Background. The medical speech therapist is an integral part of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team (MDRT) of the inpatient medical rehabilitation department (IMR) for patients with impaired central nervous system (CNS) function. The medical speech therapist's activities are aimed at both restoring socially significant communication skills and normalizing the vital function of swallowing, which directly affects the quality of life and overall rehabilitation outcomes. The development of effective personalized speech and swallowing recovery programs requires a specialist to have a standardized diagnostic toolkit (MASA, BODS-1, L.I. Wasserman scale, Dysarthria Assessment Scale, CRS-R, etc.), the ability to formulate a rehabilitation diagnosis in the ICF categories, set goals for the rehabilitation stage, and work with medical documentation. Well-coordinated teamwork and collaboration between a medical speech therapist and MDRC specialists and other consulting doctors ensure a comprehensive approach to patient care. Main Contents. To analyze the role of a medical speech therapist in the second stage of medical rehabilitation for patients with CNS disorders based on the analysis of data from hospitalized patients in 2023-2025. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of data on the work of a medical speech therapist for 2023-2025 was conducted. All the analyzed data was obtained from the medical records of inpatient patients. Results. The majority of patients hospitalized for medical rehabilitation required medical speech-language therapy. Swallowing and speech disorders were diagnosed in different years in an average of 78% of patients with central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Among the speech-language pathology diagnoses, the following prevailed: aphasia (26%), dysarthria (29%), and dysphagia (4%). Among all patients with aphasia, mixed forms predominated in 63.5% of cases. In cases of dysarthria, moderate to severe degrees of impairment accounted for up to 6% of cases. The combination of dysphagia and dysarthria was observed in different periods in 14.5% of cases. A significant proportion of patients with dysphagia had severe swallowing impairments. In 6% of patients with dysphagia, indications for airway and digestive tract separation were identified. A total of 5.7% of patients required the selection of alternative feeding methods (placement of a nasogastric tube or gastrostomy). Conclusion. A promising area for improving speech therapy services is the implementation and standardization of protocols for early diagnosis of speech and swallowing disorders, as well as the development of algorithms for subsequent correction of impaired functions. These approaches optimize the process of restoring higher mental functions (speech) and swallowing, improving the quality of life for patients, and contributing to better prognosis and prevention of secondary complications.

Global Pathways to Thriving Children: Implementing Large-scale Multi-Component Nutrition and Child Development Programs.

Communication with parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) setting is both important and uniquely challenging. Prior research has established that communication quality directly effects patient and parent outcomes in the NICU. A range of provider types comprise the interprofessional NICU team, each bringing a unique perspective. Yet, there is limited literature reflecting these diverse points of view. Although NICU staff often endorse the sentiment that high-quality communication is essential for excellent patient care, it is not clear that providers in different roles define "high-quality communication" in the same way. To explore interprofessional perspectives of NICU personnel on communication quality. One-question semi-structured interviews were conducted with NICU staff. Thematic analysis was used to explore and compare themes across disciplines. Sixty-two staff members were interviewed. Two thematic categories emerged: messaging and dynamics. Messaging sub-themes included: 1) clarity (setting goals; clear and direct language; avoiding jargon; ensuring parents understand) and 2) timing and approach (unhurried; frequent; timely; proactive). Dynamics sub-themes included: 1) team interactions (inclusivity; respect; consistency) and 2) parent-centeredness (parents as key stakeholders; identifying and adapting to needs; creating a safe space; empathy; offering flexible modes of communication). Although staff members across disciplines have different foci relative to communication quality, excellent communication among teams is essential to ensuring high-quality communication with families. Improving team dynamics, equipping teams with a shared model of communication quality, and ensuring adequate staffing may improve communication.

