Global Burden Of Mental Illness Research Articles

We Have Spent Time, Money, and Effort Making Self-Help Digital Mental Health Interventions: Is Anyone Going to Come to the Party?

Although efficacious psychotherapies exist, a limited number of mental health care providers and significant demand make their accessibility a fundamental problem. Clinical researchers, funders, and investors alike have converged on self-help digital mental health interventions (self-help DMHIs) as a low-cost, low-burden, and broadly scalable solution to the global mental health burden. Consequently, exorbitant financial and time-based resources have been invested in developing, testing, and disseminating these interventions. However, the public’s assumed desirability for self-help DMHIs by experts has largely proceeded without question. This commentary critically evaluates whether self-help DMHIs can, and will, reach their purported potential as a solution to the public burden of mental illness, with an emphasis on evaluating their real-world desirability. Our review finds that self-help DMHIs are often perceived as less desirable and credible than in-person treatments, with lower usage rates and, perhaps accordingly, clinical trials testing self-help DMHIs suffering from widespread recruitment challenges. We highlight two fundamental challenges that may be interfering with the desirability of, and engagement in, self-help DMHIs: (1) difficulty competing with technology companies that have advantages in resources, marketing, and user experience design (but may not be delivering evidence-based interventions) and (2) difficulty retaining (vs initially attracting) users. We discuss a range of potential solutions, including highlighting self-help DMHIs in public mental health awareness campaigns; public education about evidence-based interventions that can guide consumers to appropriate self-help DMHI selection; increased financial and expert support to clinical researchers for marketing, design, and user experience in self-help DMHI development; increased involvement of stakeholders in the design of self-help DMHIs; and investing in more research on ways to improve retention (versus initial engagement). We suggest that, through these efforts, self-help DMHIs may fully realize their promise for reducing the global burden of mental illness.

A Comprehensive Review of the Current Status of the Cellular Neurobiology of Psychedelics.

Psychedelic substances have gained significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic effects on various psychiatric disorders. This review delves into the intricate cellular neurobiology of psychedelics, emphasizing their potential therapeutic applications in addressing the global burden of mental illness. It focuses on contemporary research into the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms underlying these substances, particularly the role of 5-HT2A receptor signaling and the promotion of plasticity through the TrkB-BDNF pathway. The review also discusses how psychedelics affect various receptors and pathways and explores their potential as anti-inflammatory agents. Overall, this research represents a significant development in biomedical sciences with the potential to transform mental health treatments.

Critical reflections on the concept and impact of "scaling up" in Global Mental Health.

The field of Global Mental Health (GMH) aims to address the global burden of mental illness by focusing on closing the "treatment gap" faced by many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To increase access to services, GMH prioritizes "scaling up" mental health services, primarily advocating for the export of Western centred and developed biomedical and psychosocial "evidence-based" approaches to the Global South. While this emphasis on scalability has resulted in the increased availability of mental health services in some LMICs, there have been few critical discussions of this strategy. This commentary critically appraises the scalability of GMH by questioning the validity and sustainability of its approach. We argue that the current approach emphasizes the development of mental health services and interventions in "silos," focusing on the treatment of mental illnesses at the exclusion of a holistic and contextualized approach to people's needs. We also question the opportunities that the current approach to GMH offers for the growth of mental health programmes of local NGOs and investigate the potential pitfalls that scalability may have on NGOs' impact and ability to innovate. This commentary argues that any "scaling up" of mental health services must place sustainability at the core of its mission by favouring the growth and development of local solutions and wider forms of support that prioritize social inclusion and long-lasting mental health recovery.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CLINICAL GUIDELINE FOR FAMILY-CENTERED COLLABORATIVE CARE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MENTAL DISORDERS

