Background: The prevalence of drug abuse in Indonesia reaches approximately 2.40% of the population aged 15–64, or approximately 4.5 million people. Of this number, approximately 2.3 million are school and college students. This high figure is due to the limited access and exposure to information about the dangers of drugs among adolescents. Due to the limited information available to students, education is needed to increase adolescent knowledge about drugs. Providing health education is an important effort in preventing drug abuse from an early age. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of providing health education on the level of knowledge of adolescents about drugs at MA Bina Negara Arjasari, West Java, Indonesia Method: Quantitative research with Quasy Experimental Design One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample technique used total sampling technique with 89 students in grades X and XI. The instruments used in this study were video, power point and knowledge questionnaire with 20 questions. Data analysis used univariate analysis, namely frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Result: The results of the study showed that the pre-test scores of most respondents had a low level of knowledge (66.3%) and the post-test scores of almost all respondents had a good level of knowledge (93.9%). The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test obtained a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, which means that there is an effect of health education on preventing drug abuse on the level of knowledge of adolescents at MA Bina Negara Arjasari, West Java, Indonesia. Conclusion: The results of this study support the importance of health education programs in schools as a primary strategy in preventing drug abuse among adolescents. Schools are advised to regularly hold interactive and engaging educational programs to equip adolescents with sufficient knowledge to recognize the dangers of drugs and adopt effective preventive measures.

Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern among women, and preventive efforts through early education are essential, particularly among adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and adolescents’ attitudes toward cervical cancer prevention at SMAN 10 Semarang. A quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach was employed, involving 113 female students selected using total sampling techniques. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring knowledge and attitudes, and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results indicated that most respondents had a good level of knowledge and positive attitudes toward cervical cancer prevention. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between knowledge level and attitude (p < 0.05), indicating that higher knowledge is associated with more positive attitudes. The findings suggest that knowledge plays a critical role as a cognitive determinant influencing affective responses toward preventive behavior. Strengthening reproductive health literacy through structured educational interventions in schools is recommended to enhance adolescents’ readiness and commitment to cervical cancer prevention

Background: Cervical cancer is a women's reproductive health problem that can be prevented through Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. However, HPV vaccination coverage among young age groups, including female medical students, remains relatively low despite their health education background. Knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes are believed to play a role in shaping health-related behaviors. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes with cervical cancer prevention behavior through HPV vaccination among female medical students at Al-Azhar Islamic University Methods: This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. A total of 75 female medical students were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p-value < 0.05. Results: The majority of respondents had good knowledge, positive perceptions, and favorable attitudes toward cervical cancer and HPV vaccination. However, most respondents had not received the HPV vaccine (85.3%). Statistical analysis showed no significant association between knowledge (p = 1.000), perception (p = 0.056), or attitude (p = 1.000) and cervical cancer prevention behavior through HPV vaccination. Conclusion: Good levels of knowledge, perception, and attitude were not significantly associated with cervical cancer prevention behavior through HPV vaccination among female medical students.

Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing global health challenges of the 21st century and hypoglycemia is a common complication It is associated with a poor short or long-term prognosis. Nurses, the backbone of healthcare services, play a crucial role in managing hypoglycaemia in hospitalised patients. That is why we initiated this study, the aim of which was to assess nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding the management of hypoglycaemia in hospitalised patients living with diabetes. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Sominé DOLO Hospital in Mopti. It consisted of a self-administering questionnaire for nurses working in departments receiving patients living with diabetes. We achieved a participation rate of 89,5%. Men accounted for 56,9% of participants, with a sex ratio of 1,3. In 51% and 49% of cases, nurses held a bachelor’s nursing degree and a secondary nursing school degree, respectively. The median length of professional experience was 6 years [IQR = 4, 11 years], and 62,7% had never received training on diabetes since completing their nursing studies. We found weak, average and good levels of knowledge regarding the diagnosis of hypoglycaemia in 13,7%, 39,2% and 47,1% of cases, respectively. Knowledge levels regarding the treatment of hypoglycaemia were weak in 9,8% of cases, average in 23,5% of cases and good in 66,7% of cases. There was a statistically significant link between good knowledge of hypoglycaemia treatment and being male [p = 0,001] and having a bachelor’s degree in nursing [p = 0,029]. A statistically significant correlation between the diagnosis score and the therapeutic score was also observed [p = 0,003]. We found that the majority of our nurses have a good knowledge of how to manage hypoglycaemia in hospitalised patients living with diabetes. However, it appears that those with lower levels of education and those with longer professional experience need regular update.

