Geoelectric Research Articles

Overview of the Potential and Utilization of Geothermal Energy on Flores Island

Geothermal energy on Flores Island is a suitable subject for a contextual approach in physics studies. Research activities, exploration, and the practical application of geothermal energy rely on fundamental physical concepts and principles. Flores Island and the surrounding archipelago are endowed with significant geothermal potential. Consequently, this research endeavor, aimed at assessing the potential and utilization of geothermal energy on Flores Island, serves as an excellent resource for contextual physics learning, particularly in the context of Flores Island. This research uses a literature study approach by reviewing related literature to obtain information about the research object. Flores Island and its neighboring island groups host 24 volcanoes. Specifically, Flores Island boasts 20 locations with geothermal potential, with resources capable of generating up to 739.5 MWe. Notably, by 2023, three Geothermal Power Plants (PLTP) will be operational on Flores Island, including Ulumbu PLTP, Mataloko PLTP, and Sokoria PLTP. These developments have positioned Flores as the first island in Indonesia to surpass the Renewable Energy mix target of 25.38%.

A novel geothermal-PV led energy system analysis on the case of the central American countries Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica

Transitioning to renewables for all purposes in Central America is imperative to mitigating climate change and the impact of COVID-19, reducing fossil fuel imports and enhancing energy security. Research on integrating high shares of renewable energy in the region is still lacking. However, the variability of renewable energy is often raised as a concern. In this context, we present a novel solar PV-geothermal led energy system analysis for the case of Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica, using the LUT Energy System Transition Model for detailed pathway analyses linked to state-of-the-art resource data. This study contributes to the value of hybrid solutions based on geothermal energy and solar PV as the centerpiece of overall supply applied to the energy transition discussion in these countries, which requires further research in countries or regions with similar climatic and resource conditions. We find that complementarity between solar PV and geothermal could be cost-competitive with improved system stability, where the need for battery storage decreases thanks to dispatchable geothermal power. The results illustrate the advantage of a fully renewable energy system, sector coupling, and high electrification rates as the most cost-efficient pathway by 2050. A new perspective is provided and is relevant for energy planners and policymakers in the region and globally.

Penyelesaian Sengketa Penolakan Proyek PLTP Bedugul Melalui Gugatan Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum Oleh Badan Dan/Atau Pejabat Pemerintahan (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad)

During the implementation of the Bedugul Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) project, Bali received protests from the Balinese people which has caused the project to be neglected until now. In addition to the rejection from the Balinese people, the Government of Bali also refused to continue the Bedugul PLTP geothermal project, where the refusal was stated in the juridical provisions of the Governor of Bali's Rejection Letter Number 660.1/1497/Bid.1/Bapedalda dated 17 October 2005 addressed to the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Mineral Resources and Bali Governor Regulation No. 45 of 2019 concerning Bali Clean Energy which emphasizes that PLTP construction cannot be carried out in the Bedugul sacred area and indirectly this has hampered geothermal permits in the Bedugul working area. The approach method used in this legal research is a normative juridical approach, research that is based on existing legal principles and also looks at the facts that occur. The results of this research reveal that the case of rejection of the Bedugul PLTP project by the Bali Regional Government can be resolved through a lawsuit regarding unlawful act by government agencies and/or officials (onrechmatige overheidsdaad) with regard to the requirements for submitting administrative procedure at first as stated in Article 75 paragraph (1) of the Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration.

