GIT Disorders Research Articles

A mini Review on Phyto-chemical and Pharmacological Activities on Ocimum kilimandscharicum gurke

This review paper involves Ethanomedicinal uses and pharmacological survey of Ocimum kilimandscharicum gurke and belonging to family Lamiaceae. The plant has been used traditionally in African countries as a mosquito repellent and Git disorders. In Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda) O. kilimandscharicum (also known as Kapur Tulsi) been used as an Anti-inflammatory, Indigestion, Mosquito repellent and Aromatic purpose. One of the well-known representatives of this Genus O. kilimandscharicum is a native of Kenya and distributed in East Africa. It is widely distributed in different parts of the world and long history traditional medicinal uses. The primary phytoconstituents of O. kilimandscharicum’s essential oil includes camphor. Various oxygenated Monoterpenes have been reported in hydro-distilled essential oil of this plant aerial parts. Other important compounds found to be Terpenoids or phenyl propane derivatives including alpha-pinene, linolool, limonene, camphene, beta pinene,1,8-cineole, caryophylene,4-terpineol which have been responsible for various Pharmacological activities (insecticidal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, wound healing, anti-melanoma, radio protective, anti-inflammatory activity) etc. The plant is a rich source of phytochemical compounds, bioactive phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides etc.

Curcumin’s therapeutic story: Facts findings in the light of clinical studies

Curcumin, a bright yellow phytochemical derived from Curcuma longa L., has been extensively studied for its health-promoting, disease-preventing, and treatment properties, and has been gaining popularity among medical researchers since its extraction. Unani and Ayurvedic medicine use it to treat a variety of conditions, including hepatic, lung, skin, and GIT disorders. It has diverse biological effects, including antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective properties, make it a promising lead compound for the development of new derivatives to treat diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Despite its low cost, extensive potency, and its multitargeted approach of pathways, available data on its efficacy in multiple studies is still questioning, and more studies are required for this potential gap. Clinical trials assessing its biological effects revealed significant disproportionality however this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent clinical studies of curcumin, and summarizes its efficacy, biological properties, therapeutic potential, and safety. Moreover, this review provides a more special focus on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties.

PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY OF SNUHI KSHEER PURIFICATION(EUPHORBIA NERIFOLIA LINN.)-A RESEARCH ARTICLE

Snuhi is an Upavisha which is used in many diseases. The latex of the plant is poisonous, so it has to be purified before using in any formulation. As per the classics, Shodhan of Snuhi Ksheer is performed by Chincha Patra Swaras (Tamarind leaf juice). Snuhi Ksheer is used in making Kshar Sutra, as well as it is used in many sys-temic GIT disorders, skin diseases etc. Sap from the Snuhi plant contains polycyclic diterpene esters, which give it a highly caustic and irritating quality that burns the skin and eyes. Snuhi Ksheer (SK) is applied topically and topically to treat a variety of ailments. Despite Snuhi's potential for medicinal benefits, its toxic nature discour-ages use. In Rasatarangini chapter 24, the author mentioned that purification of Snuhi Ksheer is compulsory, when it is therapeutically used. So, the present study is done on the purification of Snuhi Ksheer. It was collect-ed, taking precautions and then purified with Chincha Patra Swaras . Organoleptic and physicochemical analy-sis of both Shodhit and Ashodhit Snuhi Ksheer was performed. The result shows changes in various parameters after purification, concluding that purification by Chincha Patra Swaras alters the poisonous nature of Snuhi Ksheer and makes it safe to use.

