Nitric oxide-responsive hyaluronic acid hydrogel microspheres enable anthocyanin protection and inflammation-triggered release.

Investigation of energy storage and relaxation behaviors in P(VDF-HFP)-grafted-Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) polymer thin films

Abstract To obtain sustainable polymers with a wide range of applications, a series of β‐farnesene (Far)‐glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) copolymers were successfully synthesized via thermal initiation emulsion polymerization at 60 °C, with varying molar ratios. The poly(β‐farnesene‐glycidyl methacrylate) copolymer with f Far = 0.15–0.75 exhibited conversions >90% with M n = 25 300–87 700 g mol −1 . Glass transition temperatures T g were determined to be in the range −65.9 to 31.3 °C. Furthermore, reactivity ratios were investigated for the β‐farnesene‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer. Monomeric compositions in the copolymer were determined by 1 H NMR and reactivity ratios were calculated using two methods, the Kelen–Tudös method and the error in variables method using RREVM software, yielding 𝑟 Far = 0.5098 ± 0.0509 and 𝑟 GMA = 0.1975 ± 0.0197; these values suggest the formation of copolymer with a tendency to alternate. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

ABSTRACT Given the increasing depletion of petrochemical resources and the intensification of environmental issues, the development of high‐performance bio‐based functional materials is crucial for achieving sustainable development. This study utilized renewable rosin as the raw material. Rosin‐based ester was prepared through an esterification reaction with glycidyl methacrylate, which was subsequently reacted with diisocyanate of different structures (aromatic/alicyclic) to synthesize a series of rosin‐based polyurea materials containing dynamic urea bonds. The influence of diisocyanate type on the material properties was systematically investigated. The results indicate that polyurea constructed from alicyclic diisocyanate exhibited superior comprehensive performance. Benefiting from the synergistic reversible effects of the dynamic urea bonds and hydrogen bonds within the material, the resulting materials not only demonstrate good mechanical properties (tensile strength reaching 4.29 MPa) but also possess excellent self‐healing capabilities (scratches could be completely repaired within 6 h at 100°C). Additionally, these materials combine good thermal stability with coating performance. This study provides an effective strategy for developing self‐healing bio‐based polymeric materials.

ABSTRACT Amid the global “double‐carbon” initiative, melting‐grafted polypropylene (PP) insulation presents a promising technical route for next‐generation power cable systems due to its recyclability, satisfactory dielectric performance, and engineering practicality. However, its universality across both high‐voltage alternating current (HVAC) and direct current (HVDC) systems remains to be fully assessed. In this study, we selected a mature polar grafted PP system: glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)‐grafted PP, to experimentally evaluate its performance and elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms. The results demonstrate that GMA‐grafted PP exhibits excellent DC dielectric performance, including a 24.6% enhancement in breakdown strength and significantly improved space charge distribution, whereas its performance under AC conditions remains unsatisfactory. The GMA‐induced trapping‐detrapping process is proved a key factor contributing to DC improvements, while the study also highlights that polymeric degradation during the melting grafting process, as well as the high polarity of GMA, are responsible for the unfavorable AC performance. In conclusion, 5% (weight percent) GMA‐grafted PP is highly suitable for HVDC cable insulation, but the degradation associated with the melting grafting process is a crucial and urgent issue to be addressed, for the development and universality of high‐capacity recyclable cable systems.

Heavy metal ions are notoriously difficult to remove from water systems without the infrastructure present at a drinking water treatment plant. This work aimed to develop membrane adsorbers capable of capturing heavy metals at low pressure to avoid the need for extensive infrastructure. Removal of copper as a representative heavy metal was investigated. Membrane adsorbers were fabricated by using photo-initiated radical polymerization to graft glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) from the surface of polyethersulfone microfiltration membranes. The GMA modified membrane was sulfonated through an epoxide ring opening reaction to introduce sulfonic acid groups. The effect of grafting time and temperature on the degree of grafting and membrane performance (permeability and adsorption capacity) were determined. The reactions conditions that provided best performance were 4 min UV exposure at 35 °C. Under these conditions, the degree of grafting was 9% while maintaining a low operating pressure of 0.1 bar. Five and 6 min of UV exposure time increased the DOG to 19% and 41%, respectively, but compromised low pressure operation. Membrane surface properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Membrane performance was investigated by determining membrane permeability and static and dynamic capacity. The dynamic binding capacity was 64.05 ± 0.6 mg Cu/g grafted weight. Using membranes in series demonstrated linear scaleup. Further at a flux of 135 Lm −2 h −1 the feed pressure was under 0.15 bar ensuring low pressure operation. These results highlight the potential of membrane adsorbers for low pressure removal of heavy metals.

