Glass Of Orange Juice Research Articles

Effect of soft beverages on the in vitro dissolution of gastro-resistant tablets containing low dose Acetylsalicylic acid

The need for additional fluids for easy absorption is typical for elderly patients and those with dysphagia. Most often, these patients take their medication with a glass of orange juice or another liquid instead of a glass of water. We conducted a dissolution test with gastro-resistant tablets acetylsalicylic acid where different kind of orange juice or soft drink wеre added to the release medium. As a control, release medium - buffers 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 were used. The released aspirin was determined after HPLC analysis. The obtained data were fitted to different kinetic models. The results of the dissolution test in medium buffers with added different beverage showed results similar to those obtained in pure buffer, where it is used an artificial sweetener and different, when sugar or glucose-fructose syrup was used to sweeten the beverage. The most significant change was observed in the release kinetics of the active substance.To exclude the possibility that the other beverage ingredients or excipients used to make the tablets affect the release profile of acetylsalicylic acid, we conducted a beverage-like dissolution test. Instead of a original beverage, we used water and sugar syrup, in a concentration that is declared on the label of the original beverages. The results obtained confirm that different sugar concentrations alter the release profile of acetylsalicylic acid from gastro resistant tablets when they are taken with a glass of sugar-containing beverage instead of a glass of water.

Pyrite

Pyrite Mary Ruefle (bio) I can really see Christ standingin the glass kitchen, having a glassof orange juice. But what he doesnext I do not know. Does he saythe world is ugly and people are sad?Is he fond of quoting Creation?The view from the house is simpleand gorgeous, a long gold meadowending in a stand of birches.Beyond that is anybody's guess.My guess being as good as anybody'sI'd say there was a lake beyond the treeswhere the trout turn to drinkas they sometimes do in their tiredness.Yes, I can see him standing in the glasshouse with the OJ sweet on his lipsand the view as good as it gets,as far as it goes. Let's leave him there,for we have jobs to do and places to bebeyond the imagination. [End Page 116] Mary Ruefle Mary Ruefle is the author of, most recently, My Private Property. She is the recipient of numerous honors, including the 2017 Aiken Taylor Award in Modern American Poetry. Copyright © 2018 The University of the South

Content of Ascorbic Acid in Common Cowslip (Primula veris L.) Compared to Common Food Plants and Orange Juices

AbstractAscorbic acid is a well-known antioxidant found in plants. The content of ascorbic acid was assayed using a normal phase European Pharmacopoeia HPLC method for ascorbic acid in medicinal products. The content of ascorbic acid in herbs was calculated in % for absolutely dry drug. Ascorbic acid was not detected in the roots ofPrimula veris, in aerial parts it was detected in flowers (0.43 ± 0.034%), in blades (1.43 ± 0.11%) and petioles (1.56 ± 0.12%). In fresh leaves collected at weekly intervals the content of ascorbic acid varied from 1.19 to 2.39%, being highest from mid-May to mid-June. The fresh leaves contained 2.35 ± 0.18% of ascorbic acid and when frozen its content was quite stable for one year. The content of ascorbic acid in dried leaves decreased more than ten times in three months, in twelve months it was less than 1/20thof the initial level. Compared to the analyzed common fresh fruits and salads (n = 10) the fresh leaves of common cowslip contained considerably more ascorbic acid. Commercial orange juices could be recommended as the most convenient source of ascorbic acid (8.6–50.4 mg/100 ml); 1–5 glasses of orange juice could fulfill the recommended daily intake of vitamin C (60 mg).

Orange juice nutritional profile

The article continues a series of publications on juices nutrient profiles. Based on the literature data, scientific articles on the content of nutritive and biologically active substances in orange juice and the results of studies of various samples of orange juice of domestic industrial production conducted by the Russian Union of Juice Producers (RSPS), the article presents the nutrient profile of orange juice which contains more than 30 nutritive and biologically active substances. Potassium, copper, folate, vitamin C, as well as flavonoids (mostly hesperidin) are the most significant for industrial orange juice from the point of view of providing human body with micronutrients and minor biologically active substances. A glass of orange juice (200-250 ml) contains, on average, about 14% of the daily requirement in potassium, 7% - in copper, 25% - in folates and about 100% - in vitamin C. The content of flavonoids in a glass of orange juice is about 60% of daily recommended intake of these substances. Orange juices contain dietary fibers - both soluble (pectins) and insoluble. The total content of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber in a glass of orange juice with pulp on averages is 5% of the daily requirement in dietary fiber.

