This paper argues that to understand the Cultural and Creative Sectors (CCS) we need a wholesale re-conceptualisation of its economic organisation to render visible its production system. We counter the model of the sole artist engaged in craft production, or the corporate industrialised mass production of commercial products, with a more nuanced model of cultural production (eco-)systems which does not depart from location, but instead from organisation. Drawing on research for the CICERONE Horizon 2020 project, we show that by adapting a Global Production Network (GPN) framework to analyse the particularities of the CCS, we can develop a conceptual lens which goes beyond the creation phase and systematically maps other related activities and their respective locations; looks at the forms of embeddedness of these activities and at the governance of the production networks. This challenges extant approaches to understanding the CCS which are siloed either by industry, phase of production or by location. The structure of the paper is as follows: we present a brief overview of key developments in the CCS. This is followed by a critique of existing cluster and ecosystem approaches. Next, we outline the conceptualisation of the cultural economy version of the GPN. Finally, we provide a synoptic overview of the key findings of the CICERONE project organised around production network cycle, mode of governance and embedding to explain the spatiality of the creative economy in a new way. • A new understanding of the Cultural and Creative Sectors (CCS) based on a wholesale re-conceptualisation. • Starting point is organisation not location. • Adapting a Global Production Network approach to the CCS provides a novel lens to render the complexities of CCS visible. • An overview of the key findings of the CICERONE project organised around production network cycle, mode of governance.

Stearidonic acid (18:4n-3): Sources, metabolism, and health effects-a systematic review.

Climate change mitigation is crucial, yet the factors influencing where and why emission-intensive firms in global production networks reduce or fail to reduce emissions remain insufficiently explored. We apply the materiality concept to examine the challenges firms face in adopting climate-friendly processes across different industries and places. To conceptualize how actors can address these challenges, we integrate the GPN 2.0 framework with related research, identifying four mechanisms through which actors can enhance the competitiveness of and mitigate risks associated with climate-friendly processes. We argue that the legitimacy of employing these mechanisms depends on their economic impact, particularly the effects of strategic (de-)/(re-)couplings by global lead firms on local firms, corporate buyers, and consumers. Empirically, we analyze how and why different actors, particularly state institutions, have increased the competitiveness of climate-friendly cement and synthetic jet fuel production in Germany, encouraging global cement lead firms to plan the production of synthetic jet fuels from cement plant emissions and green hydrogen. The study demonstrates that EU- and German-level regulatory interventions have successfully incentivized substantial corporate investments in low-emission production. However, firms seek to recoup these costs by passing them on to corporate buyers and consumers. As these price increases diffuse through the value chain, they generate resistance and thereby undermine the legitimacy of the very regulatory efforts that initiated the transition.

Construction of global maritime LPG trade multi-layer network models and pattern analysis

To evaluate whether proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is associated with an increased risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and whether pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) alters that risk. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX global health research network. Adults (18 years and older) with ≥3 years of follow-up and no prior NAION were included. In Analysis 1, patients with PDR were compared with those with diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy. In Analysis 2, patients with PDR who underwent PRP were compared with those who did not. Propensity score matching was controlled for demographics and comorbidities. The primary outcome was incident NAION within 3 years. After matching, 30,588 patients were included in each group for Analysis 1. At 3 years, NAION incidence was significantly higher in the PDR cohort than the DM without DR group (0.24% vs 0.09%; HR 2.81, 95% CI 1.80-4.40; P < 0.001). In Analysis 2, 8,126 patients were included in each group. No significant difference in NAION risk was observed between PRP and No PRP cohorts at any time point (3-year incidence: 0.34% vs 0.31%; HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.65-1.92; P = 0.680). PDR is associated with increased NAION risk, suggesting a role for local microvascular changes. PRP does not significantly alter NAION risk, supporting its safety in this context. Further studies with imaging data are warranted to clarify underlying mechanisms.

Enhancing transboundary climate governance via global city networks

Disinfection by-products induce population-level antibiotic resistance via mutation-driven competition and membrane reprogramming.

