada El Arroussa plain contains good-quality water, while the Eastern part contains the poorest quality related to the upwelling of poor-quality deep water.

Temporal Variation in the Water Quality Index of Baron Tropical Karst Spring, Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia

Baron Springs is the largest karst spring in the Gunungsewu Karst Area, playing a significant role in supplying approximately 33.96% of the clean water needs in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the temporal variations of the water quality index at Baron Spring, representing a tropical karst area with a predominantly ideal rural landscape. Water quality parameters assessed include pH, TDS, Na+, HCO3-, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, and SO42-. Water quality analysis was determined by comparing analysis results with water quality standards from the World Health Organization (WHO). Water quality index analysis was performed on 24 samples taken biweekly over one year (February 2020 until January 2021). The groundwater chemistry types, processes, and factors affecting water quality were analyzed using Schoeller-Berkaloff diagrams, Piper diagrams, bivariate analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results indicated that HCO3- and Ca2+ are the most dominant parameters exceeding quality standards due to the limestone dissolution process. Furthermore, it is also indicated that water pollution has occurred due to anthropogenic activities, although it did not exceed the quality standards. Water quality index temporally showed good water quality (50-100) during the dry period and improved to excellent water quality (<50) during the wet period due to dilution by rainfall. Statistical analysis revealed that HCO3-, Ca2+, TDS, K+, SO42-, and Na+ has a significant influence on the water quality index values at Baron Springs.

Development of a water quality index to assess and classify water quality in the coastal waters of Hai Phong (Vietnam)

The method of developing the water quality index (WQI) to evaluate and classify the water quality of the coastal waters of Hai Phong (2019) includes the following steps: selecting parameters, calculating sub - indices, determining weights, calculating the WQI, building a classification scale, and testing the formula. The water quality of Hai Phong’s coastal waters varied widely, ranging from very poor to excellent. The water quality of Hai Phong's coastal waters tended to improve from the river mouths to the sea. In the rainy season, the areas with very poor and poor water quality tended to expand, while the areas with medium and good water quality tended to shrink compared to the dry season. The area of excellent water quality showed little seasonal variation. During high tide, water quality was typically better than during low tide. The water quality at the Bach Dang, Lach Tray, Van Uc, and Thai Binh estuaries was very poor during low tide (WQI from 19 to 22) and poor during high tide (WQI from 43 to 45) in both the dry and rainy seasons. The South - Southwest area of the Hai Phong coastal estuary generally had worse water quality compared to the North and Northeast areas. The Ben Beo area (the main port of Cat Ba Island, where most of the island's large and small boats gathered) had medium water quality (WQI from 62 to 73). This area was at a higher risk of environmental pollution compared to other areas in the Cat Ba Island sea. The outside area had water quality ranging from good to excellent.

Applying the water quality indices, geographical information system, and advanced decision-making techniques to assess the suitability of surface water for drinking purposes in Brahmani River Basin (BRB), Odisha.

Surface water is used for a variety of purposes, including agriculture, drinking water, and other services. Therefore, its quality is crucial for irrigation, human welfare, and health. Thus, the main objective is to improve surface water quality assessment and geochemical analysis to evaluate anthropogenic activities' impact on surface water quality in the Brahmani Watershed, Odisha. In the present paper, emerging techniques such as CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation), Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), Weighted Aggregated Sum-Product Assessment (WASPAS), SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanation), and Geographical Information System (GIS) were used to locate the origins of pollution in the surface water. The 5-year (2018-2023) database was created by analysing samples that varied geographically over seven sampling locations. The dataset was categorized according to its intended usage. The study employed Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) tool, to forecast quantities and their geographical arrangement.The water temperature detected at several locations along the river revealed minor variations. The pH variations indicate that the surface water in the studied area is alkaline. Notably, the water's lowest temperature ever recorded was 25.72°C, at Q-(1). In addition, sufficient DO concentrations are monitored to ensure optimal water quality. The major parts of the study area were found to be majorly affected with high concentrations of PO43-, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42-. To determine the degree of contamination, a basic standard reference is necessary to interpret the values, which range from the anthropogenic to the natural contribution.The statistical results reveal the dominant decreasing order amongst the cations, such as: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and in anions, namely, SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F- > PO43-, respectively. It displays seasonal variations in dissolved and specific phase metal fractions that are not statistically significant at any of the seven sites. Proceeding further,the water quality index showed that the four samples fall in the poor water quality class, whereas the rest, 3 samples, were of good water quality. The surface water is contaminated and negatively affected due to percolation of ions from landfill leachate as per the data of C-WQI. Based on ARAS and WASPAS, Q-(1) and Q-(2) were mainly not fit for consumption. Meanwhile, the SHAP-WQI showed an increase in the number of samples (71.43%) with unsuitable quality for drinking. This emphasizes on the importance of weathering, dissolution, terrigenous, leaching, ion exchange, lithological and evaporation as the primary processes. Human influences were the secondary factors. Overall, the findings indicate that the study area's surface water is safe to drink, with the exception of a few locations including, Q-(1), (2), (3), (4), and (7), in the river water. Integrating GIS using WQ methods gives a new knowledge on the spatial variation in surface water characteristics for designated use. When enforcing regulations and carrying out pollution control operations, this will help determine the precise sampling sites or the sections of the river that show significant degradation. Thus, the integrated model provides insightful data on surface watershed management for urban planners and decision-makers. In overall,these findings underscore the importance of coordinated efforts across administrative boundaries within the basin to reduce water governance costs, providing valuable insights for fostering the coordinated development of regional economies and environmental sustainability. As a result, future studies should be conducted in the area to precisely state the quality of water used for drinking and domestic purposes.

