Global Justice Research Articles

Dimensions of Global Justice in Taxing Multinationals

Abstract Widespread tax evasion and avoidance have recently led to both significant reforms of international tax governance and increased attention from theorists of global tax justice. Against the background of an analysis of the double challenge of effectiveness and distribution facing the taxation of multinational enterprises, this paper puts forward a taxonomy of recent contributions of the tax justice literature. This taxonomy not only opens up an original angle of interpretation on global tax justice, but also provides a vantage point from which to evaluate recent reforms by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Characteristics of the new globalization and the new globalization politics of China

The article takes world politics and the new globalization as its research subject, and the object of study is the characteristics of the new globalization and China's development initiatives for the new globalization. With the spread of "counterglobalization" and the impact of the coronavirus epidemic in recent years, the new wave of counterglobalization is a tool for developed countries in Europe and the United States to maintain their hegemonic position. In the face of changes in the international economic and political landscape, China, as an agent of the international order, must respond and adjust all aspects of domestic and foreign policy. By advocating a community of human destiny and a new model of development, China offers solutions to other developing countries and gives new impetus to globalization, contributing to better global governance. The concept of "new globalization" has demonstrated its prospects and values; it is increasingly recognized by the countries of the world. "New Globalization" is not only a holistic global concept, but also a global ethic, thus demonstrating China's responsibility and moral sensibilities (moralism) in the new era.

Translating Pancasila in Global Justice Context: Does it matter?

Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, encapsulates the principles of justice, humanity, and social harmony. However, as the world becomes increasingly interconnected, questions arise regarding the relevance and translatability of Pancasila in the global context of justice. This paper explores the significance of translating Pancasila's principles into global justice frameworks, examining its implications and challenges. Drawing on philosophical, legal, and sociopolitical perspectives, this paper argues that while Pancasila offers valuable insights into justice, its translation into global contexts requires careful consideration of cultural, political, and ethical nuances. Through comparative analysis and case studies, this paper investigates the feasibility and desirability of integrating Pancasila into global justice discourses, shedding light on the potential contributions and limitations of cross-cultural ethical frameworks.

Getting action for global economic justice: the micro-foundations of transnational activism

Abstract Generating momentum for activist campaigns on complicated economic issues is difficult, especially in a transnational context. So, how did activists get action on tax justice and create a movement that has changed global tax policy? Drawing on 20 years of para-ethnographic fieldwork with the Tax Justice Network, we suggest that activists initially engaged in ‘identity switching’ tactics to access professional or policy arenas from a footing in one identity, to then switch identities to activate policy shifts. A first-generation leveraged multiple professional identities to access forums, build credibility and introduce a tax lexicon to activists and policymakers. These tactics were not, however, replicable, leading a second generation to concentrate on ‘identity fixing’, including professionalization and a tightening of organizational strategy over access and activation points. Here we theorize identity switching and fixing as underappreciated micro-foundations of transnational activism and demonstrate their importance for global economic justice.

Review of nanotechnology in water treatment: Adoption in the USA and Prospects for Africa

This research paper explores the adoption of nanotechnology in water treatment, focusing on the advanced perspective of the United States and the potential prospects across diverse landscapes in Africa. Investigating current trends, challenges, and ethical considerations, the USA is a model for cutting-edge research, robust regulatory frameworks, and innovative applications of nanotechnology. Meanwhile, Africa, grappling with water scarcity, presents an opportunity for leapfrogging with context-specific strategies and international collaboration. Environmental and ethical considerations are paramount, emphasizing the need for responsible practices, equitable distribution of benefits, and global justice. Future trends anticipate innovative nanomaterials, decentralized solutions, and green nanotechnology shaping water treatment practices. The conclusion underscores this journey's dynamic and collaborative nature, advocating for interdisciplinary efforts, international collaboration, and ethical governance to realize a sustainable future with nanotechnology as a critical catalyst for water security.

Care(lessness) in precarious journalism, before and during the pandemic: Freelancers’ work-life experiences and coping strategies

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, interest in care as a potential remedy for a variety of issues and crises, such as improving global health justice or creating more “caring” educational systems, has increased across academic disciplines. This article contributes to this literature from the perspective of journalism studies. It explores whether the notion of care captures and addresses one facet of the contemporary news industry crisis, namely the precarity of journalists. I focus on the work-life narratives of a small group of freelance journalists in Germany and Canada before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying a care lens articulates the struggles the freelancers experience regarding income, social security, housing, and childcare as a result of careless states and careless markets. Furthermore, the care practices journalists use as coping strategies merge mutual aid for fellow freelancers or members of their local communities with entrepreneurial networking for professional survival. However, such informal care practices cannot make up for structural gaps in support. Waged work—outside journalism—in the formal labor market, performed by the freelancers themselves or their life partners, turned out to be more important for coping with precarity. Overall, the pandemic meant more continuity than change for the care struggles as well as coping strategies of the journalists examined here. Nevertheless, those with residential property, gainfully employed life partners, and established care networks fared best, hinting at the crucial role of privilege in shaping the work experiences of precarious journalists during crises.