Gender, Geothermal Energy, and Environment: The Impact of Baturraden Geothermal Power Plant Exploration on Women and Environment in Banyumas, Indonesia

Geothermal energy is considered as renewable energy and environmentally friendly. However, during the exploration process, a Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) commonly leaves various environmental problems, such as destroyed conservation areas, floods, landslides, and reduced clean water sources. The impact of the Baturraden Geothermal Power Plant exploration also has resulted in water pollution of the Mengaji and Prukut rivers, which eventually could no longer be used as clean water sources for people’s daily lives, especially women. This PLTP Baturraden case study aimed to observe the relationship between environment, gender, and geothermal energy, especially the impact of geothermal power plant exploration. This research used a qualitative method by collecting primary data through interviews and secondary data through literature studies. This study showed that PLTP Baturraden exploration had negative impacts in 2017-2018 water pollution of Prukut River as a clean water source and directly affected women in Panembangan, Cilongok. Using a gender analysis, environmental destruction is analyzed through three things, namely formal and informal constraints, division of labor, and access to resources which have a worsening impact on women.

Characteristics of geothermal power generation facilities and their location environment in Japan

Characteristics of geothermal power generation facilities and their location environment in Japan

Evolution, Hotspots and Trend of Global Geothermal Energy Research

The exploitation of geothermal energy plays an important role in meeting human energy demand and reducing greenhouse gas emission. Firstly, using HistCite scientific metrology visualization software and using WoS (Web of Science) database as literature source, the published years and citation time series of the literature on geothermal energy research was analyzed, which shows that the global geothermal energy research has been very active in recent 20 years, it is a high-yield period for the important literature in this field. Starting from the early basic theory of geothermal energy, it has evolved into two relatively obvious research areas: direct utilization of geothermal energy and geothermal power generation, since then it has continued to evolve into a number of sub-domains that blend with each other and have different themes.

Impact of chemical reaction on Eyring–Powell fluid flow over a thin needle with nonlinear thermal radiation

The thin needle is viewed as a revolutionary object since it has a thinner thickness than a boundary layer. As a consequence, scientific and engineering applications for instance electrical equipment, hot wire anemometers and geothermal power generation are significantly impacted by the flow deformed by a thin moving needle. MHD Eyring–Powell fluid flow over a thin needle perceiving heat source, chemical reaction and nonlinear thermal radiation is the subject of the current investigation. In addition, the present study utilizes the Buongiorno model to examine the special effects of the fluid's Brownian and thermophoretic forces. The solution of the dimensionless form of ODEs is produced by applying exact renovations to the given problem, which is determined by the structure of PDEs. The bvp4c algorithm, based on the finite difference approach is utilized to numerically solve such modified ODEs. For validation, the results obtained indicate good agreement when compared to the literature. Finally, a detailed graphical analysis of key parameters is shown and explained while keeping in mind the physical significance of flow parameters. The results show that as magnetic and fluid parameter values improve, the velocity gradient falls. Increasing heat source and radiation parameters optimises heat transfer rate. The augmentation of the Lewis number and chemical reaction accelerates the rate of mass transfer on the surface. Brownian motion and thermophoresis provide enhanced thermal performance for the fluid temperature. Growing the thermophoresis parameter from 0.1 to 0.3 upsurges the Nusselt number by 5.47% and the Sherwood number by 12.26%.

Enhancing English Communication Development: The MOORA Method Approach

In Indian schools, there are numerous hurdles associated with English communication, particularly within the secondary school curriculum. High school education in Indian typically follows a top-down approach when structuring curriculums, which is believed to impact students' communication skills later on during university studies. The communication courses offered at the tertiary level aim to enhance students' proficiency beyond what they learned in secondary school, fostering a gradual progression in their communication abilities. While several studies have delved into these issues, there's limited attention given to understanding the expectations and obstacles faced by both students and teachers. Within engineering education, accreditation methods have been implemented to meet international standards. English classes, specific to engineering majors, supplement the general English courses provided. The program, titled Effective English Communication for Teaching and Research (EECTR), aims to offer English language assistance to all academic staff within the institution. This paper outlines the process of developing and adjusting our initial plans for program delivery, considering various contextual limitations, and applying a theoretical framework that emphasizes reflection within a comprehensive genre-based approach. Our discussion in this paper revolves around unpacking the discourse between the providers and recipients of EECTR. By detailing the development of a contextualized, reflective genre-based approach to staff training, we aim to illustrate that such an approach extends beyond mere structural directives. Instead, it represents pedagogy of possibilities within the context of staff development. The study emphasizes the significance of utilizing installed capacity within a production plant, particularly in evaluating the MOORA score. However, discrepancies arise between expert opinions and data, notably in assessing solar energy and geothermal electricity. While solar energy is renewable, its limitations in accessibility and efficiency diminish its prominence as a primary power source.