Anxiety is the most prevalent mental health condition, causing significant distress, disability and cost. This pilot study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of an eight-week self-directed online exercise intervention, supported by wearable activity monitors (WAMs), for mid-life and later-life adults with clinically significant anxiety, and provided preliminary estimates of effectiveness. The Exercise Therapy to Reduce Anxiety (ExTRA) project recruited 21 participants aged 40-77 years with Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) anxiety scores >7. The ExTRA online platform integrated with the WAMs, and provided information about anxiety, exercise programmes and strategies to help meet national physical activity guidelines, overcome barriers and set goals. ExTRA was feasible, with a 63% recruitment rate and 100% retention rate. Overall, evaluation questionnaire responses demonstrated high acceptability. At week 8, WAM average steps/day increased by 1358 (p = 0.036, Hedge's g = -0.47), and fairly/very active minutes (3/6 metabolic equivalents) increased by 81.2 min/week (p = 0.024, g = -0.51), with moderate effect sizes. There was no statistically significant change on the self-report Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The DASS-21 anxiety score reduction of 2.3 (p = 0.060, g = 0.42) from baseline to week 8 approached statistical significance. DASS-21 stress and depression scores were significantly reduced by 3.9 (p = 0.013, g = 0.57) and 3.7 (p = 0.02, g = 0.53), respectively, from baseline to week 8. There was no significant change in self-efficacy or dementia risk. The ExTRA intervention is feasible and acceptable, with positive signals for increasing objectively measured physical activity and improving mental health. Findings support and inform the design of randomised controlled trials to assess efficacy of this potentially automated and scalable intervention.

Land conservation initiatives worldwide are poised to continue rapid growth. Ranging in scale, scope, and mechanisms, these efforts include area-based conservation, incentive-based protection, and community collective management. Evidence from across fields now indicates that it is possible for land conservation to jointly improve environmental conditions, generate positive net local economic benefits, and support social equity. Yet the key policy elements that can lead to this type of multidimensional success are not well understood. Here, we review the considerable body of existing research on land conservation and propose eight emerging design principles that conservation actors can employ to support "win-win-win" outcomes: 1) identify and support credible pathways of change, 2) set goals for all outcomes, recognizing their interdependencies, 3) accommodate multiple needs and uses through spatial or place-specific differentiation, 4) facilitate temporal resilience through diversification and limits, 5) foster nested governance, 6) integrate information structures for environmental and social outcomes, 7) assess policies using counterfactual-based analysis and adaptive management, 8) establish lasting institutions and funding mechanisms. Although these design principles will likely change and evolve, they provide an evidence-grounded framework to support current and future efforts to steward global lands.

Abstract Introduction Despite advancements in the assessment and management of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH), patients encounter significant delays in diagnosis. Additionally, many patients experience residual symptoms that impact quality of life (QoL). This initiative aimed to examine barriers to IH management and develop practical approaches to address identified needs in care. Methods Between May 2024 and July 2025, three US-based sleep clinics participated in a quality improvement initiative. Clinics participated in audit-feedback sessions to evaluate real-world data, identify gaps in evidence-based assessment and management of IH, and develop action plans. Follow-up sessions were held to assess progress and refine action plans. Data was collected through baseline and follow-up clinician surveys and patient chart audits. Patient survey data was collected in collaboration with Hypersomnia Foundation. Results Patients’ (N=90) top barrier to IH diagnosis was delays with assessment and referral (32%) and missing appointments (28%). Clinicians’ (N = 54) reported that overlapping symptoms with other conditions was the top challenge to diagnosing IH (51%). Determining the most effective medication or combination of therapies (43%) was clinicians’ top challenge in managing patients’ symptoms. While most clinicians reported assessing treatment response to inform management decisions (64%), only 31% of patient charts (N=80) had follow-up measures such as repeat Epworth Sleepiness scale and other assessments at baseline. Moreover, most patients (69%) feel the burden of IH on QoL was high or very high (Likert 4/5) with many experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness (44%) and sleep inertia (44%) despite treatment. Clinicians’ (N=139) set goals to screen and assess for IH earlier, increase follow-up assessment and regularly review treatments. Substantial improvements were observed in the documentation of follow-up measurements as well as counseling and services related to symptoms and QoL on follow-up chart audits (N=90). Conclusion This initiative demonstrated actionable strategies to improve IH evaluation, treatment, and follow-up care through evidence- and team-based approaches. Support (if any) This program was supported by an independent medical educational grant from Jazz Pharmaceuticals.

