Fe3O4-based nano-fertilizers for simultaneous nutrient supply and remediation of contaminated soils.

With the increasing depletion of conventional oil and gas resources, deep to ultra-deep petroleum resources have become a critical direction for global energy strategies. The scientific evaluation of highly- to overmature source rocks developed in deep to ultra-deep strata is crucial for understanding hydrocarbon generation and accumulation. However, traditional geochemical evaluation methods are generally ineffective in this case. This study integrates Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to effectively analyze source rocks from the Permian Fengcheng, Xiazijie, and Urho formations in the western Peng-1 West Sag, establishing a comprehensive evaluation system suitable for highly-to over-mature source rocks. The results indicate that: (1) Raman spectral parameters can effectively calibrate the maturity of highly evolved source rocks and estimate the vitrinite reflectance ( R o ); (2) FTIR spectral parameters clearly distinguish organic matter (OM) types of source rocks from different sedimentary facies, i.e., Type II 1 in deep lacustrine facies of the Fengcheng Formation → Type II 1 –II 2 in fluvial-deltaic facies of the Xiazijie Formation → Type II 2 –III in semi-deep lacustrine facies of the Urho Formation); (3) The comprehensive evaluation shows that the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks in the study area follows the order: deep lacustrine facies > semi-deep lacustrine facies > fluvial-deltaic facies. This technical system provides a new approach to address the limitations of traditional methods and offers important insights for the assessment of gas potential in similar basins with highly- to over-mature strata. • Integrated Raman-FTIR spectroscopy effectively evaluates the thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potential of highly- to over-mature source rocks in the Junggar Basin. • Raman spectral parameters reliably calibrate maturity and estimate vitrinite reflectance ( Ro ​) in high- to over-mature stages, with a strong correlation ( R 2 > 0.85) between calculated and measured Ro ​. • FTIR spectral parameters clearly distinguish organic matter types across different sedimentary facies, revealing a progressive improvement in OM quality from semi-deep lacustrine to deep lacustrine facies. • A novel A–H–I ternary diagram based on molecular structural parameters enables accurate discrimination of hydrocarbon generation potential, ranking it as: deep lacustrine > semi-deep lacustrine > fluvial-deltaic facies. • A comprehensive workflow combining Raman and FTIR spectroscopy is established, providing a robust and convenient alternative to traditional geochemical methods for evaluating highly evolved source rocks.

This study summarised the global epidemiology, prevention policies, and public health communication strategies related to infant botulism and exposure to honey. A narrative review of epidemiological data was carried out from 1976 to 2024, using surveillance reports, national health agency documents, and peer-reviewed literature. Cases were rare, but honey was the only consistently confirmed dietary source of infant botulism. The median age at onset was 3-4 months, and mortality was below 1% if the infants received intensive care support and specific therapy with human botulism immune globulin. A global review from 2007 to 2021 reported that the USA had approximately 130 cases of infant botulism per year, while Europe, Canada, Japan, and Australia reported markedly lower incidences. Italy had 36 cases between 2001-2020, which represented 8% of all confirmed botulism cases in the country during that period. We found that health authorities uniformly advised against consuming honey before 12 months of age, but warning labels remained voluntary in many regions, and caregiver awareness varied. Strengthened paediatric counselling, harmonised labelling policies, and culturally tailored communication strategies are needed to reduce infant botulism by preventing infants under 12 months of age from consuming honey.

Data processing pipeline for managing enteric methane emissions from sniffer: Application on dairy farming systems.

Effect of malaria parasitaemia on antibody responses to single-dose and two-dose HPV vaccination: results from the DoRIS dose-reduction immunogenicity trial in Tanzanian girls.

Drivers of and implementation strategies for influenza vaccination for cardiovascular populations in China: a scoping review.

Background: Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE/e‑waste) is among the fastest‑growing global waste streams, with complex environmental and health externalities and unexploited resource recovery potential. In parallel, emerging streams such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS/e‑cigarettes) and pressurized gas cylinders present new hazards (chemical toxicity; battery fire risk; pressure vessel failure) that challenge current governance. Objectives: To synthesize peer‑reviewed evidence (2015–2025) on global management strategies across conventional e‑waste and emerging streams, quantify environmental and technical performance, and derive implications for U.S. stewardship (EPR, HHW, retail take‑back, deposit‑refund). Methods: PRISMA‑guided systematic review (PCC/PICOS). Databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, IEEE Xplore, TRID. Eligible designs: empirical studies, LCA, MFA, policy evaluation, economic analyses; English, 2015–2025. Risk of bias: ROBINS‑I/AXIS/CASP; LCA appraised for ISO 14040/44 elements. Results: 132 studies met criteria (WEEE: 83; ENDS: 21; cylinders: 28). Formal EPR systems in high‑income regions consistently outperform voluntary/fragmented regimes on collection efficiency and recovery yields. LCAs show hydrometallurgy often delivers lower global warming potential (GWP) relative to pyrometallurgy for batteries/WEEE, albeit with effluent management constraints; evolving pyrometallurgy can become competitive under optimized pre‑treatment and lithium volatilization. Informal recycling in LMICs is associated with elevated toxic metal exposure and adverse health outcomes. Evidence for ENDS waste management is nascent; peer‑reviewed work highlights battery fire hazards and nicotine toxicity, advocating hazardous‑waste compatible pathways. Conclusion: U.S. stewardship should integrate ENDS and cylinders into national frameworks via mandatory EPR, fee eco‑modulation, retail take‑back expansion, and cylinder requalification/return incentives, alongside investment in domestic battery/WEEE recovery capacity, standardized indicators, and transparent producer reporting.