One the major concerns in health issues is food safety. Foodborne illnesses can be easily prevented through proper knowledge, a positive attitude and effective food safety practices. While many people recognise the important of food safety, this knowledge is not often put into action. Therefore, this cross-sectional study explores the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding food safety among food handlers at household level. It also examines the barriers to adopting good food safety habits. In-person interviews were conducted with 158 respondents from the indigenous people or Naga tribes of Nagaland, India, using structured interview schedule to gathers insight. Findings revealed that most respondents possessed a good level of knowledge and held a positive attitude towards food safety. The overall average score for knowledge was 22.6 (SD = 2.75) while the average attitude score was 32.8 (SD = 2.45). Despite their strong knowledge and positive attitudes, only a small number of respondents (14.6%) practiced good food safety methods, with a mean score of 28.1 (SD = 7.67), indicating a partial adherence to food safety practices. The study found a positive correlation between perceived food safety knowledge, positive attitudes, and a better food safety practice. Although many respondents demonstrated a high understanding of food safety, 66.5% indicated they need further education on the topic. Additionally, 33.5% cited financial constraints as a barrier to maintain food safety. Though awareness of food safety exists, further education and intervention programs are essential to promote better practices. Utilising natural resources, such as Sapindus mukorossi or soap nut, native to the region and water harvesting techniques, can provide the community with effective cleaning agents, thereby improving food safety practices.

Background : Sibling rivalry is competition or jealousy between siblings that often occurs in preschool children due to differences in parental attention and parenting styles, and can affect children's social-emotional development. This study aims to determine the relationship between parenting styles and parental knowledge with the incidence of sibling rivalry in children aged 3–5 years at Al Azhar 22 Kindergarten. Method : This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design . The study population was parents who have preschool children aged 3–5 years with a sample of 40 respondents taken using the total sampling technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire on parenting styles, parental knowledge, and the incidence of sibling rivalry. Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately using the Spearman Rank test. Results : The results showed a significant relationship between parenting styles and the incidence of sibling rivalry (p = 0.000) and a significant relationship between parental knowledge and the incidence of sibling rivalry (p = 0.000). Democratic parenting styles and a good level of parental knowledge tend to reduce the incidence of sibling rivalry. Conclusion: Parenting styles and parental knowledge are significantly associated with the incidence of sibling rivalry in preschool children. Parents are expected to be able to implement appropriate parenting styles and increase their knowledge regarding child development.

Immunization is an effective preventive measure that protects children from various infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization. However, the completeness of immunization in children remains a public health problem in several areas, including the working area of ​​the Payung Sekaki Community Health Center. A factor that influences the completeness of immunization is the level of maternal knowledge. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of maternal knowledge and the completeness of immunization in children in the Payung Sekaki Community Health Center area. This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The number of respondents was 15 mothers with children aged 12–23 months, using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires to measure the level of maternal knowledge and KIA book records to determine the status of completeness of children's immunization. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. The study showed that most mothers had a good level of knowledge (46.7%) and most children had received complete basic immunization (60.0%). The results of the Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between the level of maternal knowledge and the completeness of children's immunization with a p value of 0.041 (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the completeness of immunizations in children in the Payung Sekaki Community Health Center area. Therefore, improving health education for mothers is necessary to increase the coverage of complete basic immunizations.

The use of cosmetics among adolescents has increased along with the development of beauty trends. However, many adolescents are still less aware of the safety of the cosmetic products they use. A low level of knowledge can influence attitudes and behaviors in choosing safe cosmetics. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes and cautious behavior in using cosmetics through the Cek BPOM application among female students of SMK Tamansiswa Kudus. This study employed an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach and used a questionnaire instrument that had passed validity and reliability tests. The respondents in this study consisted of 88 female students. The data analysis method uses the univariate method and the bivariate method uses the Spearman rank correlation test.. The results showed that 78.41% of the students had a good level of knowledge, 95.45% had positive attitudes, and 93.18% demonstrated good cautious behavior toward safe cosmetics using Cek BPOM. The Spearman rank correlation test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between the level of knowledge, attitudes, and cautious behavior in using cosmetics through Cek BPOM among female students of SMK Tamansiswa Kudus

Dental caries is one of the most common health problems found in school-aged children. Promotive and preventive efforts are needed to prevent caries, one of which is through dental and oral health promotion. This community service activity aims to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding dental and oral health based on Islamic education among fourth-grade students of SDN Balang Boddong. The research method used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 35 respondents. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a good level of knowledge (86%), positive attitudes (54%), and good behavior (60%). The conclusion of this community service activity is that a health promotion approach based on Islamic education has the potential to increase understanding and support changes in behavior regarding dental and oral health maintenance.