This study systematically examined how different types of regulated learning (i.e., self-regulation, co-regulation, and socially shared regulation) develop over time in different proficiency 11th-grade EFL pairs with ADHD during collaborative writing tasks. Using a maximal variation design, the study focused on two EFL pairs with ADHD, one high-proficiency and one low-proficiency, selected based on their pretest performance in terms of writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency. During 16 weeks, the pairs were asked to write eight collaborative tasks during which their interactions were recorded (16 h). After each task, learners submitted reflective logs, and at the end of the study, they participated in semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that co-regulation was the dominant type of regulation in both pairs’ productions over time. Then, the high-proficiency pair increasingly demonstrated socially shared regulation, while the low-proficiency pair relied more on self-regulation. In addition, different developmental paths were reported for each pair in terms of the sub-categories of each type of regulation: planning (setting goals, clarifying task conditions, deciding on how to carry on with the task, and assigning roles and responsibilities), monitoring (assessing own or partner’s understanding, monitoring progress, questioning to check understanding, and realizing a mistake), and evaluating (reviewing the group’s entire progress). The reflective logs highlighted the learners’ awareness of their regulated learning process; the interviews, coded through Engestrom’s Activity Theory, highlighted differences in the way the pairs perceived the components of the collaborative activity.

Importance. The active introduction of artificial intelligence tools and technologies into all spheres of human life is significantly transforming the traditional methods of teaching foreign languages. There is an emerging pedagogical triad “teacher – artificial intelligence – learner”, where neural networks act as an active third party in the process. Artificial intelligence automates routine operations, helps with the search for materials, data processing, visualization, formatting of sources and evaluation of texts, thereby freeing up time for tasks requiring deeper human thinking. Neural networks provide instant feedback from educational and social to conditionally creative. Their integration is particularly effective for developing students’ writing skills, including writing essays in a foreign language. Materials and Methods. The study involved students ( N = 48) of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration in the field of preparation 41.03.01 “Foreign Regional Studies”. To test the effectiveness of the author’ methodology, seven stages of learning are developed as part of the work: 1) setting goals and objectives; 2) explaining the rules of author ethics; 3) interacting with an artificial intelligence tool; 4) checking the text with a neural network; 5) finalizing the text; 6) discussing the results of interaction in small groups; 7) verifying the text of the teacher’s work). Results and Discussion. According to the experiment results, it is revealed that the author’s method of developing students’ writing skills based on technological solutions based on artificial intelligence had a positive effect on mastering active vocabulary ( t = 2.3 at p = 0.015), the structure of essay types ( t = 2.46 at p = 0.01) and the content of the work ( t = 3.71 at p = 0.0005). In terms of the grammatical design of the text, a comparative analysis of the data did not reveal any differences between the samples ( t = 1 at p = 0.16), which is explained by the students' possession of the necessary grammar knowledge at a high level before the experiment. Conclusion. The novelty of this research lies in of a step-by-step methodology development for improving writing skills in students of higher educational institutions. The results obtained can be used in future research in the formation of individual writing skills such as grammar, spelling, argumentation, work plan creation, conclusions using artificial intelligence tools.