An Overview of the Pharmacological Potential of Curcuma longa

Background: Various ayurvedic drugs have been widely explored for their therapeutic potencies since ancient times. One of the most significant medicinal plants is Curcuma longa, which is one of the different crude medications. It has a variety of beneficial pharmacological characteristics and has been a staple of Indian cooking for centuries. It exhibits antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, renal, and hepatoprotective activities. This review is an attempt to explore the various pharmacological properties of curcumin. Methods: This article presents a summary of the methodology available to study the pharmacological potential, chemical makeup, and organoleptic aspects of Curcuma longa (haldi). Results: For its therapeutic properties in Indian material medicine, Curcuma longa is welldocumented. The plant belongs to the genus Curcuma longa. The Zingiberaceae family includes Curcuma longa. Curcuma longa is widely used in cosmetics. It is considered the best anthelmintic property for GIT disorders. In many research papers, curcumin is the best anti-inflammatory agent. Curcumin is known for its synergistic effect against an anticancer agent. The usefulness of Curcuma longa as a preventative and curative measure is well established worldwide. Conclusion: At general, researchers must consider the experience, cost, and availability of the multidisciplinary research team, as well as the measures implemented in the institutions, in order to comprehend the benefits and drawbacks of each assessment method.

EFFICACY OF VIRECHANA IN AMLAPITTA (GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE): A SINGLE CASE STUDY

Amlapitta is very common disease encountered in present population. Due to lifestyle changes and changes in food habits people are mainly suffering from GIT disorders. Agniwhich is considered as root cause of all diseases is vitiate in Amlapittaleading to Mandagni (mildness of gastric fire) and food remains in Amashaya (abdomen) inShukta Avastha due to improper digestion. Its symptoms include heart burn, acid eructation, sour taste in the mouth, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Conventional medical knowledge states that H. pylori infections, prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy, and infections are the most common causes of GERD. In AyurvedShodhanChikita is the best way to treat the root cause of disease by eliminating toxic substances from body. Amlapitta is Pitta Dosha Pradhan disease and VirechanaKarma is best for Pitta vitiate disorder. This article is case study of 32 Yr. male patient with sign and symptoms of Amlapitta registered from the O.P.D, P.G. Department of Kayachikitsa, Gurukul Campus, Haridwar.

A Brief Review on Medicinal and Edible Aspects of Ziziphus nummularia

Abstract: Ziziphus genus, as traditional medicine, plays a major role in treating many different diseases, such as pain, fever, diabetes, inflammation, and GIT disorders. Ziziphus is widely found in tropical regions. In humans, Ziziphus species are generally safe, as well as non-toxic. Ziziphus nummularia is native to Western India’s Thar Desert, South-Eastern Pakistan, as well as the Southern Iran region. The plant has tremendous medicinal potential. It is also used in traditional as well as folklore systems of medicine.

Standardization of Phala Varthi an Ayurvedic Rectal Suppository

Suppositories are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities or orifices, where they melt or dissolved to exert either local or systemic effect. Phalavarti is an Ayurvedic way of application of suppositories in rectal ailments as discussed in Samhitas. Phalavarthi is one of VatiKalpana, It is a simple homemade medicament which can be prepared with easily available ingredients, It can be used in various types of GIT disorders like Udavarta, Anaha, Adhmana, Arsas, Gulma, Udara, Vibanda, which are some of the very common problems faced by general population due to irregular dietary habits and sedentary life style leading to Mandagni. The impaired digestion is main cause for various types of systemic and metabolic disorders. In such conditions Vatanulomana is main line of management. Apart from above specified conditions, Phalavarthi preparations can also be used in Panchakarma ayoga conditions like Virechana, Niruha, Anuvasana and Uttara vasthi. Despite the fact that various types of Phalavarthi preparations have been mentioned in Ayurveda texts, they are not in regular use due to less attention and focus received on this subject. There fore the present scientific study has been taken up to overcome the practical difficulties in both preparation and application of Phala vartis with a scientific approach. Phalavarthi is a very unique concept which is far superior to modern concept of rectal suppositories, it can be administered to children, old persons and all those who cannot swallow drugs easily. Hence keeping this advantage in mind, an attempt has been made to prepare and administer Phalavarthi in GIT disorders following the guidelines of Acharya Charaka and also keeping in view of modern principles of preparation of suppositories.