Oretha

Oretha Crystal Wilkinson (bio) [End Page 47] Black shank nearly took the tobacco crops that summer, and then a plague of grasshoppers swooped down to take the garden. I was spraying vinegar on the tomato plants to stave off the bugs while Gloria was out by the side of the house pulling weeds. We had the cd player lugged out onto the porch so John Lee Hooker could cool our insides, and we guessed later that the music was up so high that we didn’t hear no kind of warning about Oretha’s return. I heard her belt out, “Hello!” and I knew it was Oretha even before I stood up and turned around to take a look. She was real close up on me with her hands on her hips. Ten years done passed and she still wore her clothes too tight for her own good, and her hair, straight as a board now, hung down past her neck. She wore bright yellow and orange against her dark shoulders. I couldn’t lie. She was still fine. “Girl, how you been?” I said and hugged her with one arm—all open and half-hearted for good measure, even after all these years. “Look at y’all living out here in the boonies. Dana told me y’all was out here.” Oretha was the only woman who’d ever called my mother by her first name. Dana. She said it like Mama was just one of her friends. All the rest of my friends, and especially girlfriends, called her Mrs. Green or Ms. Dana. That morning ten years back, I thought I was in love with Oretha. We woke up in my bed at my mama’s house to a flock of starlings roaring in the tree in the backyard. Mama was hollering from the bottom of the steps that breakfast was ready. It was a Sunday morning and I was holding Oretha in my arms, circling my fingers on her bare shoulder, and Prince was playing on the stereo. The early light was shining in the window, and I wanted to scream down to the entire world that Oretha belonged to me. Her hair was a big mess of an Afro then and she laid there looking up at me like she loved me too. And it didn’t matter that we hadn’t even dated and that the night before had been the first time she had lain underneath me moaning so loud that I had to hold my hand over her mouth so my mother wouldn’t hear. The birds, the way the light hit the window, even Mama calling me down to breakfast—and Oretha there in my arms like the truth—I saw it all as some kind of sign. I went down for breakfast but snuck Oretha up cold eggs, two biscuits, and a glass of orange juice. She was still naked in my bed but had her back turned to me and was sitting up watching Mama head out to church. Out the window the birds were still rustling in the trees, making them look like one black swarm. From my room we could see clean on past Mama’s property line up the hill and the top of Silas Smith’s barn. I slipped behind Oretha and pulled her back on the bed just when a magical breeze eased through the window and mixed with the sounds of the birds and Prince singing about Sexy Dancer. I would have sworn then that honeysuckle rode on the wind into the room that morning, but I’m not sure now. I do remember that when the second round of lovemaking was done and we [End Page 48] were lying in each other’s arms that I asked her to be my girlfriend. Oretha looked me dead in the eye and laughed, apologizing with every giggle when she could see that my feelings were hurt, and though I didn’t know it until later that next week, by that very Sunday afternoon she had hitched a ride to God- only- knows- where and become a city woman. Just like that. Gone. I wasn’t...

Monitoring recovery from iron deficiency using total hemoglobin mass.

Using hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) to diagnose borderline iron deficiency and monitor the progress of its treatment is difficult because of the confounding effects of plasma volume. Because hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) is not affected by plasma volume, it may be a more sensitive parameter. The aim of this study was to monitor Hbmass, iron storage, and maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) during and after oral iron therapy in subjects with severe and moderate iron deficiency. Three groups of female recreational athletes were monitored for at least 22 wk, as follows: 1) severe iron deficiency group (SID) (n = 8; ferritin, ≤12 ng·mL), 2) moderate iron deficiency group (MID) (n = 14; ferritin, ≤25 ng·mL), and 3) control group (n = 8; ferritin, >25 ng·mL). Hbmass and iron status were determined before, during, and up to 12 wk after at least 10 wk of oral iron supplementation. In total, five V˙O2max tests were performed before, during, and after the supplementation period. Hbmass increased markedly in the SID group (15.6% ± 11.0%, P < 0.001) and slightly in the MID group (2.2% ± 3.7%, P < 0.05) by the end of the supplementation period and remained at this level for the following 12 wk. [Hb] and Hbmass were similarly affected, but Hbmass was more closely related to mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin than [Hb]. The SID group incorporated 534 ± 127 mg of iron into ferritin and hemoglobin, whereas the MID group incorporated 282 ± 68 mg of iron. V˙O2max increased only in the SID group by 0.20 ± 0.18 L·min (P < 0.05) and was closely related to Hbmass (P < 0.01). Hbmass is a sensitive tool for monitoring recovery from iron deficiency anemia and assessing the effectiveness of iron supplementation in individuals with severe or moderate iron deficiency.