Amplified Solidarity with Future Generations

A recent trend in bioethics has highlighted the decisive role that solidarity plays in global health. However, given the impact and extent of the effects of climate change, which reach beyond present generations, it is important to consider whether this concept can be applied intergenerationally. Does it make sense to talk about solidarity with future generations? The objective of this article is to explore ‘amplified solidarity’, a new concept of solidarity that explains our obligations towards the health and quality of life of future generations. The analysis of this concept is structured as follows: I first establish the moral relevance of future people and then investigate the traits of amplified solidarity, its challenges, and its relationship with other key principles. I propose that amplified solidarity needs both a critical imagination to be projected towards the future and an institutional framework to correct health injustices across an intergenerational timescale. Solidarity forms a potent triangular constellation with responsibility and justice to fight against global and intergenerational injustices.

Solidarity across Generations

Transgenerational political solidarity disrupts the dominant framing that identifies conflict between generations-the “problem of generations”-as the driver of social change. Political solidarity across generations offers a way of thinking about social justice movements as contributing elements to global social justice efforts through their work in acknowledging the historical rootedness of structural injustice and their commitment to continually reimagine solidarities. Attending to features of transgenerational political solidarity is useful for theorists learning from engaged work on the ground. Transgenerational political solidarity - collective movements for social change connected across past, present, and future - demonstrates the commitment to navigate through disagreement in a forward-looking manner, to find support in and echoes of the cause of past movements for social change, and to foreground the possibilities of future movements by situating collective action in relation to social justice understood in context.

The Fight for Global Health Justice: The Advocacy of International Humanitarian and Development NGOs During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The increasing health inequity and injustice of the COVID-19 pandemic rendered visible the inadequacy of global health governance, and exposed the self-interested decision-making of states and pharmaceutical companies. This research explores the advocacy activities of humanitarian and development international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in responding to this inequality and investigates how they framed alternatives for global health justice. It reviews 47 organizational documents and 43 media articles of five INGOs (ActionAid, Médecins Sans Frontières, Oxfam, Save the Children, and World Vision) and points to the importance of understanding advocacy frames in analyzing how these organizations prioritize agendas and advocacy strategies. The dominance of the ‘human rights’ frame, sometimes in combination with ‘scientific evidence’ and ‘security’ frames, reflects the identities, mandates, and histories of campaigning and collaboration of these INGOs. This paper contends that the advocacy of humanitarian and development INGOs highlights both deontological and teleological ethics, promoting the voices of people in lower-income countries, clarifying duty bearers and their accountabilities, and addressing structural barriers from a human rights perspective in a global health agenda setting.

Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional pada Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina

This research aims to find out the rules and sanctions that can be imposed on violations of international human rights in the event of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The method used in this research is normative legal research, which is research by examining laws and regulations, legal concepts, and legal theories to be applied to a particular problem. The result of this research is to find out the efforts that can be made by all countries in the world in order to stop ongoing violations of international human rights in the event of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The military invasion launched by Russia into Ukraine has had consequences that violate international human rights principles. These violations include attacks on Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, violations of civil rights, and the unlawful use of military force. Non-compliance with international law resulting from this invasion has had serious humanitarian impacts, including loss of life, displacement, and damage to infrastructure. In the context of international law, this invasion raises questions regarding the upholding of human rights principles and compliance with the laws of war. The acts of military aggression carried out by Russia are contrary to a number of international treaties governing state sovereignty and the prohibition of the use of military force without legal authorization. This situation has given rise to debate and emphasis on the need to enforce rules that protect human rights and global justice.

Shallow vs. Deep Geoethics: Moving Beyond Anthropocentric Views

At its inception, geoethics was envisioned as a type of professional ethics concerned with the moral implications of geoscientific research, applications, and practices. More recently, however, some scholars have proposed versions of geoethics as public and global ethics. To better understand these developments, this article considers the relationship between geoethics and environmental ethics by exploring different aspects of the human-nature relation (i.e., the moral status and role of humans in relation to the non-human world). We start by noting that the main strains of geoethical thought elaborated so far represent examples of environmental virtue ethics and defend moral weak anthropocentric positions (e.g., “ethical”, “responsible” or “enlightened” anthropocentrism). Some scholars propose that such weak anthropocentric geoethics can synthesize the different positions in environmental ethics and move beyond them toward a novel and distinct approach. We compare the meaning and the use of the term “anthropocentrism” in both environmental ethics and geoethics, stressing that although geoethics is inevitably epistemically anthropocentric (i.e., anthropogenic), it does not need to be morally anthropocentric. We consider the compatibility of non-anthropocentric stances with current geoethical theory and argue for the integration of normative non-anthropocentric accounts (e.g., ecocentric) into geoethical debates and geoscience education.