PANCHAGAVYA IN HUMAN LIFE AND HEALTH: A REVIEW

Gomutra (cow ghee), gomaya (cow dung), ksheera (cow milk), dadhi (cow curd) and sarpi (cow ghee) cumulatively known as Panchagavya. In India, the cow is worshipped as mother and commonly known as ‘Gaumata’. The ratio of ksheera, dadhi, ghrita, gomutra and gomaya is 16:10:8:2:1 according to Shastra yoga, and in Rastargini, it is 1:1:1:1:1 in panchagavya. panchagavya holds traditional as well as ritual values in human life. Each component of panchagavya also has medicinal properties individually. To assess the role of panchagavya and its therapeutic benefits in our day-to-day life and health and to untapped hidden areas mentioned about panchagavya in Ayurveda. Different Ayurvedic classical textbooks, research papers and journals were referred to. After a review of many Ayurvedic literatures and other data sources, the importance of panchagavya was seen. In Ayurveda, panchagavya has a great role in GIT and skin disorders. Panchagavya is also used in havan karma, which also purifies the environment and devotees. Panchagavya products serve irreplaceable medicinal importance in Ayurveda. It is also used in traditional Hindu rituals. During a pandemic, the importance of panchagavya was noticeable. In Ayurveda, there are many Ayurvedic formulations where gomutra and sarpi are used. For example, gomutra is used as bhavana dravya in Sanjeevani vati.

Attenuation of CFA-induced chronic inflammation by a bicyclic monoterpene fenchone targeting inducible nitric oxide, prostaglandins, C-reactive protein and urea.

Fenchone (a bicyclic monoterpene) is present in the essential oils of plant species like Foeniculum vulgare and Peumus boldus and is used to treat GIT disorders. Research reports have indicated its strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-nociceptive properties. The present study was designed to investigate fenchone's anti-arthritic effects in a rat model of chronic joint inflammation (Complete Freud's Adjuvant-mediated inflammation [CFA]). Molecular docking analysis revealed a high binding interaction of fenchone with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Interleukin-17, Prostaglandin E Receptor EP4, and Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), indicating its anti-inflammatory efficacy using computational tests. Fenchone treatment at 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg significantly enhanced the tail-flick latency when compared with the solvent-treated group. Correspondingly, the raised mRNA values of iNOS, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 in solvent-treated group were significantly reduced following treatment with fenchone. Moreover, fenchone significantly lowered spleen and thymus indices, Nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 values as compared to solvent-treated group. Hence, the results of the present study indicated that fenchone has a potent anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting pro-inflammatory markers and thus may have therapeutic potential for chronic joint inflammation as well as chronic inflammatory disorders.

A Gentle Cure with Homoeopathy Through Individualisation, Anal Fissure: A Review & An Acute Case Report

In this modern era, life style diseases are commonly encountered in daily clinical practice. Sedentary life styles, lack of proper exercise, low intake of dietary fibre and water, stress and emotional factors, all these causes make a person prone to different varieties of gastrointestinal disorders. Constipation, haemorrhoids, Fissures, bleeding per rectum are most common lower GIT disorders that are seen in our daily OPDS. This article reviews the most common anorectal disorder, anal fissure. Even though anal fissure is not a major life-threatening disease, the unbearable pain in anus, because of which patient presents himself to the doctor for consultation, advice and treatment. Homoeopathy offers the safe, rigour, effective and permanent treatment, for such cases, and prevents recurrence. The patient explains different types of pain sensations which are to be given high importance in homoeopathy for selection of similimum. Keywords: Homoeopathy, Anal Fissure, Lac Defloratum, Peculiar sensation, Individualisation

Fabrication and Evaluation of Amoxicillin and Potassium Clavulanate Medicated Chocolate

