The rapid expansion of global communication and collaborative software development has intensified the need for translation systems that can operate across linguistic and technical boundaries. Existing translators primarily focus on human languages and often fail to address challenges related to voice interaction, offline usage, and programming language understanding. This paper presents ArthiX, a language-agnostic translation system designed to support real-time text and speech translation with automatic language detection, local history storage, and offline capabilities. In addition to natural language translation, the system introduces logical translation of programming code across different languages, followed by real-time compilation to validate correctness. ArthiX is implemented as a desktop application using Python-based Natural Language Processing techniques and speech processing libraries. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the system provides accurate translations, responsive performance, and improved usability compared to conventional translators. The proposed approach highlights the potential of unified translation platforms in education, software development, and multilingual communication.

This research examines leader–team interactions in agile software development within a global context, with a focus on effort estimation. Drawing on principal–agent theory, we analyse the interaction on the assumption that the Scrum Master guides the development team under imperfect information. We model the interaction as a sequential game with incomplete information. In the first stage, the Scrum Master allocates resources to the development team; in the second stage, the team exerts effort. Both parties are characterised by types that capture their knowledge and skills. As these types are private information, we derive the Bayesian Nash equilibrium to determine the equilibrium effort levels.

ABSTRACT: Object oriented programming is the most popular programming paradigm in the current Information technology era. This paper focuses on in-depth Object- Oriented Programming paradigm, OOP modelling and design, features of OOP, benefits and challenges of OOP, and languages which follow OOP in recent times. This paper analyzes some of the most important technological innovations in object-oriented software engineering in recent times. One of the most challenging jobs of software developers is to fit the development process in a specific architecture or framework or programming paradigms. This paper focus on advancements in Object technologies that include object cloning, class evolution, introspection and reflection, interfaces, global software development contexts, namespaces, query-able source codes, meta-model for generating design alternatives, magic methods, design pattern detection, auto-active functional verification. This paper discusses current challenges and issues of implementing object-oriented paradigm in software development. KEYWORDS: Objects, Class, Object Oriented Programming, Software Engineering, Software Development.

The software development life cycle places requirement engineering (RE) at its core because of its fundamental importance. Global Software Development (GSD) creates significant difficulties for requirements collection and implementation because it faces challenges including geographical distance and time zone differences and language barriers and cultural differences. Due to difficulties in traditional requirements collection and analysis procedures in GSD projects organizations need to advance their RE process. Over several investigations’ researchers have established that RE process maturity operates as a critical determinant for achieving successful requirements implementation in GSD. The research identifies every potential practice to enhance RE process maturity by analyzing literature through Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The Systematic Literature Review revealed that RE process maturity includes 20 distinct practices as its outcome.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the move from global to local, in relation to FLOSS software projects and their implementation in local communities. The need stems from a gradual ecological collapse which brings about unforeseeable consequences to human civilization and infrastructures. By investigating the process of global development to local infrastructure, more resilient and localized communication solutions can be implemented. Findings This paper aims to find the challenges in moving from global software development to a local implementation of open source infrastructure by mapping out the issues offline-first protocols face in reaching a stage of local implementation of their development and the issues communities face in implementing their own communication infrastructures. These findings can support the steps of moving from global software development projects to locally implemented infrastructures. Method The method is based on semi-structured interviews with four communities and four protocols with a minimum of 2 interviews with each project and community. At the end of the project an online workshop is hosted enabling collective reflection for the communities and projects, and potential knowledge sharing. Originality The research of moving from global to local is extensively explored through the scaling and commercialization of software. By flipping the approach around and looking at global software developments implementation in local communities this paper delves into a relatively unexplored, and necessary, area of research. The research also supports the active implementation of FLOSS projects for real communities striving towards data-sovereignty and local infrastructures.

Requirements elicitation is an essential process of Requirements Engineering which involves defining stakeholders’ preliminary requirements. This process becomes more critical when dealing with Global Software Development because it involves many stakeholders situated in different locations, leading to an increase in communication problems like cultural diversity, scheduling conflicts, or tacit knowledge, among others. With the aim of carrying out effective communication among stakeholders and reducing such communication problems, the EliciNet social network is proposed in this study to support the three activities of the elicitation process: (1) identifying the individual stakeholder or stakeholder classes, (2) eliciting stakeholder preliminary requirements from the identified stakeholders, and (3) integrating, refining, and organizing the collected information. Moreover, a case study was designed and conducted to empirically validate EliciNet in the context of a small-sized software organization and obtain data for assessing their positive influence when obtaining quality preliminary requirements. The obtained results demonstrate that among EliciNet users, there was greater diversity in the stakeholders identified, an increase in the quality of the elicited preliminary requirements, as well as a greater number of preliminary requirements.