Obesity is one of the world's leading health burdens. The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise globally, creating significant healthcare and socioeconomic challenges. Effective strategies are essential to address this crisis. To thematically map global obesity management strategies and policies, focusing on policy- and system-level features relevant to national implementation, to inform context-sensitive policy considerations in Thailand and similar health systems. A scoping review was conducted to map global obesity management policies and identify key themes, challenges, success factors, and future directions. Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus, were searched for relevant documents published between January 1, 2004, and June 30, 2024. The gray literature was also reviewed to assess the reimbursement status of obesity medications. The analysis identified three main policy domains: public policy, food security and healthy environments, and healthcare system support. Through the scoping review and thematic synthesis, 19 distinct policy themes were identified. High-income countries generally demonstrated more comprehensive and integrated strategies compared to middle-income countries. Regarding medical reimbursement for obesity treatment, coverage for bariatric surgery was more commonly available across settings, whereas reimbursement for anti-obesity medications remained limited. For example, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) were reimbursed for obesity indications in selected high-income countries, including Denmark and the United Kingdom. In contrast, in countries such as the United States, China, and Thailand (restricted to the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme), these agents were reimbursed primarily for type 2 diabetes rather than for weight management. Integrated strategies that combine prevention and treatment, supported by interagency collaboration, are critical for effective obesity management. Additionally, designing policies that align with the social, cultural, and economic context of each country is crucial for achieving sustainable obesity management.

ABSTRACT Industrial heritage reuse has emerged as a significant phenomenon in Chinese mega-cities, where the state plays a particularly evident role. Existing literature debates the state’s true intention in these practices. Examining the Shanghai Urban Space Art Season from 2015 to 2025, especially the latest 2025 Fuxing Island edition, this study proposes that state-led industrial heritage reuse functions as a global urban strategy. Both culturally and economically, the Fuxing Island case demonstrates clear state efforts toward global city making. This evidence suggests a shifting statecraft behind industrial heritage reuse practices, which operates beyond conventional growth-first logics driving real-estate oriented urban development.

Periodontal diseases are among the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide, with advanced stage contributing to disability, impaired nutrition, frailty, and reduced quality of life. Despite this burden, periodontal care remains weakly integrated into global NCD strategies, limiting public health advocacy and healthy aging. We conducted a conceptual and policy-oriented analysis to identify opportunities for repositioning periodontal care as a public health function. Key domains examined included (a) preventive healthcare through the common risk factor approach; (b) case identification and diagnosis designed to serve both clinical care and population surveillance; (c) de-implementation of care with limited incremental benefit at scale, including the role of payment incentives in shaping utilization. To evaluate long-term affordability, projected global periodontal healthcare expenditure through 2050 was modeled using a cohort-based Monte Carlo simulation, comparing current utilization patterns, expansion to 80% population coverage, and an alternative capitation-informed scenario. Reorienting periodontal care toward proactive, cost-effective prevention and integrating case identification within primary care and NCD platforms offer greater potential for equitable population health gains than simply expanding procedure-intensive treatments. Risk-stratified care pathways based on patient-important outcomes, combined with de-implementation of low-value practices, can preserve oral function while reducing avoidable service volume and costs. Expenditure modeling indicates that achieving high coverage under prevailing fee-for-service delivery would substantially increase global financial burden, whereas a capitation-informed scenario reduced projected expenditure by 30% at the same coverage level, suggesting alternative incentives could expand access with less cost escalation, including in low- and middle-income settings worldwide. Aligning periodontal care with public health principles-prioritizing prevention, value, and equity over treatment volume-is a paradigm shift essential for achieving sustainable improvements in population health, healthy aging, and long-term health-system affordability.

Benefits of pre-screening on more efficient multi-objective optimization of blue-green and grey infrastructures for urban stormwater management.

Cervical cancer mortality trends following HPV vaccination in England, 2001-24: an analysis of population-based mortality data.

Local Control, Global Strategy: Rethinking the Goals of Surgery for Mesothelioma.