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a formulation of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate in chocolate form. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the beta-lactam family. By binding to penicillin-binding proteins, beta-lactams stimulate autolytic enzymes in the bacterial cell wall, which in turn inhibits transpeptidation (the cross-linking stage in cell wall production). The streptomyces-derived, semi-synthetic beta-lactamase inhibitor potassium clavulanate. Multiple bacterial infections may be treated well with the antibiotic combination of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate acid. It prevents germs from multiplying. Chocolate refers to a family of sweets made by combining cocoa (cacao), cocoa butter, and sugar in various proportions to form a solid. For improved patient compliance, the medicated chocolate formulation is often utilized for pediatric administration. The traditional chocolate formulation, which includes cocoa powder, moisture content, and blooming tests, is inferior to the one that incorporates carob powder, which lowers gastrointestinal troubles. The whole medication from the F4 formulation is released within 60 minutes, leading to a wide range of GIT disorders such heartburn and acid reflux. The formulation is stable throughout chocolate formulation manufacturing, with no drug excipient interactions and no drug degradation detected. The dimensions of the finished product are 28.5mm in length, 18mm in width, and 14mm in height. Batch F4 is the finest of all batches.

Water Purifications Methods in Ayurveda and Contemporary Methods

Abstract: Water is the essential source on the earth for living organism and plants. Water cover over 70% of the earth surface and is very important for the people as it is essential requirement of human life. It is an inorganic, tasteless, odourless and colourless substance but still half of world specially developing countries are far from the goal to full fill the daily pure water requirement of Lack of pure drinking water, sanitation and hygiene result in the loss of 0.4 million lives annually in India. According to WHO 80% of the diseases are water born and even can cause epidemics. As per WHO world water day report approximate 3.4 million people mostly children die from water related diseases. The chief water borne infection and diseases are bacterial, viral & parasitic diseases like typhoid, cholera, encephalitic, poliomyelitis, hepatitis, skin infection& GIT disorders through polluted water.

Microbial Degradation of Water Pipelines and Effects of Polluted Water on Human Health

The degradation of water supplies is linked with poor anthropogenic activities. This study determines that contamination of water supply occurs because of destabilization of pipe material and deposits in the water distribution system due to physiochemical and microbiological processes that have developed over decades and cause health issues (Hepatitis C, and GIT disorders) which result in the death rate of 3.4 million people over the globe. This study was conducted in Gujrat, Pakistan and the primary source of data collection was a survey questionnaire while secondary sources involved a comprehensive literature review. ANOVA test, Correlation, and reliability analysis were applied to test the variables. The results of this study revealed that contaminated water supplies, oxyhydroxide products of corrosion, the mixture of sewage, and industrial effluents were significantly associated with the contamination of water supplies. The findings of this study also explore the contamination of household store water (HSW), contaminated water supplies, and the mixture of sewage, and industrial effluents that were responsible for water contamination, whereas; the condition of underground water supply pipelines was very worse. The use of upgraded water supply systems and water purification technologies is a common global practice that would be useful to reduce water supply contamination. The findings of this study will contribute to the literature on water supply contamination, the framework of water quality parameters, and low-cost adaptable water treatment techniques.

Importance of Mind in Etiology and Management of Gastrointestinal Disorder

Ayurveda provides an integrated approach to preventing and treating illness through lifestyle interventions and natural therapies. Nowadays, we all know that stress, anxiety, depression, shows both short and long term effects on the functions of the GIT tracts. Importance of mind in etiology and management of GIT diseases as the gut-brain connection, it can link anxiety to stomach problem and vice versa. Exposure to stress, anxiety, insomnia, depression results in alteration of the brain-gut interactions and ultimately leading to the development of a broad array of GIT disorders including, irritable bowel syndrome and other functional GIT disease. The major effects of stress on gut, alteration in gastrointestinal motility, increase visceral perception, change in gastrointestinal secretions and mast cells are important factors of brain gut-axis that translate the stress signal to release of a wide range of neurotransmitters and pro-inflammatory cytokinins, which may profoundly affect the GIT physiology. We might expect that some patients with GIT conditions might improve with therapy to reduce stress, treat anxiety or depression. The gut brain-axis refers to the physical and chemical connections between gut and brain, mind body therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy, meditation, Yoga, lifestyle, food, behavioral changes are the best management of GIT disorders.