The Half-Life

The Half-Life Annie Penfield (bio) Listen for a cry or moan of a child in a nearby bedroom. I listen for the bang of a horse in the barn out my window. I listen for the dishwasher churning away downstairs. My body cannot let down for listening. I listen for his return—but I know he will not come home tonight. He has gone to drink. He has been gone three days already. I have not relished sleeping in the center of the bed, the way we joked about our husbands’ absence during deployment, during the certainty of knowing Clark was gone and making the most of the space. I don’t reach into the other half of the bed, but fist my hands between my thighs—roll myself into containment. I struggle between asleep and awake. When morning finally arrives I feel groggy and disorientated. I know physically where I am but I no longer recognize the shape of my life. The house is quiet—even my old dog’s breathing is so subdued I fear she might have died during the night. I don’t want to wake her so I watch her sides for movement. Relieved to see the small rise and fall of her rib cage, I shift my gaze to the window. The sun climbs from the far corner, illuminating thin clouds that begin to inflate with color, and then rises to cut through the tree tops on the hill. The light settles on the high point of our hayfield. The fields are empty. The horses wait in the barn; not even the ever-present turkeys move across our landscape this morning. I have to get up so that my son, the first of the children to awaken, will not go down to a still kitchen. I have to get them to school on time. None of my ordinary morning smells greet me. The coffee pot sits empty and cold on the counter. I search the utensil drawer for the metal scoop and dish out enough for two cups, one for now and one for later. Pulling out the cookbook, I flip to the pancakes—a recipe he knows by heart. My eyes stick on the pen marks in the margin, his all-capital abbreviations printed in ink, [End Page 1] “TSP.” Turning the griddle to low heat, I lift the burner to check the flame. My impatience sets the burner on high for a quick result. (“You always put the burner up too high,” he would say as I chiseled the first burnt batch off the hot surface.) I shiver and glance at the woodstove. Even though I see no frost out my window, it’s chilly in here. We are in a seasonal transition—the bardo—a distended moment of in-between, no longer winter but not quite thawed. Moving to the woodstove, I stir the coals and push a log in to rouse the fire and warm this one-room floor. Then I switch on some music to stir the children. Nonsensical lyrics from The Lion King’s “Circle of Life” blast through the house. Once, I tried looking for the words in my Swahili dictionary, without luck. Still, they are sounds we belt out together in the car. I flip pancakes as the children climb onto the stools at the island. Anna has turned off the stereo on her way into the kitchen. I would think she would prefer the noise, the distraction. Although he is only six, my son knows by my presence over the pancakes that his father is missing. His two sisters know this too. I turn on the radio and hand them glasses of orange juice and plates filled with cut-up pancakes coated in syrup. I turn to the calendar to study the arc of the coming days. It’s the third morning I have woken up alone and I probably will tomorrow. Tomorrow, Saturday, I will work at my shop. I consider who I can call to watch the children. Who will I let in on our missing? I glance at the calendar to review the weekend plans: on Sunday, in Lyssa’s large...