Importance. “Chinese modernization” is a new concept put forward at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2022. The report of the 20th CPC Congress provided answers to key theoretical and practical questions – what is Chinese modernization, what are its goals, what ways it is implemented and why it is considered as an integral theoretical system. In March 2026 the 4th session of the National People’s Congress (NPC) of the 14th convocation politically updated the topic by reviewing the draft main provisions of the 15th five-year program for National Economic and Social development (2026–2030). China is entering a new five-year period: in a short period of the country’s history, a program for its modernization will be implemented until 2035 unprecedented in the history of mankind. By 2035 China’s economic power, scientific and technical potential, defense capability, combined national power and international influence will change dramatically, and living standards will increase, which will, in fact, be the final point of the socialist modernization process. Materials and Methods. The source is based on official documents of the CPC and a broad scientific discourse on the ways of Chinese modernization in the world historical and political sciences. The research has incorporated a significant set of general scientific and specialized methods, mainly from historical and political science. Results and Discussion. The research substantiates that the real content of the concept of “Chinese modernization” is not identical to the concept of “modernization of China”. “Chinese Modernization” is a concept and theory with new content. It serves as a theoretical and conceptual generalization of a new stage in the development of China’s modernization practice, as well as a programmatic setting and strategic goal that defines the CPC's activities to lead the Chinese people at a new historical stage. Conclusion. Chinese modernization as a practical policy does not offer a fixed template for the modernization path; its Chinese specificity lies primarily in the articulation of the values and prin ciples underlying China’s modernization. These include: the leadership role of the CPC as a fundamental guarantee; orientation towards the people as a central principle; achieving the universal prosperity of the people; the coordinated development of material and spiritual civilization; the harmonious coexistence of man and nature; following the path of peaceful development.

Diligence is a value that encompasses consistent and meticulous effort toward achieving a set goal, effective time management, openness to lifelong learning, acting with a sense of responsibility, maintaining self-confidence and self-regulation, and the integration of these traits into daily life; it is influenced by achievement, biological potential, and the desire for recognition. This study aims to describe the views of primary school students regarding the value of diligence. The study employed an embedded single case study design, a qualitative research method, in which the value of diligence was examined through the analytical units of city, district, and village. Data were collected from 249 primary school students in 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades through a semi-structured interview form, which included both written expressions and drawings. The data were analyzed using content analysis methods, including frequency analysis, categorical analysis, and contingency (relational) analysis. According to the research findings, the students’ descriptions of the value of diligence were evaluated under the categories of school life, achievement, determination, socialization, time management, personal development, biological potential, external influence, internal influence, health, studying, and peer bullying. It may be recommended that these categories be taken into consideration in the education of the value of diligence.

It is substantiated that an important management task in the personnel management system is currently to reassess and rethink approaches to staff motivation in wartime realities in order to combine in motivational strategies tools and ways to satisfy the interests of different categories of stakeholders in the sphere of labour relations and personnel management of organizations. The purpose of the study was to specify and generalize the personnel, financial and legal aspects of implementing motivational strategies for personnel management of enterprises in wartime realities. To achieve the set goal, the methods of content analysis of professional economic literature, the monographic method, and the generalization method were used. As a result of the study, the influence of war, wartime risks and military actions on staff motivation was outlined, the legal risks and financial consequences for the enterprise from ineffective motivational strategies were specified, proposals were made for adapting classical forms of motivation to wartime realities, and innovative forms of staff motivation were generalized. A list of personnel aspects of motivational strategies for personnel management of enterprises in wartime realities is proposed, which includes: the need to prevent personnel risks by integrating risk management tools into the enterprise’s management system; the formation of clear guidelines for the quantity and quality of personnel necessary for the enterprise to achieve strategic goals, taking into account various scenarios of changes in external environmental trends in wartime realities; the distribution of motivational tools in accordance with the stage of personnel management: planning of personnel indicators, employee onboarding, increasing intellectual capital, developing human resources potential, monitoring personnel work, ensuring personnel reliability, and dismissing employees. The legal aspects of motivational strategies for personnel management of enterprises include: compliance with the working time regime; ensuring proper working conditions in accordance with the legislation; compliance with minimum social guarantees and maintaining the level of wages within regulatory and legal limits; fixing forms of employee motivation in the collective agreement, labour agreements and other documents; ensuring opportunities for employees to rest; guaranteeing occupational safety while at the workplace and on the territory of the enterprise; official employment and transparent remuneration. The financial aspects of motivational strategies of personnel management include: giving preference to non-material forms of motivation, taking into account the resource limitations of enterprises in wartime; developing budgets for financing motivational measures and monitoring their compliance; finding sources of financing for the use of motivational tools; introducing a system of minor but stable periodic revision and increase in the level of remuneration; ranking bonuses and other forms of material motivation depending on the rating of employees’ achievements (monthly and annual).

