Transformative biomaterials innovations for healthcare: Quantitative insights into translation of labscale research to inventions in global landscape.

Development and trends in research on bibliometric analysis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and fracture healing.

Transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation: A registry-based analysis of global clinical trials.

Medical device development and innovation for rare and pediatric populations: a global landscape overview.

This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis combined with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to examine the global research landscape of Building Information Modeling (BIM) applications in transportation infrastructure. The motivation of this study arises from the increasing complexity of modern infrastructure systems, including railways, tunnels, bridges, roads, and airports, which require advanced digital solutions to address challenges related to interoperability, lifecycle management, and data integration. A total of 1,615 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and July 2025 were retrieved from the Scopus database. Bibliometric techniques, including keyword co-occurrence and citation analysis, were applied using Visualization of Similarities viewer (VOSviewer), followed by an in-depth systematic review of the most influential publications. The results indicate a substantial increase in research activity after 2018, with railway infrastructure emerging as a major application domain. Five principal thematic clusters are identified: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integration, Digital Twins (DT), tunnel and bridge engineering, lifecycle sustainability, and smart monitoring technologies. Keyword evolution analysis further reveals a transition from design-oriented studies prior to 2020 toward asset management and digital intelligence after 2022. The study also identifies leading journals and key technologies shaping current research trends, while recent publications in 2025 demonstrate increasing attention to immersive DT, robotic manufacturing, and multi-criteria decision-making frameworks. This study contributes by systematically mapping the development of BIM knowledge in transportation infrastructure and identifying underexplored areas, particularly in operation and maintenance applications and regional disparities in research output. Limitations include the reliance on Scopus-indexed, English-language publications and the use of citation-based selection criteria, which may introduce bias toward older, highly cited studies. Despite these limitations, the findings provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to align future efforts with ongoing digital transformation in transportation infrastructure.

SUMMARYThe emerging fungal pathogen Candidozyma auris (syn. Candida auris; C. auris) has attracted considerable attention from the scientific, clinical, and public health communities due to its multidrug resistance, environmental persistence, and high transmissibility. Since its first description in Japan in 2009, C. auris has spread rapidly worldwide, with a marked acceleration following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As of December 2025, 84,941 colonization or infection cases have been reported across 82 countries spanning 6 continents. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the biology and global epidemiology of C. auris. We first examine its taxonomy, proposed origins, and key biological, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics, with particular emphasis on factors underlying environmental persistence, transmission dynamics, antifungal resistance, and virulence. Drawing on published literature and publicly available surveillance data from national public health authorities worldwide, we provide an updated overview of the global epidemiological landscape and evolving transmission patterns of C. auris. Finally, we discuss potential strategies to mitigate the continued and escalating global spread of this emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen.

Telemedicine has become central to digital health strategies, yet the regulatory environment that shapes ethical safeguards and equitable access remains uneven and incompletely assessed across countries. Legal and normative instruments matter because they define requirements for privacy, consent, accountability, professional readiness, and barrier reduction. This study aimed to map the current global landscape of normative instruments related to telemedicine and identify which ethical and social safeguards are explicitly addressed, with particular attention to equity. We conducted a document analysis guided by the READ (ready the materials, extract data, analyze data, and distill findings) framework. From February 2024 to February 2026, we conducted a structured web-based search across all World Health Organization (WHO) member states with no language restrictions, using official government sources, statutory professional regulators, and institutional publication channels. Retrieval combined internal site searches, direct navigation, external search engine queries, and targeted snowball sampling to identify currently in-force instruments. Two researchers independently extracted and coded data using a predefined codebook. We operationalized 10 binary items covering regulatory presence and scope (questions 1 and 2), safeguards for data protection (question 3), consent and disclosure (questions 4 and 5), prior in-person prerequisites (question 6), monitoring (question 7), training requirements (question 8), and equity (questions 9 and 10). We summarized frequencies overall and stratified by WHO region and World Bank income group and conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of included normative instruments. Of the 194 WHO member states, 81 (41.8%) had at least one current normative instrument related to telemedicine in force. Among these, 72.8% (59/81) defined telemedicine or telehealth. Data protection provisions were most common (73/81, 90.1%), followed by mandatory informed consent (n=71, 87.7%) and monitoring mechanisms (n=65, 80.2%). Fewer countries required disclosure of telemedicine limitations (n=36, 44.4%) or mandated telemedicine-specific training (n=26, 32.1%). Prior in-person consultation requirements were uncommon (n=8, 9.9%). Equity-related safeguards were uneven: 51.9% (n=42) referenced justice, equity, or nondiscrimination, whereas 30.9% (n=25) included concrete barrier reduction provisions (eg, digital inclusion or accommodations for people with disabilities and minors). Telemedicine regulation is becoming more common, but both coverage and safeguarding content remain uneven. While privacy, consent, and monitoring are frequently addressed where regulation exists, disclosure, physician competency, and operational equity measures are less consistently specified. Strengthening telemedicine governance will require translating ethical commitments into enforceable standards that address digital determinants of access and protect groups at risk of exclusion.