Integrating Pull Request Comment Analysis and Developer Profiles for Expertise-Based Recommendations in Global Software Development

Analyzing Relationships Between Success Factors of Project Management in Global Software Development

Global digital transformation is reshaping traditional business models and creating unprecedented opportunities for international technological collaboration through the use of distributed teams. The information technology sector has become a critical driver of economic growth, with the global software development market projected to exceed one trillion dollars by 2032. This expansion is accompanied by a paradigm shift in technology development and delivery, where distributed cross-cultural teams have become essential for modern IT project implementation. Ukraine has emerged as a significant player in the global IT services market, exporting to 147 countries and generating substantial revenues. However, the industry operates in an increasingly competitive environment, facing challenges from established regional hubs in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as the global outsourcing leader, India. Ongoing geopolitical tensions have created additional complexities, necessitating that the industry demonstrate resilience while maintaining its international competitiveness. This article addresses critical questions regarding Ukraine's position in the international IT ecosystem: How does the structural composition of Ukrainian IT companies, by business model, compare to that of major competitors? What distinctive features characterize Ukraine's export potential and vertical specialization patterns? How do key macroeconomic indicators and cost-efficiency metrics of Ukrainian IT services compare to Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, and India? What unique competitive advantages enable Ukraine to effectively participate in distributed cross-cultural teams within global IT projects? By examining these questions through rigorous comparative analysis, the research aims to provide insights into Ukraine's specific strengths and limitations that define its role in the international IT ecosystem and its capacity to serve as a reliable hub for global technology development initiatives.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, software development plays a critical role in driving innovation and enhancing organizational efficiency. This paper explores the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that significantly influence the outcomes of software development projects. By examining key components such as stakeholder involvement, effective commu- nication, and robust project management practices, the paper provides a comprehensive framework that can guide teams toward achieving their project goals. The analysis highlights the importance of well-defined requirements, skilled teams, and strong project management, while also addressing challenges unique to global software development. The findings suggest that a multifaceted approach, which integrates technical proficiency with effective communication and stakeholder engagement, is essential for navigating the complexities of software development and ensuring project success.

Accessible mammography datasets and innovative machine learning techniques are at the forefront of computer-aided breast cancer diagnosis. However, the opacity surrounding private datasets and the unclear methodology behind the selection of subset images from publicly available databases for model training and testing, coupled with the arbitrary incompleteness or inaccessibility of code, markedly intensifies the obstacles in replicating and validating the model's efficacy. These challenges, in turn, erect barriers for subsequent researchers striving to learn and advance this field. To address these limitations, we provide a pilot codebase covering the entire process from image preprocessing to model development and evaluation pipeline, utilizing the publicly available Curated Breast Imaging Subset of Digital Database for Screening Mammography (CBIS-DDSM) mass subset, including both full images and regions of interests (ROIs). We have identified that increasing the input size could improve the detection accuracy of malignant cases within each set of models. Collectively, our efforts hold promise in accelerating global software development for breast cancer diagnosis by leveraging our codebase and structure, while also integrating other advancements in the field.

Uncovering Non-native Speakers’ Experiences in Global Software Development Teams——a Bourdieusian Perspective

Context: Finding practices of critical challenges are essential in global software development (GSD).Practices of different challenges have discussed in literature in dispersed form that need a proper method to make them useful.Objective: To find out the practices of critical challenges in GSD. New practices helps team to work collaboratively with new products and features and to improve the overall quality of the development process. Some challenges have different background with unique practices which can be find out through a proper process. Method: Systematic literature review (SLR) is used to find out the practices of critical challenges in GSD.Result: Some common practices are ‘Use of synchronous and asynchronous communication technologies’, ‘Use of modern tools and technologies for GSD’, ‘Frequent/regular agile meetings’, ‘Role of effective management’, ‘Process maturity’, ‘Role of liaison’ and ‘Clear roles and responsibilities of duty’.

Change is an inherent process in software development. Customer demands, corporate needs, and scalability are just a few of the reasons why requirements may vary. Managing these changes on time is critical to developing effective software. However, due to distributed team structures and geographical obstacles, requirement change management (RCM) is not an easy task, particularly in global software development (GSD). Furthermore, no collocated RCM model or organizational structure is currently available for performing GSD. This study provides a revolutionary unified paradigm for managing requirement engineering in GSD. The study is validated by a survey. The findings indicate that the suggested research will assist software businesses in solving the shifting requirement difficulties in the GSD environment, allowing them to execute projects effectively.

ABSTRACT Effective project planning and management in the global software development landscape relies on addressing major issues like cost estimation and effort allocation. Timely estimation of software development is a critical focus in software engineering research. With the industry increasingly relying on diverse teams worldwide, accurate estimation becomes vital. Software size serves as a common measure for costs and schedules, but advanced estimation methods consider various variables, such as project purpose, personnel expertise, time and efficiency constraints, and technology requirements. Estimating software costs involve significant financial and strategic commitments, making it crucial to address complexity and versatility related to cost drivers. To achieve enhanced accuracy and convergence, we employ the cuckoo algorithm in our proposed NFDLNN (Neuro Fuzzy Logic and Deep Learning Neural Networks) model. Through extensive validation with industrial project data, using Function Point Analysis as the algorithmic models, our NFA model demonstrates high accuracy in software cost approximation, outperforming existing methods insights of MRE of 3.33, BRE of 0.13, and PI of 74.48. Our research contributes to improved project planning and decision-making processes in global software development endeavours.