Application of Regional Gravity and Magnetic Data in Yambajan and Gudui Geothermal Fields, Tibet

Yambajan geothermal field is the first wet steam field developed in the Chinese mainland. It is also the geothermal power station with the highest elevation in the world. It is rich in geothermal resources and its exploration and development level is relatively high. The Gudui geothermal field is the second largest geothermal display area in Tibet. It is rich in geothermal resources, second only to Yambajan Geothermal field, but its energy construction is relatively backward. In this paper, satellite gravity and aeromagnetic data are used to make a comprehensive comparative analysis of the two regions. The results show that they are both low gravity value areas and weak magnetic, and both of which are located on the fault zone. There is a very obvious relationship between the regional tectonic characteristics and the distribution law of hydrothermal activities, and the tectonic activities provide favorable conditions for the formation of hydrothermal activities. The fault depth in the south of the study area is deeper than that in the north, which is inferred to be caused by plate movement.

The Impact of Literature on Society: How Books Shape Our Perspectives and Values

The impact of literature on society is profound and far-reaching. Through the pages of books, we embark on journeys that not only entertain and educate but also shape our perspectives and values. Literature has the unique ability to transport us to different times, places, and cultures, allowing us to experience the world through the eyes of diverse characters. This experience fosters empathy, as we come to understand the struggles, triumphs, and complexities of individuals from all walks of life. Additionally, literature serves as a reflection of societal norms and values, often challenging and questioning established beliefs. It acts as a mirror, encouraging readers to critically examine their own perspectives and prompting them to consider alternative viewpoints. The power of literature lies in its capacity to inspire change, to ignite conversations, and to ultimately contribute to the collective growth and evolution of society. As we engage with books, we not only enrich our minds but also become active participants in the ongoing narrative of human civilization.The significance of studying the impact of literature on society, specifically how books shape our perspectives and values, cannot be overstated. This research delves into the intricate relationship between literature and societal development, shedding light on the profound influence that books have on individuals and communities. Understanding this dynamic allows us to comprehend how literature serves as a vehicle for cultural exchange, empathy-building, and the dissemination of ideas. Moreover, it provides valuable insights into how authors navigate and challenge prevailing societal norms through their narratives. By examining the evolving role of literature in shaping values and perspectives, we gain a deeper understanding of how it contributes to the intellectual, emotional, and moral development of individuals. This research not only explores the historical impact of literature but also investigates its contemporary relevance in an ever-changing world. Additionally, it holds implications for educators, policymakers, and writers, offering valuable insights into how literature can be harnessed as a tool for positive societal transformation. Ultimately, this research endeavors to contribute to the broader discourse on the role of literature in shaping societies and fostering a deeper understanding of the human experience. The EDAS score primarily based on the space from the suggest agreement machine is the installed energy for a manufacturing plant. Experts' critiques and derived numbers do not trust each different concerning solar energy and geothermal electricity. Although solar strength is a renewable power source, it's miles the desired electricity supply by professionals due to Access and giant availability characterization (2d in Fuzzy AHP space) however numeric Physically damaging electricity due to high set up cost (4th area in EDAS). And low performance Impact of Literature on Society. Relevance, Cultural Enrichment, Empathy Building, and Knowledge Expansion.the Ranking for Impact of Literature on Society. Impact of Literature on Society 5 is got the first rank whereas is the Impact of Literature on Society 4 is having the Lowest rank.