Purpose This study systematically analyzes the global research landscape regarding the role of vocational education in the sustainable transition. Specifically, it maps publication trends, identifies key themes, and determines the structural relationship between vocational interventions and the development of green employability. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis. Data were extracted from the Scopus database covering a comprehensive period from 2007 to September 2025. The analysis was performed using the Biblioshiny (R-bibliometrix) application to generate trend topics, word clouds, and thematic maps, ensuring a robust evaluation of the vocational education landscape. Findings The analysis of publications from 2007 to September 2025 reveals a significant transformation in vocational education research, moving from general employability to specialized green and digital competencies. Key findings indicate that “green skills,” “TVET,” and “sustainable development” have become the dominant research clusters in recent years. Furthermore, the results highlight a surge in interest regarding the circular economy and Industry 5.0 integration within vocational systems as of late 2025. Research limitations/implications Data collection was limited to Scopus and articles published up to September 2025. Consequently, data for the full year of 2025 is incomplete, which serves as a limitation for the trend analysis of that specific year. Originality/value This study addresses a gap by offering a novel “Driver-Mediator-Outcome” conceptual framework. This framework integrates fragmented global studies into a cohesive structure, demonstrating how global policies drive TVET interventions to produce a green-ready workforce, providing a practical roadmap for policymakers and educators.

There has been a burgeoning interest in the concepts of relationality and temporality within the field of International Relations (IR) in recent years. This shift is driven by the recognition among many mainstream IR scholars that the global landscape has increasingly been characterised by profound uncertainty and unpredictability. A significant amount of recent works focusing upon the IR frameworks emphasise the relationality of actors. This is because the more pressing questions arise not from a desire to solve the problem of ‘uncertainty and unpredictability’ but from a need to critically examine how these concepts are problematised. One ideological current premised on this uncertain and unpredictable world is the discussion presented in this article, which originates at the intersection of three academic disciplines: Mahāyāna Buddhism, quantum theory, and IR. In this article, I critically examine the image of ontology historically assumed by contemporary IR and make every effort to further develop a new methodology grounded on Mahāyāna Buddhism supported by quantum mechanics for this purpose and I will present the potential implications of this integrated worldview for contemporary world politics, suggesting how these insights can contribute to a deeper and more nuanced understanding of global ethics.

The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), the world’s first system to impose tariffs on the carbon emissions of imported products, commenced its transition period in October 2023 and is scheduled for full implementation in January 2026. This mechanism exerts a profound impact on the global trade landscape and corporate environmental management practices. Taking the CSI All Share Index constituent companies as a research sample, this paper empirically evaluates the impact of the CBAM transition period on the environmental scores of Chinese export enterprises utilizing the Propensity Score Matching Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) method. The results indicate that the CBAM transition period significantly inhibits the short-term environmental performance of regulated enterprises. Mechanism analysis reveals that increased financing constraints serve as a core mediating channel, wherein escalated compliance costs and compressed cash flows crowd out resources for low-carbon investments. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the negative impact is more pronounced among state-owned enterprises, firms with lower audit quality, and firms with a higher proportion of female executives. Accordingly, the study recommends establishing targeted green transition financing mechanisms, accelerating domestic carbon market reforms, and strengthening international technical harmonization to build corporate resilience against global climate governance shocks and promote sustainable growth.

