Role Of Gold Research Articles

Applications of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review.

Current treatments for acne are often accompanied by undesirable side effects and contribute to antibiotic resistance. Gold and silver nanoparticles are an emerging treatment method with potentially fewer adverse effects. To evaluate current literature discussing the various uses of gold and silver nanoparticles in the potential treatment of acne vulgaris. A search of PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases was conducted through April 22, 2020 to identify studies using gold or silver nanoparticles in the treatment of acne vulgaris. 16 original articles were identified in the systematic review including clinical studies, case reports, and in vitro publications. The available evidence found gold nanoparticles to be effective when combined with phototherapy to target overactive sebaceous glands and bacteria, or to mediate localized, targeted drug release. Silver nanoparticles have primarily been studied for their antibacterial properties. This review found gold and silver nanoparticles to be a promising treatment for acne vulgaris. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to determine clinical efficacy and the role of gold and silver nanoparticles in the treatment algorithm for acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(6):666-670. doi:10.36849/JDD.5762.

Gold, Uncertainty, Macroeconomy, Inflation Hedging and Safe Haven in Indonesia

This study examines the impacts of monetary policy uncertainty and macroeconomic variables on gold price dynamics in Indonesia. Monthly time series data was used for the period of January 2009 till December 2018. Indonesia has the second place after Thailand as a country with the highest gold demand in Southeast Asia. but, there are less studies about role of gold as safe haven in Indonesia and this study is the first one that specifically included the uncertainty variable of US monetary policy in the model using ARDL-ECM approach. The ARDL-ECM approach is applied to find out are the gold price dynamics in Indonesia influenced by macroeconomic shocks or by the movements of gold price itself in the previous period. The empirical results of this study indicate that gold plays an important role as inflation hedging and safe haven in Indonesia. This study proved that in the short-term and long-term, gold price in the previous period, exchange rate, and IHSG have a negative and significant relationship on gold prices dynamics in Indonesia, while the London gold price and inflation have a positive and significant relationship on gold price movement in Indonesia. The high level of US monetary policy uncertainty and uncertainty in global economic conditions has led to an increase in gold prices in Indonesia.

Gold in the international reserves of countries

Subject. The article addresses the enhanced position of gold as the main international reserve asset of countries. Objectives. The purpose is to prove the increasing role of gold as the main financial asset in the international reserves of countries throughout periods of economic volatility. Methods. The study rests on economic analysis, statistical, economic, and systems approach. Results. Annual changes in the structure of international reserves of the Russian Federation show a decrease in reserve assets denominated in foreign currency. The reserve position in the IMF makes up about 1% of the country's total assets, and SDR-denominated reserve accounts – from 1 to 2 percent. The share of monetary gold has increased; the overall increase in Russian gold reserves amounts to over 14%, in USD. Conclusions and Relevance. Currently, the reserves of six largest leading countries in terms of gold reserves amount to over 20 thousand tonnes of the precious metal. However, the presence of large gold reserves does not always allow the gold to occupy a leading position in the structure of international reserves of countries. This is evidenced by statistics from China, Switzerland and other countries. The U.S. reserves contain the largest amount of physical gold, its value at the official price that was established after the dollar devaluation in 1973 is as follows: one Troy ounce of the precious metal (31.1 grams) is equivalent to 42.2 USD.

Hedging against risks associated with travel and tourism stocks during COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of gold

The global lockdowns including movement restrictions during COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the hospitality business negatively and by extension the trading of related stocks such as travel & tourism stocks. Owing to the long standing hedging potential of gold, we examine whether this potential can be extended to the travel & tourism stocks in order to hedge against the associated risks caused by the current pandemic. Using daily data from January 2016 to July 2020 and constructing optimal portfolio strategies, we find that gold serves as a very strong hedge and safe haven for travel & tourism stocks, most especially in the pandemic period. This conclusion validates the inclusion of gold in the diversified portfolio of travel & tourism stocks in order to improve the risk‐adjusted return performance for investors in the sector particularly during COVID‐19 pandemic.

