Global Aspects Research Articles

The Impact of the Climate on Literature

Nature and its elements have always played a valuable role in the formation of religious beliefs and human art. In myths and literature, special attention has been paid to the elements of nature and their maintenance. Poets who have lived in beautiful and prosperous lands, compared to poets who have lived in plains and deserts, have written beautiful and enduring poems because the beauty of nature and its elements play a valuable role in depicting things. It should be remembered that the preservation of nature and its elements leads to the development and fertility of art and literature. In this article, the impact of climate on literature is analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way. In the same way, the poets and writers of the Dari language and literature have benefited from the elements of nature in different ways in expressing their thoughts. But nature in mystical poetry has a more personal aspect, meaning that mystical poets have used the elements of nature to express their mystical experiences and discoveries. Of course, different poets use nature in different ways. In the poems of the first periods, nature has a global aspect and these poets have continuously described nature and its elements.

Do Parties Matter? Party Positions and European Voters’ Attitudes toward Economic and Political Globalization

Abstract To what extent do party positions influence voters’ attitudes toward the economic and political aspects of globalization? Initially an issue following a left-right dimension of conflict, globalization increasingly divides mainstream from nonmainstream parties. In this study, I argue that parties help citizens form opinions on globalization issues. I then use data on voters’ attitudes and party positions on globalization to test this supply-side theory of globalization attitudes on both economic and political dimensions. Holding demand-side factors such as economic self-interest and predispositions/values constant, I find that party positions strongly affect voters’ views on economic and political globalization, with the effect being similar to that of education. Moreover, I find that the effect of cues from left- and right-populist parties is much more negative than that of mainstream parties, replicating previous elite-level findings on the positioning of these party families. Finally, green party cues show conflicting results for the economic and political dimensions, with green cues affecting voters negatively on economic globalization but positively on political globalization. The findings in this study call for a deeper exploration of the supply-side determinants of globalization attitudes.

Methodological and regulatory aspects of pharmaceutical development of biological products

The aim of the work was to conduct an analysis of the current state and current trends in the approval of drugs, as well as some aspects of the methodology for their development based on biological molecules and registration.Materials and methods. The material for the analysis was taken from the abstract databases of PubMed, Google Scholar and e-library.ru. The search was carried out using publications for the period from 2008 to 2023, the keywords were as follows: “biologicals”, “new drug approval”, “drug authorization”, “drug development”, “biosimilar”, taking into account various spellings.Results. Over the past 15 years, scientists have been observing revolutionary trends and processes in the field of the drug development, especially biopharmaceuticals. Significant advances have been made in gene, immune and cell therapies, resulting in the approval of such drugs more than doubling over the past ten years. The development of biological drugs includes the identification and testing of molecular targets and requires a deep understanding of the structure and functioning of the polypeptides involved in the development of the effect. The features of these active pharmaceutical substances are a high molecular weight, a complex three-dimensional structure and a high immunogenic potential. Preclinical and clinical studies of biologics have unique challenges. Selecting appropriate animal species, understanding the immunogenicity, and assessing pharmacodynamics and toxicological properties require a multilevel, detailed approach. The article discusses the regulatory framework under which these drugs are registered, summarizing the guidelines provided by international organizations such as the International Council for Harmonization and various national agencies.Conclusion. The analysis highlights the current advances and prospects in the development of biologics, highlighting their key role in future transformations in the treatment of rare diseases and oncology, approaching the era of personalized medicine. Monitoring the development directions and technological approaches, as well as the commitment to global methodological and regulatory aspects can become a catalyst in the development of the Russian pharmacology.