Environmental impact of cogeneration in binary geothermal plants

Environmental impact of cogeneration in binary geothermal plants

A potential for climate benign direct air CO2 capture with CO2-driven geothermal utilization and storage (DACCUS)

To reduce the overaccumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, direct air CO2 capture (DACC) technologies must (a) satisfy the process requirements for heat and electricity with energy that has few if any CO2 emissions, and (b) physically isolate the CO2 from the atmosphere after its extraction from the air. To isolate the CO2 from the atmosphere at meaningful scale, the CO2 will likely need to be geologically stored in deep saline aquifers. Here we propose to leverage geologic CO2 storage (GCS) in sedimentary basin geothermal resources to produce geothermal heat and electricity for the process energy requirements of solid sorbent DACC. This sedimentary basin CO2-driven geothermal utilization (SB-CO2DGU, also known as CO2 Plume Geothermal) circulates some of the emplaced CO2 to extract geothermal heat in a closed loop between the subsurface reservoir and surface geothermal facility. The proposed integration of DACC and CO2-driven geothermal Utilization and Storage (DACCUS) adds CO2 from the air to this closed loop system that produces renewable energy for use in the DACC process. The strategy first primes the GCS reservoir with CO2 from large point sources, and then integrates CO2 from DACC facility to form the DACCUS system. We focus on the process integration of DACCUS and present a case study of its potential deployment and scaling in the Gulf Coast of the United States. We combine data from prior analyses for a novel investigation of two DACCUS configurations: (1) a DACCUS heat system uses the geothermal heat to regenerate the solid sorbent in the DACC process, and (2) a DACCUS heat and power system uses the electricity generated from the produced geothermal heat for the DACC process. In general, deeper CO2 storage reservoirs (>3.5 km) with higher geothermal temperature gradients (>35 °C km−1), may provide sufficient production wellhead temperatures (>100 °C), and satisfy the electric load in 93% of the combinations of reservoir characteristics we examined.

A proposed HAZOP based upgradation model for improvement in existing industrial practices: a geothermal energy industry case study

PurposeThis paper aims to conduct a detailed analysis of the industrial practices currently being used in the geothermal energy industry and to determine whether they are contributing to any limitations. A HAZOP-based upgradation model for improvement in existing industrial practices is proposed to ensure the removal of inefficient conventional practices. The HAZOP-based upgradation model examines the setbacks, identifies its causes and consequences and suggests improvement methods comprising of modern-day technology.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposed a HAZOP-based upgradation model for improvement in existing industrial practices. The proposed HAZOP model identifies the drawbacks brought on by conventional practices and suggests improvements.FindingsThe study reviewed the challenges geothermal power plants currently face due to conventional practices and suggested a total of 22 upgradation recommendations. From those, a total of 11 upgradation modules comprising modern digital technology and Industry 4.0 elements were proposed to improve the existing practices in the geothermal energy industry. Autonomous robots, augmented reality, machine learning and Internet of Things were identified as useful methods for the upgradation of the existing geothermal energy system.Research limitations/implicationsIf proposed recommendations are incorporated, the efficiency of geothermal energy generation will increase as cumulating setbacks will no longer degrade the work output.Practical implicationsThe proposed recommendation by the study will make way for Industry 4.0 integration with the geothermal energy sector.Originality/valueThe paper uses a proposed HAZOP-based upgradation model to review issues in existing industrial practices of the geothermal energy sector and recommends solutions to overcome operability issues using Industry 4.0 technologies.