Introduction: BackgroundChronic mental illnesses have long periods, are recurring, and require continuous care and, becoming chronic, they double the problems of patients and their family. The study’s purpose is, thus, the development of guidelines for family-centered collaborative care of patients with chronic mental illnesses referring to the medical centers (1).MethodsThis mixed methods study is based on the stages of the guideline adaptation provided by the Guidelines International Network (2).ResultsAfter reviewing and gathering evidence from a qualitative study on key participants and reviewing the literature, which includes a search for articles related to participatory family-centered care of patients with chronic mental disorders and a review of available books, a clinical guide Related and upstream documents of the country were 531 recommendations were extracted and sent to a panel of experts for evaluation.ConclusionProviding a family-centered collaborative care guideline will improve the quality of life of these individuals and their families, improve the quality of care, and reduce fragmented health care(3,4).ObjectivesDevelopment of a clinical guideline for family-centered collaborative care in patients with chronic mental disordersMethods: This mixed methods study is based on the stages of the guideline adaptation provided by the Guidelines International Network .ResultsAfter reviewing and gathering evidence from a qualitative study on key participants and reviewing the literature, which includes a search for articles related to participatory family-centered care of patients with chronic mental disorders and a review of available books, a clinical guide Related and upstream documents of the country were 531 recommendations were extracted and sent to a panel of experts for evaluation.ConclusionsProviding a family-centered collaborative care guideline will improve the quality of life of these individuals and their families, improve the quality of care, and reduce fragmented health careReference(s)1) Vigo D, Thornicroft G, Atun R. 2016,Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. The Lancet Psychiatry.3(2):171-8.2) GIN. 2010, guideline Adaptation a source toolkit guideline international network; 953) Molu NG, Ozkan B, Icel S. 2016,Quality of life for chronic psychiatric illnesses and home care. Pakistan journal of medical sciences.32(2):511-54) WHO. 2014, Integrating the response to mental disorders and other chronic diseases in health care systems. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 50 pDisclosure of InterestNone Declared

FAMILY-CENTERED COLLABORATIVE CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MENTAL ILLNESS: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

IntroductionChronic mental illnesses are long-lasting and recurring, require continuous care as well as an integrated and collaborative approach to organize the care. This study sought to examine whether family center collaborative care is an acceptable treatment option for individuals with chronic mental illness.ObjectivesIs the family-centered collaborative care suitable for patients with chronic mental illness?MethodsFrom the years 2000 to 2021, ten electronic databases relating to family-centered collaborative care for mental illness were searched adopting PRISMA’s checklistResultsAfter systematic search, 27 articles and a thesis were found. According to moderate to high quality qualitative research, family-centered collaborative care was considered acceptable intervention, though a few studies supporting it.ConclusionsThis study examines theoretical, methodological, and practical considerations as a basis for more robust data collection based on individual experiences and evidence-based practice.Reference(s)1.Wittchen, H.-U., et al., The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. European neuropsychopharmacology, 2011. 21(9): p. 655-679.2.CUTLER, J.L., Kaplan and Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry. 2016, LWW.3.Thornicroft, G., et al., The personal impact of schizophrenia in Europe. Schizophrenia research, 2004. 69(2-3): p. 125-132.4.Vigo, D., G. Thornicroft, and R. Atun, Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2016. 3(2): p. 171-178.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Examining the feasibility and effectiveness of online acceptance and commitment therapy self-help in a quasi-stepped care model: A pilot study.

The global burden of mental illness and limited resources make increasing the efficiency of available mental healthcare resources especially crucial. One way this can be done is a stepped care approach to treatment. To test the viability of using internet-based self-help in a stepped care model, we examined the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of an online self-help acceptance and commitment (ACT) program prior to starting in-person therapy at a university community clinic (N = 51). Online program acceptability was at least moderate. There was clinically significant change in 75.9%-79.3% and reliable change in 31.0%-100% of our sample on three of four outcomes of interest (e.g., symptom impairment) after the online program. In addition, 60%-100% reliably improved from the online program as well as from subsequent treatment on three of four outcomes, indicating that most of our sample progressed through the steps of care effectively and benefited from the quasi-stepped care approach. Scores also indicated positive overall effects of the online program and in-person therapy. Our findings tentatively support the use of low-intensity resources like online self-help programs to reduce therapist burden in outpatient clinics by initiating client progress before intake. Limitation to this approach and the study are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Quantifying the global burden of mental disorders and their economic value.