Proposed Marketing Strategy for Music Band in Indonesia (Case: YOI Band)

YOI is an Indonesian music group that was founded in Bandung. They have been successful since the publication of their first album in 2007, however they have struggled with decreasing sales in recent years. The band members stated that improper management, especially with regard to marketing initiatives that make them less competitive, is the primary cause of the issues. In order to improve YOI’s business performance, this research suggests a marketing plan. The SWOT analysis, TOWS matrix, and 4P Mix Marketing framework are among the various of the strategic analytical techniques and frameworks that were utilized in this research to help formulate strategy. The research’s approach focused on consumer analysis, while gathering data from surveys, interviews, and secondary sources. In order to identify opportunities and threats facing YOI, the research also included an external analysis that considered political, legal, economic, demographic, sociocultural, technological, global, and physical aspects. The industry analysis was conducted using Porter’s Five Forces model. In order to get a deeper understanding of the competitive environment, this research also conducts competitor and internal analysis to pinpoint YOI’s strengths and weaknesses. The findings indicate that YOI had challenges such as low barriers to entry and intense competition, while simultaneously benefiting from advantages such as a strong brand reputation and a favorable economic climate. In order to address the difficulty and make the most of the prospects, the research suggested focusing on the young and established enthusiasts segments, and strategically positioning by aligning YOI’s capabilities with their desires. The study provided strategies to harness the influence of social media users in order promote YOI’s positive image and undertake product differentiation initiatives to address the intense competition. The study concludes with proposing a marketing strategy and implementation plan to effectively tackle the issues faced by YOI and capitalize on the potential available.

However, what is legitimacy? Residents’ perception of the legitimacy of a Brazilian ethnic-cultural festival

ABSTRACT Despite being considered a solid and widely explored topic in the organisational context, legitimacy still needs more academic participation in empirical research in tourism. The same is true of festivals, which are considered an essential tool for cultural valorisation and must be considered authentic and legitimate by the population. Based on the above, this article aims to analyse how ethnic-cultural festivals acquire legitimacy in the local community's perception, using the current Brazilian Oktoberfest as the locus of study. To this end, an explanatory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach was adopted. Seventeen interviews were conducted with Blumenau residents who participated directly or indirectly in the most significant and oldest Brazilian Oktoberfest. The results provided theoretical and managerial contributions. It was noted that the legitimacy of ethno-cultural festivals is judged based on global, pragmatic, moral and cognitive aspects. It also emerged that symbolism represented local traditions, and the active and representative participation of the local community are the aspects that most legitimise such events.

GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBAL TRENDS: IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE ECONOMY

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of globalization and the impact of artificial intelligence on the economy and business. Researching the impact of globalization, technology, and artificial intelligence on the economy is a hot topic that is attracting significant interest among countries and companies. This research makes it possible to understand the current trends in the development of the world economy, predict its future changes and develop strategies that will help companies and countries use new opportunities and reduce possible risks. Today, artificial intelligence has a great impact on various fields of activity, in particular on business and the economy, which has global consequences, therefore, conducting research in this field is of great importance. The modern world is covered by the process of globalization, dynamic changes in technology and the development of the Internet, it needs a tool for the development of business and economy, for this it is possible to use artificial intelligence. The implementation of artificial intelligence opens up new opportunities for companies, such as automation, data analytics, personalization of services, development of innovative products and improvement of management. However, at the same time, it brings new challenges. Researching the impact of globalization, technology, and artificial intelligence on the economy is an important tool for developing strategies and solving problems affecting the economy and society as a whole.

Human Rights and the pedagogy of fear: a reading of “In the construction to the Great Wall of China” from Kafka

The work seeks to establish a dialogue between Law, Literature, and Political Philosophy on what Giorgio Agamben calls "impolitic of exile," and which is perpetrated by the West against people who seek survival through migration, in many cases fleeing wars provoked and/or financed by the same States that deny them protection and shelter. In the Kafkanian text that serves as a paradigm for this work, the narrator, who was one of the thousands of people who worked in the Construction of the Great Wall of China, describes the reasons, circumstances, and first construction activities in which, on the one hand, the bureaucratic and unquestionable decision to carry it out, and on the other hand the justification for it, named in this text as the pedagogy of fear. Fear from who? Of the northern barbarians, identified as monstrous figures. To us, this method is a particular aspect of globalization because things that do not have personality have free transit by the frontiers; persons with fundamental human rights are prohibited from migrating and searching for a new and good life. The great contradiction: things have a price; persons, value, and according to the political philosophy of Kant, only what has value is genuinely important; things are substitutable. And this is the most contradiction of globalization: the minus value of human beings and their fundamental rights. The work is based on the transdisciplinarity methodology, characterized by dialogue between knows – in this case, International Human Rights Law, literature, and Political Philosophy - and criticism, adopting the prevalence of fundamental principles of Human Rights as a way of protecting human beings in exile.