This study maps the global scholarly landscape on digital parenting and children’s digital device use through bibliometric analysis of 628 Scopus articles (2010–2025). Using PRISMA-guided screening and science-mapping visualisations (VOSviewer and CiteSpace), the review identifies publication growth, influential sources, intellectual structures, and thematic clusters shaping the field. The mapped knowledge structure is dominated by health and media-effects traditions, with major research fronts centred on parental mediation, screen-time outcomes, online safety, and digital wellbeing. Crucially, the analysis shows that parenting perspectives remain weakly represented within this global corpus, with limited engagement with faith-based concepts that could shape mediation practices and moral reasoning in households. This underrepresentation contributes to a Western-centric evidence base, indicating a need for Islamically situated digital parenting research that integrates developmental concerns with ethics and culturally grounded mediation strategies. The study concludes by proposing a focused research agenda to strengthen theory building and empirical work in family contexts.

The global health security landscape remains critically vulnerable to emerging pandemic threats. Humanitarian settings face particularly acute challenges in health workforce preparedness and response capabilities. Humanitarian settings have traditionally been left out of global health security and other health system strengthening investments. There is also a significant gap in the literature around building sustained health worker pandemic capacities in these challenging contexts. This novel study measured the retention or 'shelf-life' of perceived COVID-19 training benefits for health workers around knowledge, skills, and confidence to face future infectious disease threats. The Dynamic Sustainability Framework was used for conceptual framing. The study spanned three distinct humanitarian settings: Honduras, Syria, and South Sudan. Employing a cross-sectional, retrospective self-assessment design, 129 primary healthcare and community level health workers were surveyed in March-April 2024. Participants self-reported pandemic capacities on five-point Likert ratings across three time points - retrospective recall for pre- and post-training, and for present status, which was on average three years after training. Results demonstrated substantial increases post-training in self-reported knowledge (p < 0.001), skills (p < 0.001), and confidence (p < 0.001), and sustained or improved capacities at present (knowledge (p < 0.01), skills (p < 0.01), and confidence (p < 0.001)). Despite low access to ongoing training, resources, and support, 84.3% of health workers reported feeling prepared to face emergent disease risks (COVID-19 or other). The results call for further exploration of the individual, training-related, facility, and contextual factors affecting the capacity retention. Due to study design limitations, these results cannot be attributed to the trainings or generalized to all health workers in these countries. Still, this research contributes critical insights into the potential sustained benefits of frontline health workforce pandemic capacity building in humanitarian settings. Since capacities were retained despite limited ongoing training and support, targeted, sustained investments become crucial to preserve and enhance health security in the most fragile health systems.

ABSTRACT How do small states with limited capacity engage in a complex multilateral environment? This paper uses a case study approach to address this question, based on a thorough analysis of policy documents and more than 70 interviews with practitioners from 9 different countries and sub‐state regions (Finland, Flanders [Belgium], the Netherlands, Slovenia, Catalonia [Spain], Denmark, Liechtenstein, Scotland [United Kingdom] and Singapore). The paper gathers unique insights into both the policy and practical side of diplomatic strategies in multilateral settings of a relevant cross‐section of small multilateral players. The paper finds that small states primarily tend to adapt their diplomatic strategy in a changing global landscape based on thematic specialization and prioritization and deploy diverse diplomatic instruments to achieve their goals. The paper identifies a number of diplomatic instruments to shed light on how small players apply and sequence these instruments to formulate an overarching thematic strategy to more effectively take part in multilateral processes. Based on this analysis, the paper presents an analytic approach to analyzing the strategies of small states along three dimensions: substantive, procedural and temporal.