Pregnancy in adolescence is still a public health problem that has an impact on increasing maternal and infant health risks and causes psychosocial and social consequences. The low level of adolescent knowledge about reproductive health and the prevention of teenage pregnancy is one of the factors that affects the high incidence of these events. This study aims to analyze the influence of leaflet media on adolescents' knowledge about adolescent pregnancy prevention. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design: a one-group pretest–posttest without a control group. The sample consisted of 81 students in class X at SMA Negeri 1 Pringgabaya, selected using systematic random sampling. The intervention was carried out through leaflet-based reproductive health education. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the study showed an increase in adolescent knowledge after the intervention. The proportion of respondents with a good level of knowledge increased from 11.1% in the pretest to 79.0% in the posttest, while the category of less knowledge decreased from 70.4% to 6.2%. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the level of knowledge before and after the intervention (p = 0.000).

Introduction: Early childhood is a critical period for cognitive, language, motor, and social development. However, developmental problems remain a serious issue globally and in Indonesia. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between parental knowledge about stimulation and child development in playgroup classes. Method: This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design with 60 children and their parents from four early childhood education centers in Bluru Kidul Village, Sidoarjo. Parental knowledge was assessed using questionnaires, and child development was evaluated using the Pre-Screening Developmental Questionnaire (KPSP). Data were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test. Results and Discussion: Most parents (51.7%) demonstrated good knowledge levels, and most children (73.3%) showed appropriate development. Fisher's Exact Test showed a significant association (p = 0.019) between parental knowledge and child development outcomes. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between parental knowledge about stimulation and child development in playgroup-aged children. Strengthening parental knowledge and consistent stimulation practices are essential for optimal early childhood development

Research into clinicians' and pharmacists' experiences and perspectives on direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use in Saudi Arabia and the broader Middle Eastern area is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the perspectives and experiences of physicians and pharmacists practicing in Saudi Arabia who prescribe DOACs and dispense DOAC therapy, respectively. A cross-sectional study was undertaken utilizing an online survey instrument. We collected data via Google Forms. Between June and July 2024, the study questionnaire was distributed to community pharmacists, general practitioners [GPs], cardiologists, residents in internal medicine, and hospital pharmacists (primary and secondary healthcare professionals) working in Saudi Arabia. Comprising 146 doctors and 167 pharmacists, 313 total healthcare professionals participated in the study. Of the weekly DOAC prescriptions, cardiologists had the most at 35%; internal medicine residents came next at 16.3% and general practitioners at 17.5%. Among pharmacists, 16.7% of community pharmacists and 23.9% of hospital pharmacists dispensed DOACs weekly. The most often prescribed and dispensed medications were rivaroxaban, edoxaban, and apixaban. Across all categories, Lexicomp was the most often used tool. Most physicians (98%) said they lowered the DOAC dose when necessary. Especially in dosing, preoperative care, patient education, and medication interaction identification, internal medicine residents and hospital pharmacists expressed more confidence in managing DOACs. In these domains, community pharmacists expressed less trust. This study revealed that most participants preferred newer oral anticoagulants over warfarin and demonstrated a fairly good level of self-perceived knowledge regarding various aspects of the clinical use of DOACs. The study findings highlight the importance of focused training initiatives to standardize the use of DOACs, boost trust among community pharmacists and GPs, and ensure safe and effective patient care.