Paths to Global Health: the World Health Organization's Role in Confronting COVID-19 Challenges

This study aims to analyze the role played by WHO as a world health institution in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the concept of Global Health Governance and Reordering Health to Health Security from Annmarie Bindenagel ehović, this study wants to see changes in the arrangement of health as a vital aspect and agreed by all countries. The findings in this study showing that WHO has made significant changes to the global health order aspects in stages as seen from the way WHO has handled pandemics and epidemics that occurred before COVID-19. However, from the research there is founding that WHO's siding with one country, which is an obstacle according to other countries.

Explore the Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on WTI Oil Prices

This research paper explores the relationships between West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil prices and various macroeconomic indicators. Given the significant role of WTI prices in shaping global economic activities, understanding their volatile dynamics is crucial for numerous industries. Predicting these prices, however, poses significant challenges due to the complex nature of the oil market, influenced by myriad factors such as geopolitical developments, supply-demand imbalances, and diverse macroeconomic parameters. The research addresses this issue by developing a predictive model for WTI oil prices, deploying an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The study has a selection of macroeconomic variables that accurately reflect the global economy's various aspects influencing WTI prices. These include the NASDAQ index, the US Dollar Index (DXY), the Economic Uncertainty Index, the 5-Year Inflation Break Even, the US 3-Month Treasury, the 10Y Less 2Y, the US Oil Demand, and the difference between oil Demand and Supply. This research aims to deepen our understanding of the multifaceted relationship between WTI oil prices and these critical macroeconomic indicators. In doing so, this study offers substantial academic contributions to comprehending oil price dynamics. Additionally, it provides valueable insights for industry stakeholders, financial analysts, policymakers, and investors, enhancing economic planning and risk management across sectors.

The role of financial and trade globalization in enhancing environmental sustainability: Evaluating the effectiveness of carbon taxation and renewable energy in EU member countries

The study addresses the pressing issue of environmental degradation, pinpointing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as its primary driver, posing a threat to global environmental sustainability, including the member countries of the European Union (EU). Global warming problems persist, but previous studies have not adequately explored the factors that contribute to a reduction in carbon emissions in EU countries. The paper fills the gap by assessing the efficacy of carbon tax and eco-innovation in mitigating CO2 levels from 1994 to 2019, considering the influence of renewable energy and various aspects of globalization. The study establishes long-term associations among the indicators examined using advanced methodologies, including the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag approach and the Westerlund cointegration method. Notably, the results highlight that carbon taxes, eco-innovation, renewable energy, and globalization contribute to slowing environmental deterioration, and economic progress plays a role in mitigating environmental sustainability challenges in EU member states. These findings reinforce the importance of robust strategies for reducing CO2 emissions and minimizing adverse environmental impacts.

Cubic Polishing Spline-Based Algorithms for Industrial Image Processing

Industrial image processing is a major technology in the fourth industrial revolution. In recent years, the spline method has gained more and more attention in image processing. To explore an efficient reconstruction algorithm, this paper proposes novel cubic polishing spline image processing algorithms. The cubic polishing spline is a high precision spline algorithm that brings more degrees of freedom by adding nodes to better balance the local and global aspects. First, the direct and indirect cubic polishing spline transforms are used for the image interpolation filter. Then, we construct the least squares cubic polishing spline and pyramid approximation method with application to the image reconstruction and image scaling (image upscaling or downscaling). Next, the frequency domain cubic polishing spline lowpass filter and highpass filter are proposed, and the proposed schemes are applied to image smoothing and image sharpening respectively. Finally, the PSNR and SSIM and RMSE evaluation metrics are used to illustrate the reconstruction effects, and experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can achieve better reconstruction results with better fidelity and competitiveness compared with other schemes.