Calcium and vitamin D supplementation is associated with decreased intra‐abdominal fat mass

Calcium and vitamin D may play an important role in the regulation of abdominal fat mass. The effect of calcium (Ca) and vitamin D (D) supplemented regular (Reg) and reduced-calorie (Lite) orange juice (OJ), in combination with a hypocaloric diet, was studied on weight loss and visceral fat mass in overweight and obese adults. Two, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were conducted, one with Reg OJ and one with Lite OJ. In each 16-wk trial, participants were randomized into 1 of 2 groups. Each day the first group consumed three 240 mL glasses of OJ (Lite or Reg) fortified with 350 mg Ca and 100 IU D per serving (Reg-CaD and Lite-CaD, respectively), and the second group consumed unfortified OJ (Reg-C or Lite-C, respectively). Visceral and total abdominal fat measurements were performed by computed tomography by a single cut at L4. After 16 wk, weight change was not different in the Lite and Reg trials. While a trend in absolute reduction of intra-abdominal fat mass was found in the Lite-CaD group, an actual significant reduction of intra-abdominal fat mass occurred in the Reg-CaD group. This effect remained highly significant when results of both trials were combined (p=0.007). Analysis of the combined data demonstrated a significant percentage decrease in intra-abdominal fat mass in the CaD groups. Thus, Ca and D supplementation reduced intra-abdominal fat mass suggesting Ca and/or vitamin D may contribute to a preferential reduction of visceral fat. Sources of Support: NIDDK (DK046200), The Coca-Cola Company, MGH Weight Center

Effect of N-acetyl-cysteine and hyperoxia on erythropoietin production

Previous studies in healthy subjects have shown an increase in erythropoietin (EPO) production after administration of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). These authors hypothesized that NAC increases intracellular reduced glutathione, decreasing reactive oxygen species and enabling EPO production. We investigated if EPO production could be stimulated with a single dose of NAC, after 90min of pure oxygen breathing. Thirty-eight healthy volunteers were randomized into either the control (C) group or the NAC group, which received 600mg NAC PO dissolved in a glass of orange juice, 60min before breathing 15L/min of 100% normobaric oxygen. Orange juice was administered to both groups. Blood samples for EPO measurement were taken at T0, before the orange juice administration, and T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, 8, 24, 32 and 48h after the orange juice. The EPO concentrations of the NAC group decreased significantly at T1, followed by a significant increase compared to baseline, which was obvious until T4. The EPO concentrations of the C group did not show any significant variations. In this study, a significant increase of EPO production was observed after a short-term hyperoxic stimulus only when preceded with the administration of a single dose of NAC.

Creating Links: An Inclusive Faculty Development Initiative

There's so little contact between part and full-time faculty. I don't even think they know you're alive. You just go in, you do what you do and you go home. If nobody complains about you, I guess they figure you're doing ok ... I went to one workshop ... and I was glad to be there and I was glad to meet some of the people that I only know by their signature on something. That was fine. But you know, I had to go pay my own parking. I had to give up 4 hours' of my time and 2 hours of traveling for an adjunct. We live on hourly wages. It was good, but I just laugh. Giving me a glass of orange juice and a sticky bun does not constitute payment for 6 hours of my life (Johnson, 2007, p. 174). The above quote is from a 40-year adjunct who teaches for several schools. She refers to herself as a R-O-A-D-S Scholar (Johnson, 2007, p. 174). The American Association of University Professors reports that 48% of all faculty in 2005 were part-timers. This number has increased steadily since 1975, when part-time faculty accounted for 30% (American Association of University Professors). Gappa (2000) states many part-time instructors feel anger and frustration over what they perceive as their second-class status (p. 77). These faculty members often feel invisible due to the lack of inclusion they experience in campus or departmental decisions. In addition to the increase in adjunct or part-time instructors, Fletcher and Patrick (1998) explain that higher education in the United States is going through some of the most dramatic changes in its history. Reasons for these significant changes include social, economic, and political factors which involve external forces, such as technology, public skepticism and the call for increased accountability, along with decreased financial support. These issues have impacted the role of faculty. As institutions are scrutinized because of greater-than-inflation tuition increases, they need to demonstrate willingness to improve teaching effectiveness of their faculty (Dotolo, 1999). While this should include both full-time and part-time faculty members, it often does not. The role of the instructor is often more significant in adult programs compared to traditional programs. Studies have demonstrated that traditional students learn significantly from participation in the college environment outside the classroom. In contrast, the classroom is central to the learning in adult students' experience. Adult students attribute the relationships they develop with faculty members and their in-class learning experiences as more meaningful to them than for their traditional-age peers (Imel, 2001). Additionally, research on adults' perceptions of exemplary collegiate instruction suggests that the social aspects of instruction (i.e., development of a community of learners within classes and having a respectful and caring instructor) are critical factors for adult students. A number of researchers have offered evidence that for adults, the classroom is the center stage for their learning (Graham, Donaldson, Kasworm, & Dirkx, 2000). This article focuses on a recently-developed faculty development initiative created to address the needs of a group of adjunct instructors. The goals of the program included informing the adjunct faculty on departmental issues as well as connecting them to the department and the institution in a meaningful way. An inclusive and welcoming environment for all faculty, regardless of part-time or full-time status, is desired. In addition, there is an opportunity available for professional growth for the adjunct instructors. Background Information A private university in the Midwest serves a large number of adult learners at the undergraduate and graduate levels. They hold classes at various locations, including several campuses, corporations, and community colleges. Many of the academic departments employ a large number of adjunct instructors. …