Objectives: Postbiotics, defined as non-viable microbial cells or their components that provide health benefits, are emerging as an important topic in functional food research. However, awareness and consumption among young adults remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and knowledge levels of postbiotics among university students. Methods: The study population included 346 students who completed a questionnaire consisting of 17 demographic and lifestyle questions and a 20-item postbiotic knowledge scale adapted from a validated tool. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: It was revealed that 86.1% (n=298) of the students included in this study had never heard of postbiotics and 96.2% (n=333) had never used postbiotic supplements. Overall, 48.8% (n=169) of participants had a poor, 39.0% (n=135) a moderate, and 11.8% (n=41) a good knowledge level. Female students demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores than males (P<0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicate that university students have limited awareness and consumption of postbiotics. Contributing factors may include insufficient promotion, inadequate understanding of health benefits, and limited market availability of postbiotic products. To improve awareness, it is recommended that educational activities be organized in universities to enhance students’ understanding of postbiotics and encourage their inclusion in health-promoting dietary habits.

One of the efforts to improve the quality of midwives in order to be able to provide maternal and neonatal services quickly and appropriately by applying Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) to midwifery students. Considering that EBP is a concept in the academic field of midwifery is considered the backbone of quality clinical care. This study aims to determine the practice and use of EBP in midwifery students in the city of Padang, West Sumatra. This study uses a cross-sectional method, uses an online questionnaire Google Forms and is distributed to students through social media to midwifery students whose campus is located in Padang City. The results of the study were from 83 respondents, who had a good level of knowledge in the use of EBP as many as 9 respondents (10.8%), 58 respondents (69.9%), and 16 respondents (19.3%) with a low level of knowledge. As for student attitudes, 49 respondents (59%) had a positive attitude and 34 respondents (41%) had a less supportive attitude in implementing EBP, for practical readiness as many as 14 respondents (16.9%) had high readiness, 60 respondents (72.3%) were in the category of quite ready, and 9 respondents (10.8%) were in the category of not ready in the implementation of EBP. So that it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of midwifery students in the city of Padang in implementing EBP is good and students have a positive attitude and an overview of the readiness of student practice in the category is quite ready.

Background Hypertension is one of the major chronic diseases that remains a primary health issue in society. One crucial factor influencing the success of hypertension management is the patient's level of knowledge about the disease and adherence to prescribed medication. Non-adherence to treatment often leads to serious complications such as stroke, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge levels and medication adherence among hypertensive patients at Kedi Health Center. This study employed a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The population included all hypertensive patients visiting Kedi Health Center between March and June 2025, totaling 55 respondents. Sampling was conducted using a total sampling technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, covering knowledge about hypertension and medication adherence. The results showed that most respondents were aged 46–60 years (54.5%), female (67.3%), and had a secondary education level (high school, 45.5%). Good knowledge levels were recorded in 60% of respondents, adequate in 27.3%, and poor in 12.7%. High adherence was recorded in 58.2% of respondents, moderate in 27.3%, and low in 14.5%. The Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between knowledge and adherence (p = 0.012, p < 0.05), with patients having good knowledge tending to be more adherent. The discussion of these results aligns with previous research by Bismantara et al. (2022), which showed that patients with good knowledge have 3.2 times greater odds of adherence. Based on the Health Belief Model, perceptions of the risk of hypertension complications encourage adherence. Other factors such as family support and health education also play a role. Study limitations include a small sample size, necessitating further research. Practical implications include enhancing counseling at health centers for better blood pressure control. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between knowledge levels and medication adherence among hypertensive patients. Increasing knowledge through regular health education can improve adherence and aid in blood pressure management for hypertensive patients

Introduction: Child marriage (early marriage) refers to a marital union in which one or both partners are still categorized as children or adolescents under the age of 19 years. Child marriage can lead to negative consequences for both physical and psychological health. Considering that adolescents are digital natives, the utilization of mobile health technology offers a relevant, interactive, and easily accessible educational solution. This study aimed to examine the effect of mobile health–based education on adolescent girls’ knowledge of child marriage. Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design involving 43 adolescent girls selected using stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results: Prior to the health education intervention, most adolescent girls demonstrated a low level of knowledge, with 40 respondents (93.02%). After receiving mobile health–based education, the majority showed a good level of knowledge, with 36 respondents (83.72%). Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference in knowledge levels before and after the intervention (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Mobile health–based health education had a significant effect on improving adolescent girls’ knowledge of child marriage.