ИНСТИТУТ УСЛУГ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ ЗНАНИЙ: ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ, ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ВИРТУАЛЬНОЙ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНО-МАРКЕТИНГОВОЙ СРЕДЫ, КОНЦЕПЦИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ

The article explores the theoretical foundations and genesis of the economics of knowledge and services. The features of industrial revolutions, the modern environment of the functioning of the economic entity, globalization aspects and laws of the formation of the institution of services in the knowledge economy are studied. The prerequisites for the institutionalization of the knowledge economy have been identified. The concept of development of services in the knowledge economy is proposed.

ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИЙ МАРКЕТИНГ: ЗМІСТ, ЗАВДАННЯ, СУБ’ЄКТИ, ІНТЕРЕСИ

Marketing can help a country ensure its value, attract foreign tourists, interest international businessmen and investors, and make living, studying, and working in it prestigious. This applies not only to the country as a whole but also to its regions and local communities. The success of each territory determines the success of the country as a whole, and vice versa. However, does marketing contribute favorably to this process? Why is territorial marketing important? Territorial marketing is a strategic direction of marketing aimed at enhancing the attractiveness and competitiveness of a specific territory. Territorial marketing can be divided into two main categories: Marketing of territories aimed at increasing the attractiveness and image of the territory as a whole for both internal and external audiences; marketing within territories aimed at supporting and promoting specific products, services, and events within the territory; in this case, the inhabitants of the territory play two roles: they are a resource of the territory, participating in the process of creating goods, services, events, in the public life of this territory, and simultaneously consumers of state and municipal services, public goods, other resources, and potentials of the territory with their needs, problems, and desires. The full implementation of marketing throughout the territory of Ukraine is a task that requires not one decade to implement, although the first steps have already been taken. However, they, at the moment, mainly concern traditional marketing of specific goods and services, and as for marketing of the territories themselves, there are still very few positive changes. Western researchers of place marketing pay primary attention in their works to the differences between territories as objects of marketing compared to goods and services, aspects of the brand and image of territories, their impact on socio-economic development, strategies and tools for the development of marketing of a specific territory, global and local aspects. This article focuses on territorial marketing as objects of marketing attention and approach, as this issue is the least explored and extremely relevant. Territorial marketing plays an important role in the development of countries and their regions. The use of a marketing approach will help preserve the value of territories, attract investor attention, develop tourism and business, and also enhance the prestige of living and working. In turn, successful promotion of the territory requires a thorough understanding of the interests of various categories of consumers, as well as studying their roles and decision-making mechanisms. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop effective marketing strategies aimed at attracting and retaining consumer attention, as well as cooperating with various subjects of territorial marketing.

Vaccinating humanitarian workers against COVID-19.

To describe the United Nations' (UN's) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination programme and its efforts to vaccinate frontline humanitarian personnel stationed in locations where access to COVID-19 vaccine was limited or absent. The vaccination programme was structured as a two-level operation: a global vaccine deployment support team and local vaccine deployment teams in each participating country, territory or administrative area. The central group, led by a global vaccine coordinator, oversaw medical, legal, financial, logistical, data, technological and communication aspects. Local vaccine deployment teams were led by coordinators who managed registration, logistics, communication and vaccine administration. The programme used World Health Organization-approved COVID-19 vaccines and developed prioritization criteria for distributing vaccine supplies. The programme ensured that vaccines for the UN personnel were not diverted from the populations they were intended to serve. The programme successfully formed 120 deployment teams across 152 eligible countries, territories and administrative areas, targeting approximately 673 000 individuals. By April 2023, 72 countries, territories and administrative areas had received over 470 000 doses, of which 337 072 doses were administered. Almost half of the doses administered (167 616) were to individuals in five UN hardship countries. Ninety-five severe adverse events were reported, but none led to any reported medical evacuation, permanent disability or death. The programme demonstrated effective global coordination and local implementation, adapting to diverse contexts and operational challenges. The model can serve as a guide for global actors for future health emergencies, or for deploying health aid at a regional or global scale.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ

The article examines the concept of food security as a key component of national stability in the context of globalization processes. The role of the agricultural sector and state regulation in ensuring food self-sufficiency is highlighted, indicators of self-sufficiency, availability and consumption of food in Ukraine are analyzed. Along with this, the global food security index (GFSI) of Ukraine and the value of its components in 2021-2022 were studied. An analysis of the dynamics of the value of the food basket in Ukraine for the years 2019-2024 was carried out and the processes affecting the formation of this value were identified. Ukraine, with its favorable climate and abundant natural resources, is a significant player in global agriculture. It produces enough food not only for its domestic market but also for export, particularly in staple commodities like wheat, corn, and sunflower oil. These agricultural products support both self-sufficiency and Ukraine's role as an important exporter. The positive and negative aspects of globalization, its impact on the structure of exports and imports are analyzed in detail, and the key threats to the country's food security, particularly in war conditions, are identified. The state initiatives and legal acts introduced to improve Ukraine's food safety are examined in detail. The article also suggests directions for increasing the stability of the food system in Ukraine. In conclusion, while Ukraine's agricultural potential is significant, addressing global and domestic challenges is critical for securing long-term food security. By supporting domestic production, diversifying trade, and improving food quality control, Ukraine can not only maintain its food independence but also strengthen its global position. In particular, this can be achieved by providing financial and technological support to farmers, encouraging sustainable farming practices, and investing in agricultural innovation. A focus on innovation, infrastructure development, and sustainability will allow the country to better navigate the complexities of the modern food market and safeguard its food systems for future generations.

PROBLEMS IN FORMING STUDENTS’ COMPETENCE IN TEACHING PHYSICS

In recent years, global challenges have brought about significant changes in the field of education. While some of these changes have positively impacted the learning process, others have had negative consequences. On the positive side, the introduction of innovative technologies and digital learning tools has enhanced the quality of education and improved learning outcomes. However, the negative aspects of globalization, such as increased distractions and the loss of traditional learning values, have led to a decrease in students’ motivation to study.This article aims to identify the factors that hinder the development of subject competence in phys-ics among students in the current educational landscape. To achieve the goals and objectives of the study, a survey was conducted involving 53 teachers with varying years of experience teaching physics in Kazakh-medium classes. These teachers provided valuable insights into the challenges they face in fostering subject competence among their students.The results of the survey revealed that the vast majority of teachers believe the primary obstacle to the formation of students’ competence in physics is the lack of didactic materials aligned with the updated curriculum. The absence of well-structured resources that reflect the changes in the curriculum has made it difficult for teachers to effectively engage students and reinforce key concepts in physics. Furthermore, the study found that the inadequate provision of teaching aids, particularly in remote rural areas, further exacerbates the issue. Many schools in these areas lack the necessary equipment and re-sources to provide students with hands-on learning experiences.In addition to material challenges, the survey highlighted the decline in students’ motivation to acquire knowledge. This drop in motivation is attributed to several factors, including the increasing influence of digital distractions and a growing disconnect between students’ daily lives and academic learning. The lack of motivation, combined with the scarcity of modern educational tools and resources, poses a significant barrier to the effective teaching of physics.In conclusion, the study underscores the urgent need to address these challenges in order to improve the teaching of physics and foster better student competence in the subject. This will require not only updating didactic materials to align with new curricula but also ensuring that all schools, especially those in rural areas, are equipped with the necessary teaching aids. Additionally, strategies to enhance student motivation and engagement must be prioritized to create a more conducive learning environment.

Mapping the Story of Manga: Graphic Novels and the Cultural Boom in Japan and World

Manga are circulated in graphic novel format as printed Japanese comic books. They are famous Japanese graphic novels or comic books. A popular form of literature, read by people of different age groups. They certainly provide visual as well as linguistic examples of Japanese culture. They deal with a number of genres like fantasy, romance, supernatural, erotica, action, psychological, science fiction and many more to include. This paper deals with manga-culture, its evolution and, cultural and global aspects attached to it. It highlights the educational element associated with manga. It further discusses about the prospects of manga being a form of cross-cultural literature and, how influential it is not only in Japan but also worldwide.

