Goal Of Technology Transfer Research Articles

FEATURES OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MODERN REALITIES OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to the definition and analysis of the features of international technology transfer. The aggravation of the economic situation in Ukraine, first as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, and later as a result of a full-scale invasion, significantly affected all socio-economic processes both within our country and on a global scale. The result of such modern challenges was a slowdown in global economic growth. In order to activate the innovative environment in Ukraine, it is necessary to solve the issue of ensuring the exit of domestic progressive technologies, including those produced by small and medium-sized enterprises, to world markets. Therefore, international transfer is the priority direction of Ukrainian innovation policy. Since the goal of technology transfer is precisely the economic growth and improvement of the population’s well-being, its development acquires urgent significance in terms of solving the problems outlined above. The article examines the essence and features of international technology transfer. The positive features of technology transfer are identified. The stages of technology transfer are characterized. In the conditions of recovery and development of the Ukrainian economy, the construction of an effective technology transfer mechanism will be based on the construction of an effective mechanism of interaction between the state and business structures, the development of technology transfer centers, and the expansion of state policy in the field of technology transfer. It has been determined that increasing the efficiency of the technology transfer mechanism will contribute to increasing the level of development of information and communication technologies through the creation of specialized scientific and technological platforms. Forms of technology transfer are outlined. Sources of technology transfer commercialization are considered. The main methods of commercialization of technology transfer are defined.

Компании Китая в высокотехнологичных отраслях экономики США

Over recent years a new wave of ChinaOs direct investments in the U.S. high-tech sectors has attracted great attention. These investments are crucially important as the sector is a major asset to both competitiveness of the economy and national security. The article analyzes the factors driving ChinaOs investment activity abroad and also the main components of the strategy implemented by the national companies. ChinaOs growing foreign direct investment/FDI has been driven mostly by the deterioration in the domestic operating environment, a more open policy for outward FDI and also the facilitating role of the state. Motivated by the acquisition of technology, Chinese companies have significantly increased their investments in the U.S. high-tech industries (ICT, health care and biotechnology, automotive and energy sectors). But the main goal of Chinese investors is not generating profit that would have corresponded to the market economy. Investment is one of the means for China to accomplish its technology transfer goals. In response to macroeconomic pressure in 2017 China abandoned plans to liberalize its capital account and is now exercising tight oversight of outbound investment flows. US legislative measures adopted by the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018, the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 and tariffs impacted negatively on ChinaOs investment in the U.S. economy. The potential for Chinese outbound investment growth remains large, but the political uncertainty in both countries hinders its realization

Strategy for promoting low-carbon technology transfer to developing countries: The case of CCS

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is the critical enabling technology that would reduce CO 2 emissions significantly while also allowing fossil fuels to meet the world’s pressing energy needs. The International Energy Agency analysis shows that although the developed world must lead the CCS effort in the next decade, there is an urgent need to spread CCS to the developing world. Given technologies for reducing GHG emissions originate mainly in developed countries, technology transfer, as an important feature emphasized by both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, therefore has a key role to play in bridging a gap between developed and developing countries. The main objective of this paper is to explore potential policies and schemes promoting the transfer of CCS technologies to developing countries. First, it reviews the global CCS status, analyzes the significant gap of CCS in developed and developing countries, and investigates stakeholder perceptions of diffusing CCS to China, which is a major developing country and a significant potential candidate for large-scale CCS deployment; then the authors make an attempt to understand technology transfer including its benefits, barriers, and definition. The UNFCCC explicitly commits the developed (Annex I) countries to provide financial and technical support to developing countries under favorable terms. The authors argue that the ultimate goal of technology transfer should not only be limited to apply CCS in developing countries, but also to enhance their endogenous capabilities, which will enable future innovation and ensure long-term adoption of low-carbon technologies. As a result, the authors propose a four-pronged approach to the transfer of CCS technologies, which involves physical transfer of explicit technologies, a financial mechanism, endogenous capacity building, and a monitoring mechanism. Concrete enhanced actions to promote CCS technology transfer are also proposed. The four-pronged approach and related enhanced actions proposed in this paper are also applicable to other low-carbon technology transfer.