The development of sustainable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) derived from renewable resources is critical for reducing environmental impact and advancing carbon neutrality goals. However, achieving high biobased content often compromises key properties such as temperature resistance and mechanical durability. Herein, we report a sustainable acrylic PSA with approximately 50% biobased content, synthesized from renewable lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA), along with petroleum-derived 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). By incorporating the functional monomer GMA and subsequently cross-linking with aluminum acetylacetonate (AlACA), the adhesive properties were effectively tailored. The optimized PSA containing 10 wt % GMA exhibits a balanced performance with a tack of #5 steel ball, an outstanding shear time of 303 h at 25 °C (and 214.5 h at 80 °C), and a 180° peel strength of 7.7 N/25 mm. Furthermore, the PSA demonstrates exceptional high-temperature tolerance, retaining 75% of its peel strength after 24 h at 120 °C, along with excellent solvent resistance upon immersion in various chemicals. It also maintains 33% of its initial adhesion strength after 50 bonding-debonding cycles. Practical repair tests on diverse damaged materials further confirm its broad applicability. This work presents a sustainable, high-temperature resistant PSA alternative that supports the transition toward a circular economy.

Abstract Chitosan nanofibers, renowned for their unique properties, hold great promise for filtration, wound healing, and other biomedical applications. However, their instability in aqueous environments remains a major limitation, restricting practical implementation. This study introduces a scalable, non-toxic, UV-induced photocrosslinking method that overcomes this challenge while ensuring compatibility with continuous industrial production. To enable rapid photocrosslinking, chitosan was chemically modified with methacrylate groups using glycidyl methacrylate, facilitating efficient crosslinking upon UV exposure. Electrospinning a blend of methacrylated chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide), followed by photocrosslinking, produced nanofibers with significantly enhanced water stability, while maintaining biocompatibility with mammalian cells. Unlike conventional crosslinking techniques that rely on toxic reagents or prolonged thermal treatments, this approach eliminates hazardous chemicals and supports high-throughput, roll-to-roll manufacturing. Furthermore, we investigated the incorporation of gelatin, demonstrating its influence on nanofiber integrity and cell adhesion, which is crucial for biomedical applications. By integrating photocrosslinking into a streamlined industrial workflow developed with our industrial partner, this study removes a key scalability barrier in nanofiber production and offers a viable route to mass production of stable chitosan nanofibers.

Polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) are widely studied candidates, but their poor interfacial compatibility limits practical applications. In this work, PLA-grafted-glycidyl methacrylate (PLA-g-GMA) was synthesized as a novel compatibilizer and incorporated into PLA/PBAT blends (70/30 and 80/20 ratios) at varying concentrations (3–9 wt.%). The grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto PLA was confirmed by FTIR (epoxide peak at 911 cm−1) and GPC (increase in Mw from 192,099 to 254,110 g/mol). Mechanical testing showed significant improvements: tensile strength increased by 34% (64.88 → 86.81 MPa), flexural strength by 22% (97.22 → 118.86 MPa), impact strength by 41% (10.05 → 14.19 J/cm), and Rockwell hardness by 11%. Thermal stability improved with an upward shift of 15–20 °C in degradation onset temperature. SEM micrographs revealed finer and more uniform PBAT dispersion with reduced phase separation, confirming enhanced morphology. Compatibilized blends also demonstrated improved chemical resistance and accelerated biodegradation, with up to 30% higher weight loss after 60 days compared to non-compatibilized blends. These results establish the novelty of PLA-g-GMA as an effective compatibilizer that simultaneously enhances the mechanical, thermal, chemical, morphological, and biodegradation properties of PLA/PBAT blends, making them more suitable for sustainable applications.