2‐Chloro‐5‐(1‐hydroxy‐3‐oxoisoindolin‐1‐yl)benzenesulfonamides as potential inhibitors of urease: Synthesis, in‐vitro and molecular modeling approach

AbstractThe present work is focused on the identification of 2‐chloro‐5‐(1‐hydroxy‐3‐oxoisoindolin‐1‐yl) benzenesulfonamides (5a–5k) Schiff bases as potent urease inhibitors. The rationale behind the urease activity was to introduce lead candidate for the treatment of GIT disorders including gastric and peptic ulcer and hepatic encephalopathy. The synthesized compounds exhibited excellent anti‐urease activity which was further supported by in‐silico investigations. Therefore, it can be suggested that these derivatives can be considered as a potential lead in future for synthesis of potent inhibitors.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NAVAYASA CHURNA AND NISHA LAUHA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PANDU W.S.R. TO IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA (IDA)

Background: Iron deficiency Anaemia is one of the most common nutritional disorder world-wide, especially in India and other developing countries. In Ayurveda, Pandu is considered as a specific disease with its own Pathogenesis and treatment. In modern medicine, there is good treatment for Anaemia with considerable result but that is only for acute deficiencies Anaemias. No significant therapy is there for Chronic Anaemias which occur due to metabolic defects. Navayasachurna and Nisha Lauha both are herbomineralformulations which are effective in GIT disorders and chronic anemias. Materials& Methods: Total 80 Patients were registered of Iron Deficiency Anaemia. 15 patients were left the treatment before completion of therapy. Navayasachurna tablets were given in 33 patients of Group A and Nisha Lauha tablets were given in 32 patients of Group B. Result: Statistically highly significant result was foundinNavayasachurna Group A. Its also improved Hb, S. Iron and S. Ferritin level. So, it is suggested that Navayasachurna is helpful to improve appetite, digestion, clear the obstruction in channels, relieves constipation and increase Rasa- Rakta dhatu and improves Hb level. 21.21 % moderate improvement and 39.39% mild improvement was found in group A. Conclusion:Navayasachurna provided better improvement in Iron Deficiency Anaemia than Nisha Lauha.

Analytical review on influence of Krodha (Anger) on Agni - A Contemporary study

Agni is the supreme entity residing in the living being responsible for digestion of Ahar dravya, Jatharagni is the principle Agni among all categories of Agni, it should be suitability maintained. Ayurveda suggests that there are number of factors like Krodha, Shoka, Chinta, Bhaya etc. Manas bhava affects the normal function of Agni apart from Doshik influence. In Ayurveda Ati, Heen and Mithya yoga of Asatmendriyasamyoga, Pradnyaparadha and Parinama are the main etiological factors for anger. Objective: This study attempts to understand effect of Krodha on Agni with supportive classical and contemporary view. Data source: The literary study has been conducted through various ancient text like- Charak samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Astang Hridayam and other Ayurveda texts. Various websites were also referred in this context. Discussion and Result: Pitta-Vata Vriddhi occurring on Krodha can be co-related to activation of sympathetic Nervous system. Agni dushti and Saman Vayu dushti that occurs in Krodha, can be understood as disturbance in enzymatic activities and motility of GIT. So, Krodha is the reason for impaired digestion of food and generation of different GIT disorders. Conclusion: This analytical study suggests that there is direct relationship of status of Manas (mind) and Agni (digestive fire).

Awareness and Utilization of Unani Medicine among the Adult Population from East Delhi: A cross Sectional Survey.

