Geography Of Europe Research Articles

ПРОФЕСОР ОЛЕКСАНДР ЗУПАН (1847-1920): ЖИТТЯ І ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ В ГЕОГРАФІЇ

Purpose. Analysis of the scientific achievements of scientists-geographers who have left a significant mark in the development of domestic and world scientific thought, due to the need to determine its historical formation and identify future vectors of development. That is why the purpose of our article is to present the results of the study of the scientific heritage of Professor Alexander Zupan, as an outstanding scientist in the field of geography. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of available literature sources on this topic, as well as the works of scientists in the field of geography and partly in the field of history. In particular, the article used such methods of geographical research as analysis, historical and literary. Results. The article highlights the life of Alexander Zupan - a famous geographer of the Austrian period, who worked not only in Austria, Germany, Slovenia but also in Ukraine, namely in Chernivtsi. During his life, Alexander Zupan went from teacher to professor, making a significant contribution to the development of physical, social and political geography, climatology, as well as the development of school geographical education. In total, his scientific achievements include more than 30 works. Much of the work has been republished several times. The scientific works "Fundamentals of Physical Geography", "Textbook of Geography on the Principles of Modern Science for Austrian Secondary Schools", "Wind Statistics in the Lower Troposphere" and others deserve special attention. For his scientific contribution he was awarded the scientific prize of the German Academy of Naturalists "Leopoldin" "Medal of Kotenius". The main scientific ideas of the scientist date back to the period of work as the editor of the famous geographical journal "Petermanns Mitteilungen". But it is also worth noting that it was Zupan who introduced branch geographical courses in physical geography, orography, geographical morphology, climatology, oceanology, ethnology, regional courses in European geography, and others at Chernivtsi University. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukraine, we conducted a detailed analysis of the scientific heritage and life of Professor Oleksandr Zupan, because his figure is little studied in Ukrainian geographical science. The рractical significance. Analysis of the scientific achievements of geographers allows to deepen knowledge of the theory of Ukrainian geography and assess their contribution to the development of important areas of geographical science. Knowledge of Alexander Zupan's scientific work is important from the point of view of using his main ideas in modern theoretical and scientific-practical research.

Editorial

When I first started the publishing of the European Journal of Geography (EJG), more than a decade ago, it was decided to be published in accordance with the goal of the European Ministers of Education, under the Bologna Process and Lisbon Agenda, to make European higher education a worldwide reference and standard. That is, EJG as the publishing arm of the European Association of Geographers-EUROGEO had as a fundamental goal to fulfil EUROGEO’s goals related to:  Communicate Geographic information to the widest possible audience.  Continue validating the quality of Geographic research, which is the isthmus test of all journals.  Build a valid collective Geographic knowledge base.  Promote the work of the Geographic community In addition, however, as chief editor of our journal, I was determined to achieve a series of objectives, who has been successful, such as:  Provide a forum for geographers worldwide to communicate on all aspects of research and applications of geography.  Promote the significance of geography as a discipline and contribute towards improving the quality of research, learning and teaching of Geography.  Work diligently towards producing more, with better quality papers, in all geographic subjects  Create the conditions to be accepted by the Content Selection and Advisory Board (CSAB) and be included in SCOPUS the leading world citation database.  Achieve and continuously increase its impact factor, which is taking place by the constant increase of EJG’s papers referencing, by all who believe and value European Geography.  Improve the digital transformation of publishing Geographic research, teaching and spatial problem solving by created a journal environment that includes digitization (everything to be in a digital form), digitalization (every process to be computerized) and digital effects (the publishing results to be on line available to anyone, anywhere and for any purpose).  Provide distribution mechanism for the work accomplished during the EUROGEO conferences, by publishing special issues that included selected papers (following the EJG normal evaluation process) presented at these conferences. The issue you are browsing at this minute (Vol.11, No.4) represents the last milestone that has been achieved in our Journal, namely: to provide a forum and an incentive for National Geographic Associations to communicate on all aspects of research and applications of geography related to local conditions. This is a special issue that includes selected papers (following the EJG normal evaluation process) presented at National Geographic conferences, which in this case was the Hellenic Geographic Society

Construcciones efímeras en madera: los balnearios de la fachada marítima de Alicante (siglos XIX y XX)