Unlocking the global benefits of Earth Observation to address the SDG 6 in situ water quality monitoring gap

Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 requires innovative and often disruptive approaches to address critical gaps in global water quality monitoring. The most recent SDG Indicator 6.3.2 (Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality) progress report highlights a critical water quality in situ data gap, with an urgent need for countries to strengthen their monitoring capacity and commence state water quality assessments and trend analysis. Earth Observation (EO) technologies hold immense potential to close that gap for SDG Indicator 6.3.2. However, limited awareness, lack of skills and resource inequalities are some of the barriers which hinder widespread adoption of EO. We present insights from a unique workshop held at the University of Stirling in 2024, which convened diverse participants from academia, industry, NGOs, and international agencies and across disciplines, geographies, and sectors. Through creative and collective thinking approaches, they developed four actionable concepts: (1) Space Buzz: a media campaign to raise awareness of EO value; (2) centralised EO access hubs to empower users and improve equality; (3) scalable education strategies for capacity building; and (4) an Intergovernmental Panel for Water Quality to enhance global coordination. Each concept derived from a synoptic creative process, demonstrating the uniqueness of thinking within the teams. To unlock the potential of EO for global water quality monitoring, we invite EO networks, funders, water resource managers and individuals to champion these concepts, and incorporate them into funding calls and proposals.

PROTOTYPE ALAT PENGONTROL PH AIR DAN SUHU UNTUK AQUARIUM IKAN PBASS BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS

PBASS fish is one of the ornamental fish species that is in great demand in Indonesia. Good water quality is very important for the health and survival of fish in an aquarium. One crucial parameter is the pH of the water, which must be maintained within the optimal range according to the type of fish being kept. This study aims to develop a prototype of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based water pH controller for PBASS fish aquariums. This system is designed using NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller, a pH sensor to measure the acidity level of the water, and the Blynk application to monitor and control the water pH in real-time. System testing shows that this tool is able to measure and stabilize the water pH according to the needs of PBASS fish, as well as provide notifications to users via the application if there is a significant change in pH. The results of this study are expected to help freshwater ornamental fish hobbyists in maintaining ideal environmental conditions for their pet fish, thereby reducing the risk of stress and disease due to uncontrolled pH fluctuations.

Place and infrastructure in the energy transition: planning with community ties and environmental social value

Abstract The energy transition from predominantly fossil- to non-fossil resources will significantly reshape land use and the built environment, and with it, people’s relationships with place. Especially during the infrastructure-intensive “mid-transition” period during which fossil and non-fossil energy systems operate simultaneously with overlapping functions, understanding how people adapt to, value, or resent living with these infrastructures can enable value-informed design and planning efforts. Here, we use conventional qualitative coding methods with machine learning validation to investigate survey responses from people in the US and Australia who already share space with large-scale energy production regarding their natural and social environments. We focus on 1) how individuals use measures of environmental quality to describe not just their natural or physical environment, but also their community; and 2) how and whether shared natural and social spaces facilitate feelings of well-being and belonging, with the goal of informing consultation and planning for the peak infrastructure mid-transition period. We find a blended understanding of nature and culture, with respondents noting tradeoffs from hosting powerful local industry, but also the value of nature as an antidote to deteriorated or low-quality social spaces. We observe a resistance to change paired with a keen sense of loss of local control such that industry is perceived as an outside force, even when formative for local culture and landscapes. Green spaces and good quality air and water are not just measures of how well the environment is doing, but also a benchmark people use to describe how well their community is doing. Themes are notably consistent across the communities included in this analysis, diverse in their size, resource endowment, and industrial history. This work suggests attention to safeguarding and expanding the shared spaces, institutions, and economies that foster strong social ties could improve community outcomes during transition.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of bacterial community composition in a Western European watershed, the Meuse River watershed.

This study aimed to identify factors influencing bacterial diversity in the Meuse River watershed by analyzing 42 locations sampled in spring and summer 2019, combined with biweekly sampling of one mid-stream location for a year. Bacterial community composition (BCC) was assessed in the small (SF; <5µm) and large fractions (LF; ≥5µm,), alongside physico-chemical parameters. LF consistently exhibited greater alpha diversity than SF. During the spatial campaigns, alpha diversity increased downstream in spring with high discharge, and BCC differed significantly between headwaters and the main river. Along this axis, several genera, Flavobacterium, Limnohabitans, and Aquirufa stood out as indicators of good water quality. Rhodoferax, another taxon indicative of good water quality, prevailed in the headwaters and during winter. In contrast, two cyanobacteria genera indicators of poor river quality, Microcystis PCC 7914 and Cyanobium PCC 6307, peaked in summer. BCC in spring and summer temporal samples aligned with spatial ones, while winter and autumn samples had distinct BCC. Finally, season, temperature, and distance from river mouth were the main driving parameters of beta diversity, outweighing the effect of fraction size on the BCC. These findings reinforce the notion that local conditions exert significant influence on bacterial communities in rivers.

Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of water quality in Xiangxi Bay under the operation of the three gorges reservoir.

Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of water quality in Xiangxi Bay under the operation of the three gorges reservoir.

Optimization method of collaborative ecological water supplement and water purification plants strategies for improving water quality of urban river network.

Optimization method of collaborative ecological water supplement and water purification plants strategies for improving water quality of urban river network.