A Strategy for Improving the Technology Transfer System in Afghanistan through ATMA Model Using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Approach

The goal of technology transfer is to improve the livelihoods of rural households and communities. This goal is proposed to be achieved by pilot-testing a sustainable and integrated water and land management strategy in selected districts and provinces that will introduce or expand the use of high-value, water-efficient crop and livestock systems to increase farm household income. Where these new agricultural innovations and/or value-added systems are proven to be effective, then the next step will be to scale-up these innovations to other producer/farmer groups within the current and/or other comparable agro-ecological zones/districts within the country. An additional purpose will be to organize farmer, producer, community and/or self-help groups (especially for rural women) at the community level so they can learn procedures for marketing specific high-value crops and products, as well as in managing their water resources at the community level. The paper discusses the methods and strategies using participatory rural appraisal to evolve a workable model for developing the agricultural sector in two provinces of Afghanistan, namely Balkh and Nangarhar.

Technology transfer: international collaboration in Sri Lanka

The real tests for technology transfer are whether such transfers have contributed significantly to the vibrant development of the recipient industry. Technology transfer (TT) process that is knowledge driven demands a recipient industry with adequate capacity for absorbing new knowledge. International joint ventures and subcontracts employed in building material and construction can be serious vehicles of TT provided they contribute to providing higher quality inputs into the wider industry. These issues are examined through a survey of construction subcontracts during the period 1985–2002. The respondents indicated that moderately favourable conditions for TT existed in the completed projects. Nonetheless, the paper argues that negligible real productivity changes in construction in Sri Lanka in the recent decade point to stagnation in growth in local absorptive capacity. China in contrast has placed a balanced emphasis on upgrading building materials and equipment, design and construction, and built up an impressive absorptive capacity, with modernisation of the entire industry in prospect. The paper suggests advance planning for TT in foreign funded projects to ensure greater participation of local firms, together with a balanced focus on efficient and timely execution of projects, the profitability of participants, and realisation of TT goals.

Symétrie et asymétrie des alliances dans une industrie en mutation : le cas des télécommunications

The aim of this article is to analyze the reconfiguration of corporate strategies as seen through the symmetrical and asymmetrical alliances in a changing industry, that of telecommunications. Basing our analysis on a large database devoted to alliances in the telecommunications equipment industry (1099 alliances formed by 700 firms between 1988 and 2002), we want to show that symmetrical alliances predominantly involve firms from industrialized countries in a race for innovation and technologies development, while asymmetrical alliances mainly involve firms from industrialized countries on one side and firms from developing countries on the other with the goal of technology transfer and market conquest. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Building evaluation capacity for HIV prevention programs

HIV prevention programs, even those using science-based interventions, need to conduct evaluation to support the implementation and transfer of effective interventions, account for services, demonstrate effectiveness, and improve programs. The Program Evaluation Research Branch of the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, assists health department grantees and other CDC grantees by providing evaluation guidance, technical assistance (TA), and training in order to build their HIV prevention program evaluation capacity. Together, these evaluation resources assist grantees with overall implementation of evaluation and identify specific types of evaluation appropriate to each stage of intervention development. This paper describes the evaluation developmental process for different types of evaluation activities, provides a framework for building evaluation capacity, discusses the evaluation resources provided by CDC and gives examples of how evaluation TA and training support the overall technology transfer goals.

The federal role in drug abuse technology transfer: a history and perspective

The past 30 years have seen a focus on substance abuse research in association with the creation of federal agencies specifically mandated to guide that effort. While research has been well supported and largely productive, there has been increasing concern with the slow pace of adoption of the findings from that research. The history of those efforts suggests a long-standing concern with knowledge development, and a continuing reliance on print media to achieve knowledge application. Nonetheless, evidence from other human service fields, and increasingly from the substance abuse field, indicates interpersonal strategies are dramatically more effective in achieving the individual and organizational behavior change needed to achieve technology transfer. Argument is made that the federal government remains the best, if not the only resource for promoting technology transfer. A paradigm is described to further federal efforts in this area, and structural elements suggested for the achievement of technology transfer goals.