Сучасні тенденції ціноутворення золота в умовах пандемії COVID-19

This article analyzes the dynamics of gold yield for the period 2010 — 2020 in the world market in general and in Ukraine in particular. The problems of economic consequences of the pandemic impact (COVID-19) on certain aspects of the financial and monetary system of Ukraine and the leading countries of the world are studied in detail. The role of gold as a financial asset in

The GOLD market as a safe haven against the stock market uncertainty: Evidence from geopolitical risk

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the US stock market and the gold price in the presence of geopolitical tensions and conflicts by introducing the recent index calculated by Caldara and Iacoviello in 2016, namely the Geopolitical Risk Index. This study highlights the benefit of using gold in the role of hedging and diversifying investment portfolios. We consider the monthly gold price, the S&P500 index, and the Geopolitical Risk Index from January 1985 to December 2018. We employ an MV-GARCH model and dynamic copula to investigate the return link and volatility spillover between these two markets. The empirical results indicate that the S&P500 correlates less with gold during peaceful periods (i.e., a low GPR index) and more during periods characterized by extreme political events. This indicates that gold is a good diversifier and safe haven, particularly during great tension. We also find that the role of gold in hedging against S&P500 volatility is considerable, especially during highly tense periods.

Frontispiece: Role of Gold in Inflammation and Tristetraprolin Activity

Frontispiece: Role of Gold in Inflammation and Tristetraprolin Activity

Role of Gold in Inflammation and Tristetraprolin Activity.

The zinc finger protein tristetraprolin (TTP) regulates inflammation by downregulating cytokine mRNAs. Misregulation results in arthritis, sepsis and cancer, and there is an interest in modulating TTP activity with exogenous agents. Gold has anti-inflammatory properties and has recently been shown to modulate the signaling pathway that produces TTP, suggesting that TTP may be a target of gold. The reactivity of [AuIII (terpy)Cl]Cl2 with TTP was investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy, spin-filter inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. AuIII was found to replace zinc in the protein active site in the reduced AuI form, with the AuI ion coordinated to two cysteine residues in a linear geometry. The replacement of ZnII with AuI results in loss of both secondary structure and RNA binding function. In contrast, when ZnII TTP is bound to its RNA target, no replacement of ZnII with AuI is observed, even in the presence of excess AuIII terpy. This discovery of differential reactivity of gold with TTP versus TTP/RNA offers a potential strategy for selective targeting with gold complexes to control inflammation.

Forecasting stock market volatility: the role of gold and exchange rate

The objective of our paper is to show that gold and exchange rate volatility is predictive of stock volatility from both in-sample and out-of-sample perspectives. There exists very significant predictability from gold and exchange rate volatility to Hang Seng Index (HSI) return volatility among in-sample results. The out-of-sample results demonstrate the gold and exchange rate volatility extracts significantly useful information for Hang Seng Index (HSI) return volatility. Furthermore, the performance of the predictive ability of gold and exchange rate volatility is robust during business cycles and incremental framework.

Flotation enrichment of resistant gold ores

Ores of the Vasilkovsky deposit include arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, gold, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, faded ore (tennantite)S, bismuthine, native bismuth, lellingite, molybdenite, cubanite, bornite, antimonite, relict minerals, magnetite, apatite and apatite chromite, sericite, chlorite, potassium feldspar, tourmaline), quartz, carbonates (siderite, ankerite, calcite), fluorite, barite. Arsenopyrite is the main ore mineral. It contains the bulk of gold, as well as impurities - copper, cobalt, nickel, bismuth, zirconium, titanium, lead, zinc, antimony, silver, molybdenum. Bismuth and its minerals are widespread, they are constantly associated with arsenopyrite, forming intergrowths with native gold, less often with chalcopyrite and faded ore. Native gold is distributed very unevenly, forms the finest precipitates ranging in size from tenths of a micron to 0.063 mm, grows together with quartz, arsenopyrite, pyrite and bismuth minerals. Rich ores were formed by combining bismuthcontaining associations with arsenopyrite. The role of gold in arsenopyrite increases with depth. Ores are of the gold-quartz-sulfide type. Quartz in ore up to 90 %, sulfides from 3 to 5 %. The content of harmful impurities (arsenic) reaches 2 % or more. Ores are refractory, require special technology for the beneficiation and extraction of gold.