ABSTRACT This study presents a method for the preparation of polymeric adsorbents which involves the simultaneous radiation‐induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto Polyamide 6 fibres (GMA‐g‐PA6), followed by the functionalization of the grafted fibres with ethanolamine. The factors, like monomer concentration and radiation dose, which affect the degree of grafting are studied. The prepared polymeric adsorbents were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The adsorbents were evaluated for CO 2 adsorption from a gas mixture of N 2 and CO 2 containing 5%–15% CO 2 , using pressure swing adsorption at four different (1, 3, 5 and 7 bar) pressures. The sample with the highest degree of amination has shown maximum adsorption capacity 1.64 mmol g −1 at 7 bar for 15% CO 2 concentration at 20°C. The CO 2 adsorption on the prepared adsorbents followed a fractional‐order kinetic model. The experimental data aligned effectively with the Freundlich model, reflecting the non‐uniform nature of the adsorbent surface. The regeneration ability of the adsorbent was evaluated over five adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating good stability with minimal loss in adsorption capacity. 2025 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bamboo modification with Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) microemulsion through in-situ polymerization and cross-linking.

This study proposes an approach for creating composite scaffolds combining a robust 3D-printed matrix of poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) with a bioactive filler - chitosan cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (CS-GA). A key feature is the formation of covalent bonds between the epoxy groups of ПГМА and the amino groups of CS-GA. Using methods of IR spectroscopy, SEM, and physico-mechanical testing, it was shown that covalent bonding in the PGMA/CS-GA system provides a significant increase in compressive strength up to 4,8 ± 0,3 MPa in the dry state and 3,5 ± 0,2 MPa in the hydrated state, while maintaining a porosity of > 78 % and a pore size of >200 µm. These results surpass the indicators of a composite based on poly(L-lactide) PLA/CS-GA, where binding occurs via physical adsorption. This strategy overcomes a key limitation of chitosan scaffolds, creating a material with mechanical properties that meet the requirements for imПЛАnts intended for cancellous bone tissue.

3D printed patches based on modified hyaluronic acid with antibacterial and anti-inflamatory properties.

Encapsulation of N-eicosane in ZnO-Modified glycidyl methacrylate based high internal phase emulsion polymers for enhanced thermal conductivity and energy storage efficiency

Reaction routes with glycidyl methacrylate for the incorporation of oleic acid in amphiphilic block copolymers

Nanogels provide unique opportunities for stabilizing fragile enzymes through soft, hydrated polymer networks. Here, we report the development of a glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-loaded nanogel (GPxNG) engineered via a mild “grafting-to” epoxy–amine coupling strategy to enhance enzyme stability and antioxidant function. An amphiphilic copolymer composed of methacrylated 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl (PMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was synthesized by controlled reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA), yielding well-defined polymer chains with reactive epoxy groups. Covalent conjugation between polymer epoxides and GPx enzyme surface amines generated soft, PEGylated nanogels with high coupling efficiency, uniform particle sizes, and excellent colloidal stability. The engineered nanogels exhibited shear-thinning injectability, robust storage stability, and non-cytotoxic behavior in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compared with native GPx enzyme, GPxNGs demonstrated significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, including strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation and copper-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Importantly, the nanogels preserved GPx enzyme activity after extended storage, freeze–thaw cycles, and repeated catalytic use, whereas the free enzyme rapidly lost function. This protective effect arises from the nanoscale confinement of the GPx enzyme within the flexible PEG-based network, which limits unfolding and aggregation. Overall, this work introduces a simple and biocompatible “grafting-to” nanogel platform capable of stabilizing redox-active enzymes without harsh conditions. The GPx nanogels combine high enzymatic preservation, potent antioxidant activity, and excellent handling properties, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic nanoplatform for mitigating oxidative stress-associated disorders such as atherosclerosis.