EEG-based depression detection using a local–global feature fusion deep learning network

Forecasting link disappearance of global liner shipping network using motif structures and explainable machine learning method

Production is fragmented in global production networks, and consumption relies on global markets. Their impacts and profits are unevenly distributed in the international division of labour. Such complexity and entanglement call for footprint approaches that capture these regional and sectoral distributions. We calculate through Multi-Regional Input-Output Analysis (MRIOA) the working time, compensation of employees, and GHG emissions and their regional and sectoral distribution in two global value chains related to the Motor vehicles industry in Germany (1995–2020): (1) the Supply system of global Motor Vehicles Industry to Germany, which provides vehicles and replacement parts to Germany and (2) the German Final production system of Motor Vehicles Industry, which manufactures “made in Germany” vehicles sold in global markets. This unravels the uneven distribution of profits and impacts through global trade and enables different perspectives on social and environmental responsibility of consumers and producers. In both systems, but more intensively in the Final production system, Germany kept most of the compensation of employees while generating less than half of GHG emissions and less than a third of employment. The whole supply-chain production of “made in Germany” vehicles generated 73% of salaries in Germany, while it relied on 63% of emissions and 54% of working time in upstream processes abroad in 2018. In terms of sectors, the Motor vehicles industry obtained about half of the salaries with 5% of emissions in both systems. Producing a vehicle in Germany requires approximately 1400 working hours, the equivalent of one year of labour by a German worker. • Salaries due to vehicle production (73%) and demand (44%) in Germany stayed in Germany. • Proportionally, fewer emissions (37%–19%) and jobs (46%–21%) happened in Germany. • The Motor vehicles industry obtained almost half of the salaries in both value chains. • The motor vehicles industry generated 5% of emissions in both systems. • The labour footprint of a German vehicle were 1366 h of paid work in 2018.

Tranexamic acid to treat ACE-inhibitor induced angioedema: A comparison outcomes analysis.

Complication rates following total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis versus proximal humerus fracture: a propensity-matched cohort comparison of 9,190 patients.

Infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals played a vital role during COVID-19, yet their experiences remain largely unexplored. Understanding these experiences is crucial for strengthening health system preparedness for future outbreaks/pandemic. This study investigates IPC professionals' preparedness, response capacity, knowledge base, and barriers/enablers during COVID-19 to inform future pandemic planning. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2024 among IPC professionals worldwide through WHO's Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network partners and professional IPC organisations. The survey was translated into five languages, comprising 30 questions that covered demographics, professional preparedness, response capacity, and pandemic experiences. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively using SPSS, while qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis. Eighty-six responses from 19 countries were analysed, with participants mainly from Australia (48.8 %), Canada (17.4 %), and the United Kingdom (8.1 %). Most worked in government hospitals (54.7 %) with dedicated IPC roles (57.0 %) and over five years of experience (73.2 %). Four interconnected themes emerged: establishing IPC as vital expertise, confronting the psychological toll of IPC work, navigating shifting guidance and policy, and managing resource scarcity and workforce strain. Participants reported a lack of recognition as "front-line" staff, significant psychological burdens including post-traumatic stress, challenges with rapidly changing guidance undermining staff trust, and overwhelming workloads without additional resources. IPC professionals showed remarkable dedication despite facing structural neglect and emotional difficulties. Findings highlight the urgent need to formalise IPC leadership roles within health systems, ensure proper recognition and resources, and incorporate psychosocial support measures to enhance pandemic preparedness and response capacity worldwide.

Comprehensive profiling of alkaloids in Buxus sinica by integrating global natural products social molecular networking with derivatization-assisted characteristic ion filtering.

GCA-Pose: Global context attention network for real-time 6D pose estimation of divertor targets in the China fusion engineering demonstration reactor

Meteor observations in Tajikistan within the Global Meteor Network project: Preliminary results

Mapping global research trends of Tai Chi for sleep health: Scientometric insights and network-based perspectives.

Strategic coupling in global production networks under geopolitical risk: Chinese lithium investment in Nigeria

Global and multi-subgraph graph convolutional generative adversarial network for heterogeneous traffic data imputation

Exploration problem-based learning in mathematics learning in higher education: A bibliometric review