ГРОШОВО-КРЕДИТНА ПОЛІТИКА ТА ФІНАНСОВЕ ПОСЕРЕДНИЦТВО В УМОВАХ ВИМОГ «БАЗЕЛЬ III»: ГЛОБАЛЬНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ

Introduction. The article deals with the peculiarities of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in the implementation conditions of the Basel Committee requirements on Banking Supervision "Basel III". The problem of the mechanism violation of the classical monetary multiplier, the imbalance of the monetary circulation system, the frequency increase of debt defaults and the amplitude of macroeconomic fluctuations in the global economic system are marked as a study result of the effects of the credit mitigation policy conducted by the US Federal Reserve amid the global financial crises of the last decade and changes in the nature of financial intermediation based on the synthesis of asset securitization and structured finance instruments. The purpose of this article is to investigate changes in monetary policy and financial intermediation in the implementation context of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Basel III as a source of imbalance in the global economy. Research methodology. The system method, method of scientific abstraction, methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical, comparison, generalization, scientific prediction were used. Results. The article deals with the implications of implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Basel I and Basel II in the area of monetary policy and financial intermediation; peculiarities of monetary multiplier mechanism operation in modern conditions are revealed; the possible consequences of implementing Basel III requirements for the mechanism of monetary supply formation in the world economy are analysed; the change in the role of gold as monetary metal in central bank foreign exchange reserves and the implications of these changes in terms of price dynamics and the distribution of real wealth in the global economy are examined. Conclusions. It is proposed to consider the requirements of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision "Basel III" as such, which will exacerbate the volatility of global financial markets, increase the likelihood of increasing the frequency of debt defaults and, given the possibility of using gold as a means of redistribution of real wealth in the global economy, will cause an increase in the amplitude of macroeconomic fluctuations. Keywords: monetary policy; financial intermediation; the central bank; US Federal Reserve; Basel III; bank capital structure, monetary base; money multiplier, correspondent accounts; money supply; monetary gold; global economy.

O OUTRO LADO DA MOEDA: estimativas e impactos do ouro do Brasil no tráfico transatlântico de escravos (Costa da Mina, c. 1700-1750)

Historians have shown how the discoveries of gold in Brazil led to a rise in the demand for African labor, which in turn led to a stronger presence of Luso-Brazilian slave traders at the Mina Coast. However, few works have explored the specific role of gold in slave-trading activities in the Bight of Benin. Based on quantitative and qualitative data, this article offers an estimate of gold exports to the Mina Coast and analyzes its role in the slave-trading transactions involving Luso-Brazilians in that region.

Gold as a Possible Alternative to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer Treatment

Due to the increasing incidence and high mortality associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Classic chemotherapy against CRC is based on oxaliplatin and other cisplatin analogues; however, platinum-based therapy lacks selectivity to cancer cells and leads to deleterious side effects. In addition, tumor resistance to oxaliplatin is related to chemotherapy failure. Gold(I) derivatives are a promising alternative to platinum complexes, since instead of interacting with DNA, they target proteins overexpressed on tumor cells, thus leading to less side effects than, but a comparable antitumor effect to, platinum derivatives. Moreover, given the huge potential of gold nanoparticles, the role of gold in CRC chemotherapy is not limited to gold(I) complexes. Gold nanoparticles have been found to be able to overcome multidrug resistance along with reduced side effects due to a more efficient uptake of classic drugs. Moreover, the use of gold nanoparticles has enhanced the effect of traditional therapies such as radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, or photodynamic therapy, and has displayed a potential role in diagnosis as a consequence of their optic properties. Herein, we have reviewed the most recent advances in the use of gold(I) derivatives and gold nanoparticles in CRC therapy.

The Role of Money, Cryptocurrency and Gold in the Modern Monetary Policy

The subject of the researchis the modern understanding of money and its interaction with cryptocurrencies and gold as an important aspect of the monetary policy.The purposes of the researchwere to define the concepts of commercial physical money and symbolic credit money and characterize the modern credit money while treating cryptocurrencies as specific tokens suitable for money transfers and other operations. The paper gives assessment of the blockchain technology as a promising IT product ft for practical use in many sectors of the economy. The role of gold in the modern economy is analyzed. The specific features of the new method of attracting investment — the initial coin offering (ICO) — are considered. It is noted that a new sector has emerged in the modern economy and its financial sphere with elements of self-organization based on IT products. The paper emphasizes the need for legal support of the issue and circulation of cryptocurrencies. It is asserted that nowadays gold has completely lost its monetary function and the reasons for its accumulation by the states are explained. The prospects for the coexistence of modern money and cryptocurrencies are evaluated.It is concludedthat the money function of gold ceased in the twentieth century, which is an undisputable fact. The world of physical money is in the past. The current world gold market exists only thanks to the Washington Gold Agreement of 1999 renewable every five years. The world economy is still facing a difficult period of adjusting cryptocurrencies to being used as new tools in the world of credit money and securities.