To assess the awareness, practice, and utilization pattern of Unani medicine among the general population of Trilokpuri, East Delhi. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive survey was conducted in New Delhi using pretested, predesigned, and structured questionnaire to assess the awareness and utilization pattern of Unani medicine on a sample size of 100 subjects. Out of 100 subjects, 60% were males and 40% were females with mean age 38.96 ± 9.12 years, ranged between 18 and 65 years. The awareness about Unani medicine was found in 67% of adopted population, while 57% population among them preferred Unani system of medicine as a mode of treatment. Unani is preferred because of minimal side effects associated as reported by 47% users. On the other hand, among nonuser (n = 29), 48% population do not prefer Unani medicine because of its slow action. Very few (2.6%) users adopted Unani medicine exclusively, while most of them preferred Unani as an adjuvant with allopathic. Unani medicine is preferred mainly for the management of musculoskeletal disorders (35%), followed by GIT disorders (19%) and their related disorders. The awareness level regarding Unani medicine is good rather utilization of is relatively lower as compared to modern system of medicine. There is a need and scope for promotion of health education as well as improvement in the people's attitude towards Unani system of medicine.

A case study: An ayurvedic management of Urdhwaga Amlapitta with special reference to hyperacidity

Vitiation of Agni in Amashaya (stomach) region due to various reasons causes Amlapitta. Some of the common Pitta vitiating factors are fasting, eating between meals, worry, hurry, spicy foods etc. These factors derange the Pachaka Pitta (digestive enzymes etc.) and as a result Pachaka pitta vitiates. Thus developed condition is called Amlapitta. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) when not utilized well, or when produced in large quantity in the stomach region causes inflammation of stomach (gastric = related to stomach), that is called gastritis. This can derange the digestive procedures. The increased or normal level of HCl can destroy the soft tissue (epithelium) lining of esophagus, stomach, duodenum etc. If not managed on time this can give rise to ulceration (breech in tissue).Usually the esophageal sphincter muscle contracts thus preventing the stomach acid from shooting up into the esophagus, but if this muscle are not functioning properly, the acid can slip past it and this is when heartburn symptoms start, which is called Gastroesophageal reflux. Due to lifestyle changes and changes in food habits people are mainly suffering from GIT disorders. Amlapitta among them is a most commonly seen disease. This article is a case study of a 40 years male patient with signs & symptoms of Urdhwaga Amlapitta. Patient was treated with ayurvedic medicine and principles of Ayurveda according to Rogavastha and Doshavastha. This case study shows potential of ayurveda and it proves ayurveda has evidence based treatment. In this case study patient of Urdhwaga Amlapitta was treated with Shamana Aushadhi according to his Prakruti, Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. Rapid but steady improvement in patient’s complaints.

Expression of NF-κB mRNA in Helicobacter pylori Positive Iraqi Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Colorectal Cancer

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are caused by a combination of variables, including environmental, host-related, and nutritional factors. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an environmental risk factor for many GIT disorders and is designated as a class I carcinogen. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of H. pylori in Iraqi patients diagnosed with IBD and CRC and the expression of NF-κB mRNA in those patients. Methods: Patients with GIT symptoms were tested for the existence of IBD and CRC in a cross-sectional observational study. In biopsies taken from GIT lesions, biochemical and histochemical approaches are employed to determine the presence of H. pylori and the expression of NF-κB mRNA. Results: H. pylori tests were positive in 33.3% of CRC patients, although this was not statistically significant compared to those who had negative testing. Only 63.3% of IBD patients had H. pylori infection. In the CRC group, 53.3% of patients had negative NF-κB expression, whereas all of the patients in the IBD group had a negative test. Conclusion: Patients with CRC had a high prevalence of H. pylori, whereas IBD patients had a low frequency. Patients with CRC had high levels of NF-κB mRNA expression, whereas patients with IBS had none.