Research on Network Similarity Comparison Method Based on Higher-Order Information

Quantifying structural similarity between complex networks presents a fundamental and formidable challenge in network science, which plays a crucial role in various fields, such as bioinformatics, social science, and economics, and serves as an effective method for network classification, temporal network evolution and network generated model evaluation, etc. Traditional network comparison methods often rely on simplistic structural properties such as node degree and network distance. However, these methods only consider the local or global aspect of a network, leading to inaccuracies in network similarity assessments. In this paper, we introduce a network similarity comparison method based on the high-order structure. This innovative approach takes into account both the global and local structures of a network, resulting in a more comprehensive and accurate quantification of the network difference. Specifically, we construct distributions of higher-order clustering coeffcients and distance between nodes within a network. The JensenShannon divergence, based on these two distributions, is used to quantitatively measure the similarity between two networks, offering a more refined and robust measure of network similarity. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conducted a series of comprehensive experiments on both artificial and real-world networks, spanning various domains and applications. By meticulously fine-tuning the parameters associated with three distinct artificial network generation models, we systematically compared the performance of our method under a wide range of parameter settings within the same network. In addition, we generated four different network models with varying levels of randomization, creating a diverse set of test cases to evaluate the method's robustness and adaptability. In artificial networks, our study rigorously compared our proposed method with other baseline techniques, consistently demonstrating its superior accuracy and stability through experimental results; In real networks, we selected datasets from diverse domains and confirmed the reliability of our method by conducting extensive similarity assessments between real networks and their perturbed reconstructed counterparts. Furthermore, in real networks, the rigorous comparison between our method and null models underscored its robustness and stability across a broad spectrum of scenarios and applications. Finally, a meticulous sensitivity analysis of the parameters revealed that our method exhibited remarkable performance consistency across networks of different types, scales, and complexities.

Fractional CO2 Laser, Radiofrequency and Topical Estrogen for Treating Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Vulvar Vestibule.

Background and Objectives: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) affects more than half of postmenopausal women. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and histological aspects of microablative fractionated CO2 laser (CO2L), microablative fractionated radiofrequency (RF) and intravaginal estrogen (ET) therapy as GSM treatments for the vulvar vestibule. Materials and Methods: This study included postmenopausal women with at least one moderate-to-severe complaint of GSM. Women in the CO2L and RF groups received three monthly sessions of outpatient vulvovaginal therapy. The procedures were performed 30 min after applying 4% lidocaine gel to the vulva and vaginal introitus. Vulvar vestibular pain was assessed after each application using a 10-point VAS. A follow-up evaluation was performed 120 days after beginning each treatment. Digital images of the vulva were obtained and a 5-point Likert scale (1 = much worse, 2 = worse, 3 = neutral, 4 = better, 5 = much better) was used to assess the global post-treatment women's impression of improvement regarding GSM. Results: A significant change in clinical aspects of the vulva was observed after all treatments with a reduction in the atrophic global vulvar aspect and an enhancement of the trophic aspect. High satisfaction was also reported after treatment according to the Likert scale evaluation: CO2L (4.55 ± 0.97), RF (4.54 ± 0.95), CT (4 ± 1.41), p = 0.066. Histological evaluation revealed enhanced dermal papillae before pre-treatment, significantly reducing post-treatment in all groups (p = 0.002). No unintended effects were reported. Conclusions: CO2L, RF, and ET significantly improved GSM concerning the vulvar vestibule at the 4 months follow-up.

Introduction of innovative solutions in agriculture – legal aspects

The aim of the article is to identify the possibility of creating legal solutions for the implementation of innovation in agriculture in the Polish and European legal system. The particular emphasis on the development of new technologies put in the Common Agricultural Policy after 2023 indicates that it is becoming one of the most important factors shaping the competitiveness and profitability of agriculture. It presupposes the development of a number of legal mechanisms that together will make up agricultural innovation. This heterogeneity is a major problem but at the same time an opportunity for agriculture. The article identifies first of all possible legal solutions, but emphasises that they cannot be developed without the cooperation of specialists from other scientific disciplines and representatives of business related to modern technologies. The definition of the legal framework for innovative solutions in agriculture cannot be separated from the consideration of global and European aspects. The speed and possibilities of the application of modern solutions will determine the place of Polish agriculture in the international arena for many years to come.