The article examines the specifics of the relations that develop in connection with the implementation of entre-preneurial activities from the point of view of public law regulation. The article shows the close connection be-tween the public legal regulation of entrepreneurship and the national interests and goals of socio-economic development of the state enshrined in strategic planning documents. It is proved that “administrative and eco-nomic relations” should be recognized as the most accurate term for relations arising as a result of public law regulation of entrepreneurial activity. In the context of the goals of socio-economic development, the concept of administrative and economic relations is clarified, and their structure is disclosed. It is proved that other partici-pants in administrative and economic relations who have a special legal status and are characterized by a spe-cific set of private socio-economic interests include: non-profit organizations that express the interests of small and medium-sized businesses and perform certain publicly significant functions; authors, consumers, and em-ployees. The conclusion is formulated that the role of public authorities is to consolidate the economic activities of different groups of participants in administrative and economic relations around the goals of socio-economic development set out in strategic planning documents by coordinating the private interests inherent in the repre-sentatives of each of these groups. This fundamental thesis should determine the content of public law regula-tion of entrepreneurship and the degree of government interference in the freedom of entrepreneurial activity.

This is a systematic review that summarizes the existing body of literature about the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated diagnostic frameworks and scalable self-sampling systems to detect cervical cancer screening. The analysis particularly reviews the AI use in risk stratification and image diagnostics applications and compares the performance metrics, scalability prospects, economic analysis, and practical implementation of the applications. The extensive review of peer-reviewed publications by analyzing articles published during the 10-year interval between January 2014 and June 2024 shows that deep learning architecture consistently demonstrates sensitivity and specificity rates over 90%, which are much higher in controlled research studies than traditional cytology and colposcopy processes 1,37. The integration of patient self-sampling approaches contributes greatly to the screening participation rates, especially when it comes to underserved and resource-restricted settings. Extensive implementation literature shows significant potential in terms of reducing costs and improving access to healthcare services, but major issues still exist when it comes to data heterogeneity, clinical validation processes, and integration frameworks in health systems. The aggregate results highlight the potential sponsorship these AI-based solutions have to achieve in enhancing the global cervical cancer prevention strategies and bring them closer to the potential goals of elimination set by the World Health Organization.

Setting goals and evaluating goal attainment are pivotal performance management activities that may have adverse unintended consequences on employee outcomes, their organizations, and even society at large. In the present study, we investigate the associations between perceiving goals as invariable and employee outcomes, and whether these associations are moderated by pay-for-performance-contingency and individual differences in desire for money. Perceiving goals as invariable refers to the extent to which employees believe that goals are absolute standards that must be met even though they are not believed to contribute to, or even conflict with, work performance. In a two-wave study of 585 employees from various organizations and countries, we found that perceiving goals as invariable was negatively associated with intrinsic motivation and positively associated with extrinsic motivation and job-related anxiety. In addition, the negative association between perceiving goals as invariable and intrinsic motivation was strengthened by pay-for-performance based on individual measures. In contrast, employee differences in desire for money weakened the associations between perceiving goals as invariable and intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and job-related anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of considering contextual influences in understanding the adverse effects of goal-setting in organizations.

Evaluation of the impact of motivational interviewing by a physiotherapist on the older patient's participation in the rehabilitation program and the care relationship: the MOTIV-Age qualitative study.

Purpose : To examine mean score changes of students’ work-avoidance (WA) goals for running in physical education from fifth to eighth grade and their relationships with persistence/effort and intention for future running participation. Methods : Participants included 793 American students (427 boys and 366 girls), who were tracked from Grades 5 to 8 in school. Questionnaire data were collected at the end of each school year. Primary data analysis included growth modeling and path analysis. Results : Mean scores of students’ WA goals for running declined from fifth to sixth grade but gradually increased toward the end of eighth grade. Students’ WA goals longitudinally and negatively predicted their persistence/effort and intention for future running participation in physical education. Conclusion : The observed prolonged and negative effects of WA goals on students’ outcomes in the present study suggest a need to develop effective strategies to prevent students from adopting WA goals in physical education settings.