Background: Malaria remains a significant global health problem with increasing cases and deaths every year. Travelers visiting endemic areas, especially those classified as Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR), have a high risk of malaria infection due to a lack of awareness and compliance with chemoprophylaxis. The use of malaria chemoprophylaxis among international travelers in Bali is limited, so the low chemoprophylaxis use among travelers must be evaluated based on knowledge levels. Purposes: To determine the level of knowledge about the use of malaria chemoprophylaxis and analyze the distribution of its use among foreign and domestic tourists in South Bali. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a survey conducted at Mertasari Beach, Sanur Beach, Kuta Beach, and Jimbaran Beach. Consecutive sampling of 106 foreign and domestic tourists using a questionnaire validated by r count > r table by Pearson Correlation by SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 51% of respondents had a good level of knowledge, 41.5% were sufficient, and 10.4% were deficient. However, only 9.4% of travelers used malaria chemoprophylaxis, while 90.6% did not. Conclusion: Although travelers' knowledge of malaria chemoprophylaxis was high, their use of it was low, indicating a gap between knowledge and preventive practices. Therefore, more effective educational strategies and efforts are needed to increase compliance with malaria chemoprophylaxis among travelers.

Eat healthy and living healthy are essential requirements for a long life. Unfortunately, today's world has been adapted to a system of consumption of foods that has several adverse effects on health. Globalization and urbanization significantly impacted eating habits and forced many people to consume fancy and high-calorie fast foods, popularly known as Junk foods. Healthy, nutritious foods have been replaced by the new food mantra – junk food. This global problem of consuming junk food can be prevented by health education, which can greatly contribute to its limited consumption and switching over to healthy eating habits for better living. This study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of a planned teaching program through a structured knowledge questionnaire. A quantitative research approach and pre-experimental one group pretest post-test research design were adopted to conduct the study. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of adolescents regarding the harmful effects of junk food. Pre-test was taken on first day, followed by the planned teaching programme to the group, and then the post-test was taken after seven days. In pre-test majority of adolescents (65%) had an average level of knowledge, but in post-test majority of adolescents (55%) had a good level of knowledge. There was a significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score (t = 9.590, p = 0.0001) at p<0.05 level. There were significant association of the selected socio-demographic variables, age, and educational status. The planned teaching program was highly effective in enhancing the knowledge of adolescents regarding the harmful effects of junk food. Aims: Aims: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the planned teaching programme regarding knowledge and the effectiveness of Junk food. Methodology: Materials and Methods: A Pre-experimental study was conducted using one group pre-test, post-test design to assess the lev

Background: Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a life-threatening form of heart failure that can occur during the late stages of pregnancy or in the postpartum period. Limited knowledge among postpartum mothers regarding early detection of PPCM may contribute to delays in seeking appropriate medical care, thereby increasing the risk of severe complications. Purpose: To determine mothers' knowledge of early detection of peripartum cardiomyopathy and postpartum help-seeking practices. Method: A quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of postpartum mothers within 0–6 months after delivery. A total of 236 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring knowledge of early detection of PPCM and medical care-seeking behavior. Data analysis included univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. Results: The majority of respondents were within the healthy reproductive age range, with a mean age of 28.44 years, and most did not experience symptoms related to PPCM during pregnancy or after childbirth. Most respondents demonstrated a good level of knowledge regarding early detection of PPCM. The chi-square test showed no statistically significant association between postpartum mothers’ knowledge of early detection of PPCM and their medical care-seeking behavior (p = 0.704). Conclusion: Knowledge of early detection of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy among postpartum mothers has not yet been reflected in their medical care-seeking behavior. Other factors, including risk perception, family support, accessibility of health services, and cultural influences, may play a more substantial role. Strengthening continuous health education, family-centered interventions, and community-based early detection programs is recommended to prevent PPCM-related complications.

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common reproductive health problems among women of reproductive age and can interfere with daily activities and productivity, while limited knowledge regarding proper management often leads to ineffective handling of menstrual pain. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge of women of reproductive age regarding dysmenorrhea management through health education at PMB Lina Contesa. The activity employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach involving women of reproductive age visiting PMB Lina Contesa. Health education was delivered through counseling and interactive discussions using leaflet media. Knowledge levels were measured before and after the intervention using a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively and comparatively. The results showed an increase in participants’ knowledge after the educational intervention, with most respondents shifting from low to moderate knowledge levels before education to good knowledge levels after education. These findings indicate that health education on dysmenorrhea management is effective in improving women’s understanding, highlighting the importance of continuous educational programs in midwifery care settings as a promotive and preventive strategy for women’s reproductive health