Technology transfer subcontracting in developing countries through

Past discussions on technology transfer (TT) in construction have mainly focused on technology acquisition during the execution of projects involving an overseas party. This paper extends this discussion to the problems and prospects of internal transfer of technology within the domestic construction sector in order to boost indigenous construction capacity. Empirical evidence from subcontracting arrangements in Sri Lanka is used to test the theoretical analysis. The theoretical framework identifies three interdependent TT goals. Effective transfer of technology within the confines of single projects cannot be a major vehicle for TT to domestic industries as a whole unless advanced knowledge gained in such projects is effectively diffused within the domestic industry. Nevertheless, joint ventures and subcontracting arrangements involving foreign parties can be beneficial. For the effective internal transfer of technology, the design and construction systems employed in internationally managed projects should seek to facilitate the internal transfer of technology and thereby boost domestic construction capabilities. The possible approaches to achieve this outcome are considered in detail. Les discussions conduites dans le passé sur les transferts de technologies (TT) dans le secteur de la construction ont porté, pour l'essentiel, sur l'acquisition de technologies dans le cadre de l'exécution de projets faisant intervenir un partenaire étranger. Cet article étend le débat aux questions et perspectives de transferts internes de technologies dans le secteur de la construction d'un pays, l'objectif étant de relancer les capacités de construction nationales. Pour vérifier l'analyse théorique, on prend comme exemple pratique des arrangements de sous-traitance au Sri Lanka. Le cadre théorique recense trois objectifs de TT interdépendants. Un transfert de technologie efficace dans le cadre de projets uniques ne peut constituer un vecteur majeur de TT pour les industries nationales prises dans leur ensemble, sauf si les connaissances de pointe acquises dans de tels projets sont réellement transmises à l'industrie du pays. Les co-entreprises et les arrangements de soustraitance faisant intervenir des partenaires étrangers peuvent cependant être profitables. Pour qu'un transfert de technologie interne soit efficace, il faudrait que les systèmes de conception et de construction utilisés dans les projets à direction internationale cherchent à faciliter les transferts de technologies internes et dopent ainsi les capacités de constructions nationales. L'article analyse en détail les méthodes qui pourraient permettre d'atteindre ce résultat.

The rhetorical infrastructure of technology transfer as a source for professional growth

Socializing technology is the rhetorical goal of technology transfer. Specialists from all walks of the technical communications profession can participate in this goal by involving themselves in key processes such as developing market awareness, creating inreach and outreach programs, and facilitating collaborative ventures. By broadening the market for our services in the technology transfer movement, we will increase the scope and value of our skills in a high-visibility endeavor that will be on the national agenda for years to come. >

Expert systems for medical diagnosis: A study in technology transfer

Expert systems continue to evolve for specific applications in medical diagnosis. This is necessary because the influx of new information is so massive that the expert systems must be specialized. The research methodology for this study was based on the usage patterns of expert systems in clinical pathology with data obtained at 94 US medical schools from 202 medical-school-based clinical pathologists. The study showed the link between the use of expert systems in medical schools and within the professional medical community. Initial education in medical schools and ongoing communications through residency programs, post-doctoral fellowships and clinical usage at university hospitals with the goal of technology transfer between medical schools and physicians, seem to represent the future for this valuable diagnostic technique.

Making Technology Transfer Happen

Barriers to effective technology transfer (TT), such as conflicting goals, are examined and a system of incentives suggested to allow TT to proceed. A categorization of general systems, subsystems, and elements (individuals) is used to discuss examples of the major barriers and incentives at each level. Experience indicates that the subsystem and element level are responsible for most of the problems. A methodology for monitoring and system control is outlined in nine steps: (1) Identify TT goals of research and development (R and D) and company subsystems; (2) develop joint TT goals: (3) R and D personnel identify tasks and time requirements; (4) cpmpany personnel identify tasks and desired TT time; (5) joint design of tasks and time; (6) select incentives; (7) initiate TT activities; (8) introduce incentives; and (9) evaluate effectiveness. 8 references.