Supportive housing, which provides subsidized housing with on-site support, is an integral part of the housing continuum. Moving on Initiatives (MOIs) assist people living in supportive housing who no longer require on-site support to access housing in the private market, thereby increasing system capacity while offering individuals choice and control over their housing. The objective of this study was to understand the experiences of adults with homelessness experience who moved from supportive housing to private market rentals through a Toronto-based MOI. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 participants and program administrative data was reviewed. In alignment with theories on agency-centered housing transition, findings showed that participants chose to enroll in the MOI to continue their journey to independence. While securing affordable and appropriate rental options proved to be challenging, support from staff made the process manageable. Most participants appreciated their new home, connected with friends and family, and set goals for their future. Despite receiving a rent supplement, many struggled with the cost of living and feared that losing financial assistance could push them back into housing instability and, ultimately, homelessness. Findings highlight the need for deeply affordable housing, and adequate rent supports that are indexed to local rent inflation.

The effect of high school only financial education on financial literacy, financial knowledge, and adult financial outcomes: Some treatment effect evidence from the National Financial Capability Study

Self-regulatory organizations act as a mechanism for redistributing public administration functions, which makes it possible to minimize the labor costs of its subjects without loss, and in some cases even with an increase in the effectiveness of achieving set goals. However, unlike successfully functioning similar structures in industries such as auditing and construction, this institution does not exist in its traditional form within the media sector. Its place is occupied by associations and unions, whose activities, as a rule, are limited to the exchange of experience and do not include real managerial functions. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of a self–regulatory organization that makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of public administration in the media sphere. Materials and methods. Qualitative and scenario analysis methods, efficiency assessment methods, and comparative analysis were used in the work. The study is based on regulatory and legal documents (both Russian and international), academic publications on the issues of self-regulation and public administration in the media sector, as well as data on the activities of industry associations in Russia and abroad. Results. The current model of state governance in the media sector is based on a two-tier regulatory system implemented by the state and industry bodies, without the involvement of self-regulatory organisations. The research analyzes the activities of such organizations and evaluates their effectiveness. Both foreign examples operating in the media sphere and domestic ones operating in related fields are considered. The results of the analysis indicate the expediency of introducing self-regulation into the media sphere in order to increase the effectiveness of public administration. On this basis, an appropriate model has been developed that takes into account the interests of the state and media entities, as well as necessary changes in the regulatory framework for its implementation. Conclusions. The use of a partnership or subordinate model for the implementation of self-regulatory organisations in the media sector entails significant risks, which necessitates the development of a compromise approach. A model for such an organisation is proposed, the key feature of which is to ensure a balance between the interests of the state, media sector stakeholders and the audience. This balance is reflected in maintaining an appropriate level of state control and regulation, whilst optimising costs within the media sector; in providing media organisations with a genuine opportunity to promote their own interests and defend their rights; and in relieving the public of the need to search for reliable sources of information and carry out fact-checking themselves.

This study examines the implementation of learning media by teachers for young learners at Anubanwangmaisat School, Satun, Thailand. Teachers play a crucial role in the educational process, particularly in selecting and applying instructional methods and media that support the achievement of learning objectives. The effectiveness of teaching largely depends on how appropriately teachers align methods and media with students’ characteristics, subject matter, and classroom situations. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with teachers to explore their perspectives and practices regarding the use of learning media. The findings indicate that teachers utilize various learning media to create engaging classroom environments. The use of appropriate and interesting media contributes to increased student participation, active interaction, and improved confidence in expressing ideas or questions during lessons. Overall, the study highlights the importance of strategic media integration in supporting instructional effectiveness and enhancing learning experiences for young learners. The findings suggest that thoughtful selection and implementation of learning media can significantly contribute to achieving educational goals in primary education settings.