Durante los siglos XIX y XX, a lo largo de la geografía europea proliferaron los balnearios, edificaciones destinadas a facilitar los baños termales y marinos como fuente de salud, tan de moda en aquellos años. Como caso de estudio se analizan los de la playa de Alicante, primer puerto de mar comunicado con la capital española por ferrocarril y uno de los primeros focos de atracción del turismo del interior de la península. Los balnearios levantinos eran estructuras sencillas de madera, compuestas por plataformas cubiertas sobre el mar, apoyadas sobre pilotes enclavados en la arena, a modo de sofisticados muelles. De forma paradigmática, se analiza la construcción y tipología de uno de esos balnearios. Con este artículo se pretende demostrar la relevancia de estas edificaciones que, a pesar de su marcado carácter estacional, formaron parte del paisaje de la fachada marítima alicantina durante más de un siglo.

Business innovation modes and their impact on innovation outputs: Regional variations and the nature of innovation across EU regions

This work contributes to the literature on innovation systems and, in particular, delivers a thorough analysis on business innovation modes across a range of regional contexts. This analysis refers to the strand of literature on STI (Science and Technology-based Innovation) and DUI innovation modes (Innovation based on learning-by-Doing, learning-by-Using, learning-by-Interacting) that have been intensely debated over the past few years. It is a relevant area of research because it discusses the most effective innovation mode adopted by firms and their regions in the context of increasing global competition. In this scientific area, we inquire whether and how the regional context and its specific technological capabilities produce a differentiated impact of STI and DUI innovation modes on innovation outputs, alongside the nature of innovation outputs. In this respect, this study advances the literature on regional innovation systems that have not been analyzed by other scholarly contributions in this strand who have mostly discussed the differentiated impact of innovation modes across individual countries, industries, and business networks. Based on the large heterogeneity of regions across the European geography, we move beyond the set of individual country studies and develop a thorough analysis based on the Community Innovation Survey (CIS 2014) data from the Eurostat office about EU regions. Empirical evidence based on the application of a multiple treatment model suggests that both regional specificities and the nature of innovation matter. In addition, the DUI innovation mode proves to be often more important than expected for most types of innovation output.

Trianon és a Brit földrajz I.

The ‘dismemberment’ of Hungary as a result of the Treaty of Trianon (1920) was a momentous event. This paper examines the reaction of British geographers to Hungary’s dramatic and extensive loss of territory and much-reduced national sovereignty. It considers two works by British geographers, Marion Newbigin (in 1920) and Alan Ogilvie (in 1922), who attempted to explain Hungary’s situation following the Treaty. To Hungary’s geographers, Trianon ruptured historical associations between nature and nation. Boundaries previously formed upon the Carpathians’ natural geography and the hydrography of the Great Hungarian Plain were now replaced by ethnic considerations, even although these proved difficult to effect in practice as the basis of the new boundaries. The paper explores maps produced by Hungarian geographers, and most notably Pál Teleki’s ‘Ethnographical Map of Hungary’ (1919)—the so-called ‘Carte Rouge’—which attempted to reveal Hungary’s ethnic identity and territorial integrity. The paper then examines Marion Newbigin’s ‘Aftermath: A geographical study of the peace terms’ (1920) and Ogilvie’s ‘Some aspects of boundary settlement at the peace conference’ (1922) as Britain’s geographers tried to explain and justify Trianon in terms of post-war geopolitics, ethnic diversity, and linguistic difference. For Newbigin, Hungary’s ethnic delimitation post-Trianon was largely dictated by the Western powers (principally by the American delegation to the 1919 Paris peace conference). In his work Ogilvie (a member of the British geographical delegation in Paris) shows that the principles on which Trianon was determined were often compromised in practice. The paper shows how the new geography of Europe and Hungary dictated by Trianon elicited different responses from different geographical communities.