This study systematically analyzed 170 registered clinical trials to clarify the global development landscape of stem cell therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its core challenges, and put forward corresponding future research directions. The results showed that the research on this therapy has accelerated significantly in the past three decades, with research geographically clustered in the US, China and Spain, and severe underrepresentation of African countries. The therapy is mainly focused on Crohn's disease (CD), especially refractory perianal fistulas, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) account for over 70% of the applied cell types. Among 88 completed trials, 29.5% achieved primary endpoints, showing preliminary efficacy, yet the field faces prominent challenges: 20.6% of trials were prematurely terminated, early-phase studies dominate, Phase IV trials and long-term efficacy data are scarce, primary endpoints are highly heterogeneous, pediatric research is limited, and most completed trials have unknown outcomes. To address these issues, this study proposes that the future research should prioritize international cooperation to promote research equity, standardize efficacy endpoints, integrate long-term follow-up into study designs, optimize stem cell source and administration protocols, and implement precise patient selection. Overcoming these bottlenecks is essential to establish stem cell therapy as an effective complementary treatment for refractory IBD and improve the prognosis of patients unresponsive to conventional therapies.

This interview examines the conceptual and political potential of the Confucian virtue of harmony (和) as a cultural resource for addressing contemporary challenges of conflict and difference in public discourse. It adopts a cross-cultural, comparative perspective through a dialogue between two scholars: one raised in the West who has taught in the East, and the other raised in the East but academically trained in the West. The conversation pursues two aims. First, it seeks to clarify a new theoretical framework for the purpose and possible methodology of comparative research in the philosophy of education, and in educational studies more broadly, one that moves beyond the internalized dichotomy prevalent in the global landscape of educational research between “active” and “free” learning in the West and “passive” and “obedient” learning in the East. Second, it considers, through this lens, how the Confucian virtue of harmony might be reinterpreted beyond the political or cultural conformism often ascribed to it by modernist critiques, offering instead an ontological account of the co-presence of differing ways of being.

The rapid growth of the private activity in outer space has pushed the existing legal framework into territory it was never designed to handle in the first place. Treaties like the Outer Space Treaty 1967 and the Liability Convention 1972 were drafted for a world dominated by State agencies, but today private companies lead in satellite deployment, mega-constellations, launch services, and even early-stage plans for resource extraction. As a result, long-standing principles on non-appropriation, State responsibility, and liability are being stretched in ways that create genuine uncertainty for regulators and operators also. This paper uses doctrinal and comparative methods to examine how international space law interacts with emerging national regimes in the United States, Luxembourg, the UAE, Japan, the UK, Australia, India, China and Russia. This analysis shows that while some States have moved towards recognising private ownership of extracted resources, others remain cautious or resistant, producing a fragmented global landscape. This research also highlights that the traditional liability system built on diplomatic claims and State-to-State responsibility struggles in an era defined by private actors, dense orbital traffic and complex supply chains. The study argues that these tensions have consequences not only for commercial certainty but also for the long-term sustainability and equity. To address these gaps, the paper proposes a new governance approach centred on clarifying resource rights, defining narrowly tailored operational deconfliction zones, establishing stronger baselines for liability and insurance, improving transparency through some shared SSA standards, and integrating the environmental and equity considerations into mission planning. Overall, the paper suggests that meaningful reform does not require abandoning the OST framework, but building around it in such a way that balances innovation with public responsibility. Without such reforms, the future of outer space risks becoming increasingly unstable, environmentally vulnerable and shaped by the interests of a few technologically advanced States and also corporations. Key words: Outer space treaty, liability convention, sustainability, ownership and liability, Treaties, space mission, commercial activities

This study is based on the changing global economic landscape, which is increasingly moving toward the dominance of developing countries, as well as the need for Indonesia to diversify its trade and investment partners amid global economic uncertainty. The research aims to analyze Indonesia’s potential membership in the BRICS group of countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) as a strategy to expand access to global markets. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach and literature analysis, this study evaluates various factors that support Indonesia’s eligibility to join BRICS, including macroeconomic aspects, geostrategic position, and commitment to South-South cooperation. The findings show that Indonesia has considerable potential to join BRICS in terms of economic capacity, regional influence, and available resources. Membership in BRICS is considered to offer strategic benefits in the form of access to new global markets as well as potential investment development from member countries.