Xenosociology: Meeting the Predator in the Theory of Val Plumwood

Plumwood as a famous eco feminist, Delveaux (2001) had influenced the analyses inside the ecological ethic and deep ecology, and formed specific approach in ecological disputes, defined as ecosophy (Warren, 1996), involving ecological approach as inherent to human, especially female nature. Female attributes are celebrated, since they can influence the development of feminist ethic, as care ethic, global care ethic (Adam, 2004). This form of ethic influenced development of animal ethic, or Xeno Ethic in her works. Disputes around the position of female identity, (especially inherent to an educated professor such as herself), are caused by her encounter with the crocodile in Cacadu national park; after she was assured that she can use canoe in that area, safely. Val Plumwood, with her book Meeting the predator, had influenced the changes in discussions about animal ethics, transpecism, and the importance of human body and environment, that involves different forms of organisms, from predators to dangerous and exotic plants, that can also be seen as xeno organism threatening the life.

Twenty-five years on: to move forward, we should return to Rawls’ The Law of Peoples

ABSTRACT In The Law of Peoples, John Rawls sets out his normative conception of global justice. The book remains a foundational text for scholars in the field. In recent years, however, new issues have arisen in the global justice literature, which Rawls did not consider. Moreover, his view has been rejected by many. So, as we move forward, does Rawls’ The Law of Peoples deserve to retain this foundational status? I argue that we have two weighty reasons to afford it this status. As we consider the future directions of global justice, we should do so by returning to The Law of Peoples.

Some reflections on global justice from one who was both a manager and an academic

ABSTRACT A retired manager and university teacher reflects on global ethics, on the purpose of life, and on the challenges facing global ethics in a contemporary world where there is no certainty about shared belief or shared values. The future lies, he concludes, with process and with a deeper understanding of one another.

Global ethics in practice

ABSTRACT This paper is a study of ethics – in practice. It examines how people in the world, and more particularly in rich countries, have responded to the ethical challenges associated with recent crises: climate change, COVID-19 and international migration. What has been the nature of the discourse? What international agreements have been made? Have they, in practice, been followed up? The evidence is that – in practice – nations, and by implication their citizens, have displayed very little obligation to those beyond their boundaries. A few exceptions may, however, be noted; where citizens of ‘nearby’ countries receive preferential treatment.

Global ethics: sentimental education or ideological construction?

ABSTRACT I distinguish two types of ethical efforts. One of them can be called ideological efforts in morality, which begins with the quest for truth. Once in possession of the truth, people can make moral laws and apply them to a society, demanding that all members of the society abide by them. The other may be called sentimental education, which depicts the formation of morality as being based on sentiments in this way: people live in an intimate relationship to foster a sentiment of trust, develop their propriety sense in regard to a certain relationship, and formulate it as a moral law. In the context of global ethics, I hold that the fundamental momentum in morality is driven by sentimental education, while ideological efforts in morality can only play a complementary role.

Not just a tool: why social-media use is bad and bad for us, and the duty to quit

ABSTRACT With an eye on the future of global ethics, I argue that social-media technologies are not morally neutral tools but are, for all intents and purposes, a kind of agent. They nudge us to do things that are bad for us. Moreover, I argue that we have a duty to quit using social-media platforms, not just on account of possible duties to preserve our own well-being but because users are akin to test subjects on whom developers are testing new nudges, and we ought to deprive them of their test subjects.

Bridging the North/South Divide: Tax Competition and Global Justice

Bridging the North/South Divide: Tax Competition and Global Justice

Ethics and health research priority setting: a narrative review.

This narrative review aims to describe current practice and ongoing discussions in the academic literature regarding ethics and health research priority setting. It begins with some preliminary distinctions regarding types of research priority setting. It then gives some background on current practice with respect to formal research priority setting exercises, including summaries of The Ad Hoc Committee on Health Research method, the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method, the Combined Approach Matrix (CAM), the Delphi method, the Essential National Health Research (ENHR) strategy for priority setting, and the James Lind Alliance (JLA) framework. The majority of the paper reports the results of a literature review covering specifically ethical issues under the thematic headings of process criteria, substantive criteria, global justice, the obligations of specific actors, and research topics. It closes with some summary thoughts about apparent gaps and directions for future investigation.

Christology and Global Ethics: Encountering the Poor in a Pluralist Reality, by Alexandre Andrade Martins

Christology and Global Ethics: Encountering the Poor in a Pluralist Reality, by Alexandre Andrade Martins