Abstract Finding software developers with expertise in specific technologies that align with industry domains is an increasingly critical requirement. However, due to the ever‐changing nature of the technology industry, locating these professionals has become a significant challenge for companies and institutions. This research presents a comprehensive overview of studies exploring suitable recommendation systems that can assist companies in addressing this pressing need. To conduct this study, we employ a hybrid systematic mapping approach with an initial number of 1,251 studies and a final selection of 21 studies. Our work focuses on collecting data on key technologies, methodologies, and data sets utilized in proposed recommendation systems, to design a new recommendation system that can effectively identify specialists capable of aligning specific technical knowledge with industry domains. The outcomes of this study include insights into the current research trends in this field, alongside a practical overview of considerations necessary for developing a recommendation system that successfully meets the criteria for aligning technical skills with industry domains. By following a hybrid systematic mapping methodology and presenting the outcomes in the form of insights, this research addresses the challenge of finding software developers with domain‐specific expertise in a rapidly changing technology industry, laying the groundwork for aligning technical skills with industry domains.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a conceptual model to measure the performance of onsite-offshore based global software development project (OGSDP) teams. The model is formulated through a review of literature and and a set of focus group studies, and it considers team composition, knowledge growth of the team members and project characteristics. Strategic policy analysis is then conducted using real-life case data from five global software development projects. The results highlight the significant influence of team composition and project characteristics on OGSDP team performance. Heterogeneities among team members may hinder knowledge-growth, thus leading to time and cost overruns as well as increase in latent errors. The model may help software managers to theoretically assess and optimise team composition at the beginning of a project, enabling them to anticipate team performance well in advance. In summary, this research offers practical insights into improving the performance of distributed software teams (which are smaller in size and duration), aiding software managers in achieving successful project outcomes.

This study advances knowledge in the AI field. It provides deep insight into current industry generative AI inclusion systems. It shows both literature and practical leading industry operations can link, overlap, and complement each other when it comes to AI and understanding its complexities. It shows how to structurally model and link AI inclusions towards delivering a suitable sustainability positioning. It shows approaches to integrate external AI contributions from one firm into another firm’s intelligences developments. It shows how to track, and maybe benchmark, the progress of such AI inclusions from either an external or an integrated internal software developer perspective. It shows how to understand and create a more sustainable, AI-integrated business positioning. This study considers firm artificial intelligence (AI) and the inclusion of additional external software developer engineering as another AI related pathway to future firm or industry advancement. Several substantive industrial warehousing throughput areas are discussed. Amazon’s ‘smart dynamic warehousing’ necessitates both digital and generative ongoing AI system prowess. Amazon and other substantive, digitally focused industry warehousing operations also likely benefit from astute ongoing external software developer firm inclusions. This study causally, and stagewise, models significant global software development firms involved in generative AI systems developments—specifically ones designed to beneficially enhance both warehouse operational productivity and its ongoing sustainability. A structural equation model (SEM) approach offers unique perspectives through which substantive firms already using AI can now model and track/benchmark the relevance of their prospective or existing external software developer firms, and so create rapid internal ‘net-AI’ competencies incorporations and AI capabilities developments through to sustainable operational and performance outcomes solutions.

Effective knowledge sharing among software developers is crucial for maximizing software development output throughout the software development lifecycle. Building upon Triandis’ Facilitating condition, this study explores the moderating impact of two factors, namely Organizational support and Technological support, on the relationship between knowledge sharing intentions (KSI) and knowledge sharing behavior (KSB). Specifically, the study investigates the impact of KSB on individuals’ job performance in global software development organizations. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 302 Malaysian participants working on global software development projects. The collected data was analyzed using Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS. The results reveal that only organizational support, among Triandis’ Facilitating conditions, moderates the relationship between KSI and KSB. Moreover, the study finds that KSB mediates the relationship between knowledge sharing intentions and job performance. The findings of this study provide practical and theoretical implications for software developers.

Software development in a context where development locations are separated across geographical regions, either nearby or internationally, is quickly becoming a popular practice. This software development agreement is often mentioned as Global Software. "Global Software Development (GSD) is also known as Distributed Software Development (DSD) or Global Software Engineering (GSE)". Plans carried out by a scattered squad have been identified by way of a more dangerous and hard enterprise than projects carried out by teams working below a similar roof. As a result, considering the possible obstacles and appropriate mitigation techniques for GSD is critical for operating a successful project. Software development is divided into stages of requirements, analysis, designs, coding, and testing. The creation of software in globalized settings is frequent and significant in today's world of software development. This paper emphasizes the condition of software product transmission, which deals with software testing in an overseas site, as part of numerous globalized scenarios.