SummaryBackgroundEpidemiological and economic estimates suggest that the global burden of mental disorders is considerable, both in its impacts on human health and losses to societal welfare. The availability of additional data and the emergence of new approaches present an opportunity to examine these estimates, which form a critical part in making the investment case for global mental health.MethodsThis study reviews, develops, and incorporates new estimates and methods in quantifying the global burden of mental illness. Using a composite estimation approach that accounts for premature mortality due to mental disorders and additional sources of morbidity and applying a value of a statistical life approach to economic valuation, we determine global and regional estimates of the economic cost that can be associated with mental disorders, building on data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study.FindingsWe estimate that 418 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) could be attributable to mental disorders in 2019 (16% of global DALYs)—a more than three-fold increase compared to conventional estimates. The economic value associated with this burden is estimated at about USD 5 trillion. At a regional level, the losses could account for between 4% of gross domestic product in Eastern sub-Saharan Africa and 8% in High-income North America.InterpretationThe burden of mental illness in terms of both health and economic losses may be much higher than previously assessed.FundingNone.

Implementation of mental health policies and reform in post-conflict countries: the case of post-genocide Rwanda.

The global burden of mental illness is rising, with populations in post-conflict countries contributing significantly to the numbers. Governments in these countries face the dual challenge of responding to increased mental health needs and implementing this response with institutions and economies weakened by war. This research studies the process, successes and challenges of implementing mental health reform in a low-resource, post-conflict country, a subject that is rarely studied. Based on fieldwork conducted in Rwanda in 2019, the study focuses on the implementation of this African country's post-genocide mental health policy, which relies primarily on strategies of decentralization and integration into the primary health care system. The results are based on 30 interviews conducted in Kigali and Ngoma with primary stakeholders including government officials, representatives from nongovernmental organizations, service providers and academics. These stakeholders held a positive view of the main strategies of the policy as they resulted in increased accessibility and availability of care for Rwandans. However, they also noted the institutionalization and individualization of mental health care as gaps in the implementation that do not respond to the Rwandan context. Building on complexity theory, the analysis found that many of these gaps, as well as opportunities to address them, are missed by the government due to top-down implementation and a lack of collaboration with local organizations and service providers working in the domain. The research results suggest that although it is possible to prioritize mental health in low-resource, complex settings, the implementation of such reform requires collaborative, adaptive and horizontal approaches in order to adequately address and respond to citizen needs and ensure quality mental health care for all.

Global burden of mental illness in agents fighting endemics.

Mental disorders are the main cause of the young and economically active population worldwide and in Brazil to live with disabilities, being an important public health problem nowadays. The objective was to estimate the burden of mental disorders among professionals working to combat endemic diseases in a state in northeastern Brazil. Medical records of workers linked to the Brazilian Ministry of Health in Ceará State and fighting endemic diseases were surveyed and, from this, a historical cohort was made. The individual quantification of absenteeism by mental disorders (ICD F-chapter referring to mental disorders) was conducted considering a period of about 35 years, from admission (the 1980s) to December 2017. The global burden of disease was measured by the YLD indicator (years lost to disability). Considering that no deaths due to mental disorders were observed, the YLL indicator (years of life lost) was composed. The high mental disorders burden in this group of workers stands out, whose mood disorders, including depression, conferred a YLD equal to 18.6. This represents just over 18 years of work lived with a disability. Our findings reinforce the need to implement surveillance and health promotion actions in workers to promote effective interventions capable of contributing to the reduction of morbidity in workers and economically active people.

Quantifying the Global Burden of Mental Illness and its Economic Value

Quantifying the Global Burden of Mental Illness and its Economic Value

Novel methods of teaching psychiatry to medical and postgraduate students.

Global burden of mental illness remains at an all-time high and provision of timely good quality care is a challenge globally. Current methods of medical and post-graduate education in psychiatry worldwide have been inadequate in treating those with mental illness. Enormous gaps exist in provision of high-quality teaching, particularly in poorer countries with many having no access to ongoing teaching and training. Technology and changes to curriculum design have transformed student experiences and highlighted the value of online learning. There are many models to consider from and we describe the development process for these, which also highlight why some can be superior to classroom-based learning. New innovations have significantly enhanced engagement and reach thereby bringing students across the globe into an interconnected community and putting them in touch with world experts. Although some of these options may be expensive, many can be made affordable and accessible. It is possible to use innovations in online education to ensure high-quality teaching is available globally. A high touch model may be suitable when resources permit, and otherwise low touch scalable models provide options for increasing reach. Together, these models provide optimism for improving standards of global psychiatric training.