The use of purified waste water for agricultural irrigation

Agricultural production is highly dependent on water and is also the largest consumer. In developing countries, on the other hand, rapid urbanisation has led to increased volumes of wastewater being used as a low-cost alternative to conventional irrigation, turning a 'waste' into a new resource to support local agriculture. The re-use of water could thus potentially reduce the need for supplementary applications of inorganic fertiliser. End-users should be informed of the nutrient content of purified water.In the field of purified wastewater, it is not only necessary to make the use of this new resource possible, but also to increase social acceptability by overcoming technical, economic, political and social barriers in order to make greater use possible. Government and research activities should demonstrate the benefits of using purified wastewater and the limitations of doing so, although again such efforts would need to be funded. European geography and climate lead to a disparity in the distribution of water in the EU, in fact we observe a European Union in two gears, a Central Europe rich in water resources and therefore without commercial economic interests in recycling residual water, while a Southern Europe at risk of desertification and interested in a clear, rational and pragmatic regulation of water resources to minimize waste. More than 60% of the water used in Southern Europe is for irrigation, with extraction peaks of up to 80% in some watersheds. The opportunity to use purified urban and industrial wastewater for agricultural irrigation is therefore the most effective strategy to combat drought, a consequence of climate change. Currently, the practice of water reuse is established in only a few Member States and is implemented far below its potential. To facilitate and stimulate the reuse of water for agricultural irrigation, the EU has issued the Regulation on Minimum Requirements for Reuse, setting minimum requirements for purified water quality and monitoring, assigning crucial risk management tasks, and introducing a harmonized approach for the reuse of irrigation water across the EU. The new rules will increase legal certainty in this field, where currently the rules vary widely from one Member State to another.

Quam ecclesiam in honore sancta Marie Virginis intitulari volumus: Study on the Kłodzko Monastery of Canons Regular of St. Augustine in the Pre-Hussite Period by Pavel Otmar Krafl

Reviewed by: Quam ecclesiam in honore sancta Marie Virginis intitulari volumus: Study on the Kłodzko Monastery of Canons Regular of St. Augustine in the Pre-Hussite Period by Pavel Otmar Krafl Thomas A. Fudge Krafl, Pavel Otmar, Quam ecclesiam in honore sancta Marie Virginis intitulari volumus: Study on the Kłodzko Monastery of Canons Regular of St. Augustine in the Pre-Hussite Period, trans. by Miroslav Košek (Canonici regulares sancti Augustini, 1), Brno, Středoevropské centrum slovanských studií, 2018; hardback; pp. 93; ISBN 9788086735191. Since the Potsdam conference at the end of World War Two, Kłodzko has been part of Poland. In the Middle Ages, it belonged to the Kingdom of Bohemia (as Kladsko), though there were bitter conflicts because Poland also claimed the town. Modern Kłodzko lies ninety kilometres south of Wrocław, 150 kilometres north [End Page 265] of Brno (the capital of Moravia), and 200 kilometres east and slightly north of Prague. These relevant details are absent from the book and the author takes for granted that Western readers are au fait with Central European geography. The volume could benefit from the inclusion of a map. Established formally on 25 March 1349, the Augustinian cloister emerged as a key font of culture in late medieval Central Europe and played a significant religious and political role in the history of Bohemia. Between the 1330s and the outbreak of the Hussite Revolution, the Canons Regular of St Augustine were a major influence in the Czech territories. These religious houses were centres of education and artistic achievement. For scholars of religious renewal it is worth noting that the Devotio moderna found receptive soil amongst the Augustinians. Czech bishops seemed to favour the order and many of the monasteries established in the Kingdom of Bohemia owe their foundations to episcopal influence. This slim volume seeks to emphasize the role of the Kłodzko canonry in the period leading up to the Hussite movement. Pavel Krafl is among the very best scholars equipped to deal with the topic, having established himself over the past twenty years as a leading scholar of Czech religious history, publishing numerous papers, essays, monographs, and editions in areas related to the present study. The bibliography lists no fewer than twenty-seven items from his pen. In late medieval Czech history, the Hussite uprising forms a dividing line in the historiography. This is true of this book and its author adheres to that demarcation. The entire district of Kłodzko plays a role in the history of Hussites but that is not part of the present study. In the period between its foundation and the Hussite movement (c. 1350 to c. 1415) numerous conflicts involving the religious house and the community can be observed. Beyond these, extant records reveal numerous internal disputes that convulsed the Kłodzko canonry. The book comprises a brief introduction, a substantial survey of sources, and relevant historiography including editions of monastic records, encyclopaedias, synthetic studies, monographs, and essays. This enables the reader to situate the present volume within the larger body of scholarship. This introduction is followed by chapters dealing with the foundation of the Augustinian house at Kłodzko, especially the role of Ernest of Pardubice, archbishop of Prague, an elaboration of the canonry and its sphere of operations, an explanation of the law of patronage and its relation to incorporated churches, a discussion of the important dispute with the Hospitaller commandery (Order of Saint John), and a delineation of the election of provosts in the pre-Hussite period, complemented with brief treatments addressing the jurisdiction of the provost and prior over members of the convent, and disputes between the Augustinian provost and the convent. One of the longer chapters deals with the confraternities of the convent followed by a prosopographical survey up to the Hussite period. Krafl presents the reader with brief allusions to a number of particularly interesting and piquant notes from the sources. These include an archiepiscopal mandate against anyone wishing to attack the monastery or rob the Augustinians, [End Page 266] and a decree issued by King Charles IV enlarging the judicial immunities enjoyed by the Kłodzko canonry. The most interesting element...