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to transferable adversarial examples in black-box scenarios, and targeted attacks that mislead models into predicting specific classes pose particularly severe threats. Feature mixup attacks enhance adversarial transferability by injecting clean features to perturb intermediate representations, yet existing methods suffer from two fundamental limitations: coarse-grained global mixing strategies apply a shared mixing ratio uniformly across all spatial positions, fixing the clean reference for each position to its corresponding location in the clean image and thus limiting the diversity of mixed feature representations during optimization and the transferability of the generated adversarial examples; and standard momentum-based optimization over-aligns with the surrogate model's gradient geometry, suppressing gradient variations essential for escaping model-specific local minima. We propose Fine-grained Feature Mixup Perturbation and Reference-based Gradient Refinement (FMGR) to address both limitations. FFM partitions feature maps into spatially disjoint blocks and mixes each block with clean features drawn from spatially shuffled positions of the same image, breaking the fixed spatial correspondence of clean references and producing more generalizable feature perturbations. RGR selectively amplifies deviations between instantaneous and reference gradients, suppressing surrogate-specific dominant directions and steering optimization toward flatter, more transferable loss regions. Extensive experiments on ImageNet and CIFAR-10 demonstrate that FMGR significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods against both CNN and Vision Transformer architectures while maintaining computational efficiency.

Identifying tumor-specific T-cell antigens is essential for advancing cancer immunotherapy and enabling precision-driven, AI-assisted discovery. While artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have significantly impacted healthcare and biotechnology, existing approaches often struggle with the inherent complexity and sequence dependency of antigen data, resulting in suboptimal predictive performance. In this study, we propose a Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based framework specifically designed to address these challenges in computational tumor T-cell antigen identification. The proposed framework employs hybrid sequence encoding techniques, including Position-Specific Scoring Matrix with Discrete Wavelet Transform (PsePSSM-DWT) and Protein Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (ProtBERT-BFD). To enhance efficiency, a Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)-based global feature selection strategy is applied to select the most informative feature set before model training. The optimized feature set is subsequently used to train the DNN. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed model achieves an average accuracy of 96.16% with a Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.923. These results significantly outperform conventional machine learning and state-of-the-art methods. The proposed framework not only establishes a robust computational baseline for antigen identification but also provides a foundation for potential integration with multi-omics data and real-time immunotherapy workflows.

Invited review: Global census on the development and implementation of direct genetic selection for enteric methane emissions in dairy cattle.

ABSTRACT The US and China are locked in a spiralling geopolitical competition to renegotiate globalization. This competition centres on establishing control over the transnational financial, infrastructure, digital and production networks that have taken shape after the Cold War. We historicize how US structural power became ‘networked’ in the neoliberal era, and theorize how these networks shape current superpower competition. We contend that contemporary structural power flows from the integration of transnational networks. Infrastructure is paramount within US and Chinese global strategies, but it is increasingly bundled with investments in digital and production networks, supported by exclusionary financing. We introduce two examples of ‘network bundling’. China fuses Sino-centric port infrastructure and digital networks by expanding the use of LOGINK. Along the Lobito Corridor, the US steers infrastructure investments in attempts to reconfigure critical minerals value chains. Through bundling, superpowers aspire to leverage power across networks and to lock third countries into new dependencies.

Abstract Accurately predicting the uniaxial compressive strength of ultra-high-performance concrete is vital for optimizing material design and ensuring cost-effective construction. However, existing predictive models often fail to capture the nonlinear relationships inherent in complex UHPC datasets and suffer from extended training times, thereby limiting their accuracy and practical utility. From the perspective of artificial intelligence, this study proposes an enhanced predictive framework that integrates a kernel extreme learning machine with a globally strengthened whale optimization algorithm. The proposed framework introduces three novel mechanisms—adaptive inertia weight, variable helix search, and optimal neighborhood perturbation—designed to improve the algorithm’s global search capability, convergence speed, and solution stability. From the engineering application perspective, the proposed model is applied to three UHPC datasets to predict uniaxial compressive strength. Prior to modeling, feature normalization is employed to reduce the impact of dimensional inconsistency among input variables. Experimental results demonstrate the model’s superior predictive precision, achieving $$R^2$$ R 2 values of 0.8823, 0.8906, and 0.8951 across the datasets. These findings confirm that the integration of advanced AI optimization techniques significantly enhances the performance of predictive models in civil engineering, offering a reliable and efficient approach for ultra-high-performance concrete strength estimation in design and construction workflows.

The global expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1), particularly the clade 2.3.4.4b lineage, has renewed urgent concerns about its pandemic potential in the context of its ongoing panzootic expansion and increasing cross-species transmission. Despite decades of preparedness initiatives, critical technological and structural gaps persist, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where both vaccine access and sustainable manufacturing capacity remain limited. In this perspective, we examine key lessons from past influenza pandemics and global preparedness strategies, including the Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines, highlighting persistent challenges related to sustainable manufacturing capacity and equitable vaccine access. Additionally, we examine the potential of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine platforms to address these limitations, given their rapid design, scalable manufacturing, and adaptability to emerging pathogens. Moreover, we examine the role of neuraminidase (NA) as a complementary antigen capable of broadening immune protection and reducing viral transmission. Finally, we describe recent advances in Latin America, focusing on Argentina's participation in the mRNA Technology Transfer Programme co-led by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP), as a model for strengthening regional manufacturing capacity and contributing to global pandemic preparedness. Together, these elements indicate that effective H5N1 pandemic preparedness will require the integration of improved antigen design, flexible mRNA platforms, and sustainable regional manufacturing systems aligned with global procurement strategies.

Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, the new name for polycystic ovary syndrome: a multistep global consensus process.