금의 주식에 대한 헤지와 안전피난처 역할 -한국과 미국의 경우-

금의 주식에 대한 헤지와 안전피난처 역할 -한국과 미국의 경우-

Does the Shari’ah screening impact the gold-stock nexus? A sectorial analysis

This article investigates the relationship between stocks and gold while considering the impact of the Shari’ah screening applied by Dow Jones. The main contribution of this paper relies on the distinction between risk-averse and risk-seeking investors as well as between stocks’ sectors. Using daily data from the Dow Jones indexes and the London gold market over the 2002–2014 period, the results show that there is a significant difference between Shari’ah-compliant and conventional stocks for most sectors. Risk-averters prefer investing in conventional stocks, while risk-seekers prefer investing in Shari’ah-compliant stocks. Considering the role of gold, risk-averters prefer investing in portfolios with gold, while risk-seekers prefer investing in portfolios without gold, regardless of Shari’ah-compliant or conventional stocks. A time-varying analysis shows that gold is a safe haven for risk-averse investors in downward periods of stocks’ prices.

Is gold a Sometime Safe Haven or an Always Hedge for equity investors? A Markov-Switching CAPM approach for US and UK stock indices

This paper re-examines gold's role as a tool for investors to manage their portfolio risk. We begin by assessing gold's average relationship to an investor's diversified equity portfolio by applying the basic Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to UK and US equity indices. Next, we apply a Markov-switching CAPM to assess whether two distinct states exist between gold's relationship with the Market Portfolio. This approach allows the data to determine if two separate states exist and, if so, whether one state matches the definition of a Safe Haven from the literature. Using this new approach, we find that gold is consistently a Hedge, but that no distinct Safe Haven state exists between gold and UK or US stock markets.

Is Bitcoin a hedge, a safe haven or a diversifier for oil price movements? A comparison with gold

This study assesses the roles of Bitcoin as a hedge, a safe haven and/or a diversifier against extreme oil price movements, in comparison to the corresponding roles of gold. We use a quantile-on-quantile regression approach to capture the dependence structure between the considered market returns under different Bitcoin market conditions, while considering nuances of oil price movements, compared to gold. Our findings show that both Bitcoin and gold would serve the roles of a hedge, a safe haven and a diversifier for oil price movements. However, this property seems to be sensitive to the Bitcoin's and gold's different (bear, normal or bull) market conditions and to whether the oil price is in a downside, normal or upside regime. By controlling for new and relevant U.S. and global uncertainty indicators, we confirm that both Bitcoin and gold, but not oil, are assets where investors may park their cash during times of political and economic turmoil. The conditional Value-at-Risk (CoVaR) approach to risk management is then conducted, providing robust evidence of the usefulness of each of the Bitcoin and gold in expanded oil portfolios, in terms of diversification opportunities and downside risk reductions.

КУРС РОССИЙСКОГО РУБЛЯ И РОЛЬ ЗОЛОТА В МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ

КУРС РОССИЙСКОГО РУБЛЯ И РОЛЬ ЗОЛОТА В МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ

KINGS AND GODS OF ASIAN SCYTHIA (Based on the Material of the Arzhan-2 Barrow)

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the mythology of the nomads of the Tuva early Scythian times. An attempt to determine the status of a man and a woman buried in the burial of the Arzhan-2 mound is made on the basis of archaeological data and works on the reconstruction of the mythology of the Scythian-Saka tribes. The study showed that the man was a «king» with the attributes of Yima’s progenitor, and the woman was associated with the goddess of the royal hearthstone Tabithi. In addition, the role of gold in the funeral rites of early nomads and the correspondence of archeology and written sources are examined.