The global legal landscape is witnessing a ‘constitutional turn’ in environmental litigation. As the physical impacts of climate change intensify, litigants are shifting from administrative challenges toward fundamental rights‑based claims. Courts across jurisdictions are recognizing a ‘right against climate change’ through doctrines such as the Living Tree, proportionality, and intergenerational equity. At the same time, pharmaceutical sciences are innovating drug delivery systems—nano carriers, inhalable formulations, and sustained-release implants—to mitigate climate-linked health burdens. Through this study, the researcher integrates jurisprudential and biomedical perspectives, arguing that climate justice must extend to drug administration. By combining constitutional principles of fairness, intergenerational responsibility, and ecological sustainability with pharmaceutical innovation, the study proposes a justice-oriented framework for climate-health governance in the Anthropocene(1). It concludes that while the right presents significant challenges to the doctrine of polycentricity, it serves as an essential ‘intertemporal guarantee of freedom' in the Anthropocene (1,2).

ABSTRACT Soil moisture is a fundamental environmental variable essential for applications in agriculture, drought assessment, hydrological modeling, and climate research. In recent decades, numerous Soil Moisture Content (SMC) datasets have been produced from in-situ measurements, airborne and spaceborne observations, and model simulations. However, information about these datasets is fragmented across disparate repositories, publications, and portals, making data discovery, comparison, and integration a significant challenge for researchers. This study introduces the University of Bonn Soil Moisture Data Catalog (UB-SMDC), a unified, standards-compliant metadata portal designed to overcome this fragmentation. Two primary objectives drove the project: first, centralizing information on publicly available SMC datasets into a single, user-friendly, web-based interface; and second, conducting a comprehensive statistical analysis of SMC datasets to characterize the global SMC data landscape. The UB-SMDC was developed using a structured, three-phase methodology: (1) comprehensive data discovery, (2) catalog design and implementation, and (3) metadata creation and analysis. Built on the open-source GeoNetwork platform, the catalog aligns with the Geographic information, ISO19139 metadata standard, to ensure consistency and interoperability. To harmonize key attributes, a controlled keyword taxonomy was developed to standardize terms for spatial and temporal resolution, measurement depth, data format, processing level, and data version. Each metadata record is enriched with links to initial data sources and access, and includes map-based previews to visualize dataset coverage. By assessing 373 metadata records, the UB-SMDC streamlines the data discovery and selection process, supports transparent and reproducible research, and facilitates cross-dataset comparison and integration.

The global justice landscape is undergoing a profound transformation due to the accelerated integration of advanced technology. Forensic science—the systematic application of scientific techniques to criminal investigations—has emerged as a cornerstone in this evolution, facilitating the accurate uncovering of truth and the promotion of accountability. This paper explores the dual role of forensic technologies in contributing to the humanisation of justice, defined as the advancement of fairness, dignity, and accessibility, especially for vulnerable or marginalized individuals. Drawing from the frameworks of therapeutic jurisprudence and victim-centric justice, this research engages both the empowering potential and the critical challenges posed by forensic tools such as DNA profiling, digital forensics, and automated analysis systems. Through a mixed-method approach involving doctrinal analysis and empirical interviews, it evaluates forensic science’s capacity to uphold the principles of equity and compassion in Indian legal systems. The study advocates for regulatory harmonisation, scientific literacy among legal actors, and safeguards against forensic misuse—ultimately proposing a humane, technologically integrated justice paradigm.