Harnessing the Earth's Hidden Power: Illuminating the Human Geography Nexus of Geothermal Power in the Western Pacific Countries

Geothermal energy, being a renewable energy source with the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, has garnered significant international attention. In contrast to previous research primarily focused on the geological and natural scientific aspects of geothermal resources, this study adopts a perspective from the humanities and social sciences. The study delves into examining the correlation between geothermal development and human geography in Western Pacific countries: Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Taiwan. These countries, located in geothermally active zones, offer compelling case studies for unraveling this relationship. Four representative factors, namely population density, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), land prices, and transportation, have been selected for analysis. By utilizing geographic information systems (GIS), correlation coefficient formula, and questionnaire surveys (in the case of Taiwan), the research investigates the spatial distribution and conducts quantitative analysis of the correlation. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the understanding of the present condition and trends in geothermal development within Western Pacific countries. It underscores the significance of incorporating local human geographical considerations during the formulation and execution of geothermal energy plans.

Spray Parameters and Coating Microstructure Relationship in Suspension Plasma Spray TiO2 Coatings

In recent years, there has been growing interest in thermal spray techniques using suspension or solution-based coatings. These techniques offer precise control over particle size and microstructure, improving feedstock flowability and allowing for high-quality coating customization. Spray parameters, such as stand-off distance (SOD) and feedstock flow rate, can alter the performance and characteristics of these coatings. Geothermal power plant heat exchangers often face issues like corrosion, scaling, and fouling. The literature suggests that these issues could be mitigated, at least in part, by the use of spray coatings. In this study, TiO2 coatings were applied on a carbon steel substrate using suspension plasma spray (SPS) to enhance the performance of geothermal heat exchanger materials. The impact of SOD (50, 75, and 100 mm) and feedstock flow rate (10, 20, and 30 mL/min) on these coatings was examined through various techniques, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), profilometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and adhesion testing. The results demonstrated that coatings deposited using a 10 mL/min feedstock flow rate were well adhered to the substrate due to the efficient melting of the coating material, but as the SOD and feedstock flow rate increased due to poor thermal and kinetic energy exchange between the torch and feedstock particles, adhesion between the coating and substrate decreased.

Multi-criteria thermoeconomic optimization of a geothermal energy-driven green hydrogen production plant coupled to an alkaline electrolyzer

Among the various technologies for hydrogen production, the renewable energy driven water electrolysis has emerged as a favorable method. In this respect, the present research proposes and analyses a novel and efficient medium-temperature driven geothermal system for green hydrogen production. An alkaline electrolyzer is deployed for hydrogen production which is powered by a double flash steam geothermal power cycle. To boost the power generation (and hence the hydrogen production amount) the double flash cycle is equipped with a self-superheating process, which superheats the saturated vapor at turbine inlet without using another external heat source. Thermodynamic evaluations, based on exergy concept, along with economic analysis are carried out to assess the hydrogen production amount, plant exergy efficiency and total cost rate, and the unit hydrogen price. In order to represent a comprehensive investigation of the plant performance, parametric analyses along with single- and multi-criteria optimizations were conducted. The results revealed that, for 1kg/s of geothermal brine, the capacity of hydrogen production of the proposed plant is ∼1.5−3kg/h under various operating conditions. It is found that, under multi-objective optimum operating conditions, the plant yields 12.63% exergy efficiency and its total cost rate is calculated to be 10.42 $/h. However, if the plant is to be optimized for maximum exergy efficiency, the value of 14.25% is achievable which will result in increment of total cost rate to 11.97 $/h.

Development of models for green hydrogen production of Turkey geothermal Resources: A case study demonstration of thermodynamics and thermoeconomics analyses

The transition to sustainable and clean energy sources has become imperative in the face of global climate change concerns. Hydrogen is a versatile and environmentally friendly energy carrier among the potential solutions. Utilizing renewable resources for hydrogen production is a promising avenue, and Turkey's geothermal resources offer significant potential. This study focuses on developing models for assessing Turkey's geothermal resources' green hydrogen production potential, employing thermodynamics and thermoeconomics analyses. The thermodynamic analysis explores the thermophysical properties of geothermal fluids, investigating the feasibility of utilizing the available heat for hydrogen production through electrolysis. As a result of the performance analysis, the Afyon Geothermal Power Plant (AFJES) produces 4132 kW net power with 150 kg/s geo-fluid at 110℃. The unit costs of the electricity and hydrogen produced in the power plant are 0.01671 $/kWh and 1.684 $/kg, respectively. The study aims to determine the optimal conditions and configurations for efficient hydrogen production from Turkey's geothermal resources. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and energy stakeholders, aiding in the decision-making process for deploying sustainable and economically viable hydrogen production in Turkey's geothermal-rich regions. Furthermore, this research contributes to the broader objective of achieving a low-carbon energy future while tapping into the immense potential of geothermal resources.