Collaborative and scalable training model for rural comunities of La Sierra Madre in Chiapas, México: An opportunity for global mental health in low-middel income areas

IntroductionIn Chiapas, Mexico, it is estimated that 1,356 million people suffer from depression; there are about 210 psychologists (1/24,847 people) and 4 psychiatrists (1/1,304 people). Collaborative task sharing, which engages nonspecialists in mental health care delivery, is essential to address the large global burden of mental illness. The collaborative care model (CoCM), a specific type of task-sharing strategy, incorporates a team-based approach with: a primary care provider (PCP); a behavioral health professional, who is the care manager (CM); and a consulting psychiatrist. CoCM has shown improved outcomes for both mental and general health, expanded access to care, and cost-effectiveness.ObjectivesOur objective is to implement one of the arms of the phased model and CoCM, through supervision and training of health professionals not specialists in Mental Health, in different clinical spaces of community primary care, by specialists.MethodsWe implemented a training program taught by psychiatrists and psychologists for health workers in communities of La Sierra Madre in Chiapas, which includes: training of intern nurses, training and supervision of intern doctors and on-site supervision and training of community mental health workers (CMHW); all undergoing a process of monitoring, evaluation and quality.ResultsOf the patients that were treated (202; 89% women), more than 80% had a diagnosis of anxiety and depression. The most notable clinical improvement (measured with the PHQ-9 depression scale) occurred in the intervention group of CMHW + interns (reduction PHQ-9 58%).ConclusionsThis strategy seems acceptable to address the large gaps in the availability of mental health providers in low-income countries.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

A Scopus based bibliometric analysis on Mental Health Literacy research among the Youth: A global perspective

Objective: Research on Mental Health Literacy (MHL) has not been gained ample focus from policymakers and researchers particularly in developing countries. SDG 3.4 by 2030,associated with lowering the prevalence of non-communicable diseases including mental health problems through effective interventions. This study aims to initiate an insight into the role of MHL research among youth, against the increasing burden of mental illness, through a bibliometric review. Methods: Scopus database was used to excerpt pertinent MHL research among youth published from 1977 to 2020 across the globe. This review identified the major components which can be listed under the following themes that include the trend of research work, the top most countries, authors, and institutions.Results: The Scopus database was used to extract 225 research articles. The gradual escalation in the number of publications on MHL was noticed. The trend of citations showed declination.Developed countries have more focused on mental health literacy research among youth than in developing countries.Conclusion: Considering the global burden of mental illness among the youth, the quantity and quality of MHL research steered among youth across the globe is discontented. Greater attention from policymakers and researchers is required to address the prevalence of mental illness, by offering adequate MHL to the youth

Prevalence of anxiety, stress, and depression among health care and nonhealth-care professionals in India.

BACKGROUND:The psychological impact of anxiety, stress, and depression among health care and nonhealth-care professionals in India contribute significantly to the global burden of mental illness in the world. Impaired mental health and stress influence the efficiency and productivity of work. Long-term professional stress among individuals can lead to chronic illness, increased blood pressure, and many systemic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety, stress, and depression among the health care and nonhealth-care professionals in India.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This prospective survey-based study included 200 study participants (80 nonhealth care and 120 health-care workers) who were asked to submit their feedback and opinion on a questionnaire survey. Depression, stress, and anxiety were scored as per patient health questionnaire-4 and UCLA scale. The reliability of questionnaires was assessed using the Cronbach's alpha (r = 0.90). The statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test.RESULTS:Higher prevalence ratio of anxiety, depression, and stress was observed among nonhealth care compared to health-care professionals.CONCLUSION:Psychological disturbances were found to be higher among nonmedical when compared to health-care workers or professionals. Thus, psychological counseling is required to manage the stress levels in both health care and nonhealth-care professionals.