Although micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings are widely used due to their corrosion and wear resistance, their inherent micro-pore defects seriously affect their service life. The conventional sealing materials to these defects often fail to bond well with the pore wall due to volume shrinkage during curing, resulting in a service life that still does not meet expectations. Here, a novel pore-sealant is prepared to overcome the issue by adding nano calcium sulfoaluminate (CAS) expansive fillers. The modified CAS particles were compounded with glycidyl methacrylate (CAS sealant) and were driven to seal the micro-pores of MAO coatings by negative pressure. Results indicate that the surface porosity of the MAO coating decreased almost to zero after sealing treatment with the CAS sealant. Its low-frequency impedance |Z|0.01Hz remained at 108 Ω·cm2 after 672 h of immersion, which is three orders of magnitude higher than that achieved by traditional sealing methods. The mechanism is that the interface defects at fillers/pore walls are filled by the sealant volume expansion due to CAS water absorption, which significantly inhibits the rate of corrosion medium penetration into the coating.

This study presents water-repellent coatings for pine wood surfaces based on epoxy varnish modified with glycidyl methacrylate–(fluoro)alkyl methacrylate copolymers, achieving superhydrophobic properties with contact angles up to 155° while maintaining the natural texture of the wood. The influence of the application method on the microtexture and water-repellent properties of the coatings has been demonstrated. Incorporating functional copolymers considerably improves water resistance: after 60 days of immersion, water absorption is reduced more than threefold compared to coatings made with unmodified epoxy varnish. Furthermore, the coatings maintain their water-repellent properties and preserve the wood’s appearance even after six months of exposure to the tropical climate of South Vietnam.

ABSTRACT Microspheres derived from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) exhibit remarkable multifunctionality, rendering them indispensable in a broad spectrum of high‐impact fields, including industrial catalysis, environmental decontamination, and biomedical engineering. Their exceptional physicochemical characteristics, coupled with inherent structural tunability, underpin their extensive utility across these advanced technological domains. Their superior physicochemical attributes facilitate their incorporation into innovative material systems, underscoring their critical role in the progression of next‐generation technological innovations. The application of advanced polymerization methodologies enables precise surface functionalization, affording meticulous control over their structural and chemical characteristics to accommodate specific functional requirements. Notable progress has been achieved through the incorporation of tailored functional groups and the development of nanoparticle‐hybridized systems, significantly enhancing their efficacy in chromatographic separation, catalytic processes, and the adsorption of contaminants from aqueous environments. Nevertheless, critical challenges persist, particularly in augmenting their long‐term stability, reusability, and selectivity under complex operational conditions. Future research needs optimization by synthesis protocol and composite formulations to enhance their multifunctional potential. With accelerating scope, these microspheres are poised to serve as critical enablers in the advancement of green chemistry, the enhancement of environmental sustainability, and the stimulation of cutting‐edge innovation within biomedical domains.

ABSTRACT In this study, biodegradable biofilms were developed from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified via free-radical grafting with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and acrylamide (AAM), and reinforced with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized by the sol – gel method. Free radical polymerization, initiated by cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN), enabled the integration of epoxy and amide functional groups, promoting the formation of a structurally stable polymeric network. Structural characterization was performed using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, while thermal and mechanical performance was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. The results revealed a significant increase in storage modulus (E’) in ZnO-reinforced biofilms, maintaining mechanical integrity across a temperature range of 30 to 80°C. UV-aging studies demonstrated that ZnO delayed the loss of key functional groups (O – H and C = O) and mitigated mechanical degradation under prolonged UV exposure. The grafting of GMA and AAM onto CMC significantly improved crosslinking and mechanical strength, while ZnO NPs enhanced UV shielding and thermal stability. The resulting nanocomposite biofilms exhibited improved rigidity, thermal resistance, and photostability compared to unmodified CMC films. These findings suggest that functionalized CMC-based biofilms reinforced with ZnO NPs are promising candidates for sustainable applications in biodegradable packaging and biomedical coatings.