Saline-Tolerant Pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. Isolated from a Geothermal Power Plant.

Few studies have been conducted in the cooling systems of power plants; they have focused on Naegleria fowleri, leaving a gap in the knowledge of other pathogenic free-living amoebae in this environment. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of saline-tolerant pathogenic Acanthamoeba in a geothermal power plant. The identification of isolated amoebae at genus level was carried out, observing their morphological characteristics; the determination of genotype and species of Acanthamoeba was performed via molecular biology (PCR). Water temperature ranged from 18 to 43 °C and conductivity from 4.0 × 104 to 8.7 × 104 μS/cm; this last value was greater than the seawater value. Only five amoeba genera were found. Acanthamoeba was in all the sampling sites, showing high saline tolerance. The high temperature, but mainly high conductivity, were the environmental conditions that determined the presence of pathogenic free-living amoebae in the hot water. All the strains of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni killed the mice, having a mortality of 40 to 100%. Acanthamoeba genotypes T10 and T5 were identified, T10 is rarely isolated from the environment, while T5 is more frequent. This is the first time that genotypes T5 and T10 have been reported in the environment in Mexico.

Thermodynamic model-based specification of optimal geothermal power generation system for high-temperature liquid-dominated systems using flash and flash-binary cycles

The utilization of high-temperature geothermal fluid for power generation requires the most suitable generation system to maximize the output with the highest efficiency. Single-flash, double-flash, and flash-binary cycles are the most representative systems for a reservoir with high-temperature geofluids. This study aims to develop a thermodynamic model-based method for selecting the optimal power generation system using criteria of power output and energy and exergy efficiencies. For this purpose, a thermodynamic model of the power generation system was constructed to calculate these values for high-temperature geofluids at 230–350 °C under steady-state conditions. The critical thermodynamic parameters that control these criteria include the separator pressure for the single and double flashers, working fluid, turbine inlet pressure, brine outlet temperature, and pinch point temperature, all of which are incorporated into the calculation. The results show that the flash-binary cycle generates the highest power; 21% higher than that of a single-flash cycle at the 5 °C pinch point, and 7% higher than a double-flash cycle. In addition to this merit, a cautious temperature of 120 °C is recommended for the cold reinjection fluid of a flash-binary cycle, which is considerably lower than that for the single- and double-flash cycles (164 °C).

Improving power plant technology to increase energy efficiency of autonomous consumers using geothermal sources

Abstract The significance of this study is underscored by the immense potential of binary power plants in the contemporary world. These plants have a pivotal role to play in supplying heat to homes, facilitating greenhouse heating, and supporting air conditioning systems. The purpose of the study is to provide recommendations on eliminating errors in the processes of improving and implementing geothermal plants and analysing their functioning during electricity generation. The analytical method, classification, functional, statistical, synthesis, and others should be noted among the methods used. The features of geothermal plants in Kazakhstan were noted, their differences were analysed, and errors that are made during the operation of power plants to increase the energy efficiency of consumers and the causes of errors were analysed. Uncertainties in the development and their impact on the functioning of geothermal power plants were identified. The practical value lies in the application of the identified results, solving errors in the development and implementation of a binary power plant to improve the energy efficiency of consumers, the reliability of the use of geothermal plants in the region, considering various factors, which will help provide recommendations for the appropriate use of the mechanism.