Multidisciplinary Approach to the Diagnosis and In-Hospital Management of COVID-19 Infection: A Narrative Review.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 disease) was declared a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by the World Health Organization. This unprecedented circumstance has challenged hospitals’ response capacity, requiring significant structural and organizational changes to cope with the surge in healthcare demand and to minimize in-hospital risk of transmission. As our knowledge advances, we now understand that COVID-19 is a multi-systemic disease rather than a mere respiratory tract infection, therefore requiring holistic care and expertise from various medical specialties. In fact, the clinical spectrum of presentation ranges from respiratory complaints to gastrointestinal, cardiac or neurological symptoms. In addition, COVID-19 pandemic has created a global burden of mental illness that affects the general population as well as healthcare practitioners. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive and multidisciplinary insight into the complexity of this disease, reviewing current scientific evidence on COVID-19 management and treatment across several medical specialties involved in the in-hospital care of these patients.

Psychiatric clinical exposure and its impact on attitude towards psychiatry in undergraduate medical students

Background: The discipline of psychiatry, and psychiatry as a career option, have been negatively regarded by medical students for decades. Recent literature states that disability due to psychiatric disorders has been increasing and the global burden of mental illness ranks second. For effective health care to be delivered, it is crucial that health professionals are not hampered by prejudiced attitudes. This study aims to assess the attitude of medical students towards psychiatry. Materials and Methods: The responses of 70 medical students from first year; who have not been exposed to psychiatry were compared with 127 final year students; who have completed psychiatry clinical postings, using ATP30 questionnaire that assessed their attitude to psychiatry and their interest in pursuing psychiatry as career choice. Results: The overall attitude towards psychiatry did not differ between students before and after psychiatric education. Women were found to have significant positive attitude towards psychiatry (p=0.007). Even though the overall scores did not show significant change, we have observed that psychiatric education had significant influence on the students with respect to the role of psychiatrist, psychiatric hospitals and the effectiveness of psychiatric treatment. Conclusion: Psychiatric education positively influences attitude of medical students towards some aspects of psychiatry but does not increase the number of students willing to pursue psychiatry as a career. It will be helpful if changes are made in psychiatric curriculum for undergraduates to meet current and future requirement of medical professionals to deal with psychiatric disorders. Keywords: Psychiatry, Attitude, Undergraduate.

A penalized structural equation modeling method accounting for secondary phenotypes for variable selection on genetically regulated expression from PrediXcan for Alzheimer's disease.

As the global burden of mental illness is estimated to become a severe issue in the near future, it demands the development of more effective treatments. Most psychiatric diseases are moderately to highly heritable and believed to involve many genes. Development of new treatment options demands more knowledge on the molecular basis of psychiatric diseases. Toward this end, we propose to develop new statistical methods with improved sensitivity and accuracy to identify disease-related genes specialized for psychiatric diseases. The qualitative psychiatric diagnoses such as case control often suffer from high rates of misdiagnosis and oversimplify the disease phenotypes. Our proposed method utilizes endophenotypes, the quantitative traits hypothesized to underlie disease syndromes, to better characterize the heterogeneous phenotypes of psychiatric diseases. We employ the structural equation modeling using the liability-index model to link multiple genetically regulated expressions from PrediXcan and the manifest variables including endophenotypes and case-control status. The proposed method can be considered as a general method for multivariate regression, which is particularly helpful for psychiatric diseases. We derive penalized retrospective likelihood estimators to deal with the typical small sample size issue. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method and the real data analysis of Alzheimer's disease illustrates the practical utility of the techniques. Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiativedatabase.

Global child and adolescent mental health: challenges and advances

Global mental health has never been more topical. The true global burden of mental illness has only recently been understood. Mental health disorders account for 32.4% of years lived with disabilit...

Bringing digital mental health to where it is needed most.

Mental health technologies, such as apps, clinical texting, social media platforms and web-based tools, have arrived. Channelling these resources to help people with serious mental illnesses, clinicians in need of support, and people in low-and middle-income countries will have the most impact on the global burden of mental illness.

Global Burden of Mental Illness in China and India

Global Burden of Mental Illness in China and India