Plasma concentrations of the flavonoids hesperetin, naringenin and quercetin in human subjects following their habitual diets, and diets high or low in fruit and vegetables

To determine the fasting plasma concentrations of quercetin, hesperetin and naringenin in human subjects consuming their habitual diets, and diets either high or low in fruit and vegetables. To investigate whether plasma concentrations of flavanones can serve as biomarkers of their intake. This was a cross-over, strictly controlled dietary intervention consisting of a 2 week baseline period, and two 5 week dietary periods with a 3 week wash-out period in between. The low-vegetable diet contained few fruit and vegetables and no citrus fruit. The high-vegetable diet provided various fruits and vegetables daily including on average one glass of orange juice, one-half orange and one-half mandarin. Thirty-seven healthy females. The high-vegetable diet provided 132 mg of hesperetin and 29 mg of naringenin. The low-vegetable diet contained no flavanones. The mean plasma hesperetin concentration increased from 12.2 nmol/l after the low-vegetable diet to 325 nmol/l after the high-vegetable diet. The respective increase for naringenin was from <73.5 nmol/l for all subjects to a mean value of 112.9 nmol/l. The mean plasma quercetin concentration was 52 nmol/l after the baseline period, during which habitual diets were consumed, and it did not change significantly during the intervention. Interindividual variation in the plasma levels of hesperetin and naringenin was marked and, after the baseline and wash-out periods, and the low-vegetable diet, a majority of the samples had plasma flavanone levels below the limit of detection. After the high-vegetable diet, hesperetin and naringenin were detectable in 54 and 22% of all samples. Quercetin was detectable in nearly all samples after all study periods. Hesperetin, naringenin and quercetin are bioavailable from the diet, but the plasma concentrations of hesperetin and naringenin are poor biomarkers of intake.

67-Year-Old Woman With Recurrent Hypoglycemia

67-Year-Old Woman With Recurrent Hypoglycemia

The polyphenolic content of fruit and vegetables and their antioxidant activities. What does a serving constitute?

Analysis of the major flavone, flavonol, anthocyanidin and hydroxycinnamic acid constituents (and their glycosides) of onion, tomato, egg plant and apple has been undertaken and the antioxidant activities of the phenolic extracts determined. The major phenolic antioxidant components of egg plant are chlorogenic acid in the flesh and a delphinidin conjugate in the skin. In the case of apple, the major phenolic antioxidants detected are chlorogenic acid, procyanidins/catechin compounds, rutin and phloridzin. Quercetin glycosides are well-known to be the major phenolic components of onion. Assessment of the antioxidant activities of a serving of 100 g fresh weight fruit, vegetable and comparison with previously reported findings for 150 ml beverage (500 ml portion in the case of beer), expressed in μmol Trolox equivalents show that the antioxidant activities of 1 glass (150 ml) red wine ≡ 12 glasses white wine ≡ 2 cups of tea ≡ 4 apples ≡ 5 portions of onion ≡ 5.5 portions egg plant ≡ 3.5 glasses of blackcurrant juice ≡ 3.5 (500 ml) glasses of beer ≡ 7 glasses of orange juice ≡ 20 glasses of apple juice (long life).

