Publisher Summary This chapter discusses geostatistical techniques used in distributed parameter system estimation problems. It provides an overview of some mining problems. A mineral deposit is a three-dimensional body buried underground and with fuzzy limits; the body may or may not be homogeneous, and if it is possible to recognize different zones within it, their contour is a priori unknown. Once such a deposit has been located, it is usually sampled by means of expensive diamond. The chapter discusses techniques that have been developed for solving distributed system estimation problems encountered in mineral exploration. These techniques are quite powerful and are increasingly used by the mineral industry for ore reserve estimation. Although well documented in the geostatistical literature, they are not well known to control engineers, and the terminology that has evolved is somewhat specialized.