On the Role of Mathematics in Explaining the Material World: Mental Models for Proportional Reasoning

Contemporary psychological research that studies how people apply mathematics has largely viewed mathematics as a computational tool for deriving an answer. The tacit assumption has been that people first understand a situation, and then choose which computations to apply. We examine an alternative assumption that mathematics can also serve as a tool that helps one to construct an understanding of a situation in the first place. Three studies were conducted with 6th‐grade children in the context of proportional situations because early proportional reasoning is a premier example of where mathematics may provide new understanding of the world. The children predicted whether two differently‐sized glasses of orange juice would taste the same when they were filled from a single carton of juice made from concentrate and water. To examine the relative contributions and interactions of situational and mathematical knowledge, we manipulated the formal features of the problem display (e.g., diagram vs. photograph) and the numerical complexity (e.g., divisibility) of the containers and the ingredient ratios. When the problem was presented as a diagram with complex numbers, or “realistically” with easy numbers, the children predicted the glasses would taste different because one glass had more juice than the other. But, when the problem was presented realistically with complex numbers, the children predicted the glasses would taste the same on the basis of empirical knowledge (e.g., “Juice can't change by itself”). And finally, when the problem was presented as a diagram with easy numbers, the children predicted the glasses would taste the same on the basis of proportional relations. These complex interactions illuminate how mathematical and empirical knowledge can jointly constrain the construction of a new understanding of the world. We propose that mathematics helped in the case of successful proportional reasoning because it made a complex empirical situation cognitively tractable, and thereby helped the children construct mental models of that situation. We sketch one aspect of the mental models that are constructed in the domain of quantity—a preference for specificity—that helps explain the current findings.

Mode of Action of Cholesterol-Lowering Agents

The implication of hypercholesteremia in atherogenesis has stimulated a continued search for cholesterol-lowering agents within the last decades. In addition to various dietary regimens ranging from a glass of orange juice to special formula diets, a great number of drugs ranging from household remedy aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) to new sophisticated compounds have been reported to possess hypocholesteremic activity. Their efficacy, side-effects, and clinical usefulness will be discussed elsewhere. 1 The present review is confined to the mode of action of unsaturated fats, sitosterol, nicotinic acid, thyroid hormones and analogues, and triparanol. They are selected for discussion because they have been extensively studied clinically and with respect to their mode of action. Since, as will be delineated, these agents act at different sites of the metabolic pathways of cholesterol, several avenues are thus opened for further investigation of cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis. Unsaturated Fats It has long been known that the

Pre- and postoperative medication

T HIS paper deals principally with patients who are hospitalized, but, as far as possible, we will also discuss medication as it relates to office practice. At the Boston City Hospital, a patient, when admitted for operation, is administered 11/z to 3 grains of nembutal the evening before the operation to assure a night’s rest. This is given with a glass of orange juice. Upon awakening in the morning, the patient may be given another 11/2 grains of nembutal. Morphine sulfate, grains 1h t,o lh with 1$$;,o grains of atropine sulfate, is given one hour before the operation. The morphine reduces the time taken for induction of anesthesia and the amount of anesthesia required, and places the patient, with the previous sedative, in a more receptive mood for the induction of anesthesia. The atropine tends to diminish the salivary and mucous flow. In office practice, I dispense with the use of strong hypnotics, for I prefer to have the patient face a general anesthesia in as near a normal condition as possible ; for, if toxic symptoms arise, such as collapse, or respiratory failure, I believe that they may be more effectively controlled by stimulants and other measures than is possible if the patient has been previously depressed by hypnotic drugs. However, if you feel that some sedation is necessary, I suggest triple bromide, aspirin, empirin compound, or some such mild sedative.

The effect of orange juice on gastric acidity

1. We have shown that a test meal of orange juice stimulates a high free gastric acidity which reaches its acme one hour following ingestion. 2. We have shown that orange juice remains in the stomach on an average of one hour and forty-five minutes following its ingestion. 3. We do not yet know what would happen to gastric acidity if an ordinary small glass of orange juice were taken once a day in addition to an ordinary breakfast. 4. We do not know yet how important it is to withhold orange juice in ordinary portions in the treatment of patients with ulcer.