A European Geography of Patristic Scholarship in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

A European Geography of Patristic Scholarship in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

The ocean in excess: Connecting with the cosmos in European geography and encountering Polynesian ontological perspectives

In welcoming this addition to Peters and Steinberg’s insights on water, seas and oceans and their ontological implications this paper asks about connections with cosmos thinking in geography, and with learning with those with non-Western perspectives, for instance from Polynesia. It asks whether the ‘frames’ of understanding Peters and Steinberg seek can come from Geography, and what new forms of representation are needed?

Impact on Reduction of Pollutant Emissions from Passenger Cars when Replacing Euro 4 with Euro 6d Diesel Engines Considering the Altitude Influence

The impact of Euro 4 compression ignition engines over the air quality in Europe has been analyzed in this work by comparing them with Euro 6d emissions regulation. The Euro 6d diesel engine has been chosen as the preferred replacement according to its advantages in global warming potential (GWP) emissions, like methane hydrocarbons (MHC) and CO2, with respect to Euro 6d petrol-based powertrains. The motivation for this study is that the effects of the emissions reduction policies, as the implementation of the regulation Euro 6d, are necessarily limited due to the great number of passenger cars still in circulation that were homologated under Euro 4 or older standards. To address the impact of the old vehicle pool, a Worldwide harmonized Light-vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) has been used to analyze the performance and pollutant emissions of a Euro 4 diesel engine in altitude conditions. This driving cycle and engine are considered as a baseline for the subsequent discussion, where the altitude plays a key role because of the European geography. It forces passenger cars to drive over sea level during a significant number of trips. Thus, an analysis of how significant would be the impact of energy policies promoting the substitution of the pre-Euro 5 diesel fleet (>10 years old) by modern Euro 6d engines in the short term on the pollutants and GWP emissions reduction is presented.

East-Central European human geographers in English-dominated, Anglophone-based international publishing space

East-Central European human geographers in English-dominated, Anglophone-based international publishing space

Approach to students’ social representations in the construction of academic European geography: A case study of Spanish university students

Abstract This article provides the results of classroom research involving university students training to be secondary school teachers of geography and history. The research is based on the analysis of a word association test on Europe and the European Union. The results constitute an approach to the geographical and historical representations these students have of their own European continent. This is a fundamental question considering that this collective group is training to teach the contents and values of European geography in secondary school education. From here on, our intention is no other than to carry out an exercise of synthesis and overall reflection on the test results and introduce issues which could generate some debate in the educational community.

The Electoral Geography of the Left in Western Europe Since 1945: Permanencies and Changes

AbstractThis paper interrogates the stability of relative geographical patterns of electoral results in Europe since World War II in a context of the dramatic socio‐economic changes and the deep transformations of the European geography. To do so, we propose a theoretical model in which regional political orientations along the Left vs. Right cleavage dates back to the end of the nineteenth century or even before, related to the land tenure, the familial structure, the time of the industrial take off or the impact of religion. Specifically, we show that the current electoral map is still partly related to such old structures, long after they vanish. To explain this hysteresis, we refer to the role of social networks and institutions embedded in places, allowing the transmission of electoral behaviour from one generation to the other. However, the West European electoral map has not been frozen, and, in the last part of the paper, we explain how major political and socio‐economic changes alter political behaviour of places.

生産システムから学習システムへ : 1990年代の欧米における工業地理学の研究動向( 産業空間および生活空間の再編と交通・通信・情報)

生産システムから学習システムへ : 1990年代の欧米における工業地理学の研究動向( 産業空間および生活空間の再編と交通・通信・情報)

Fluid Identity, Fluid Citizenship: The Problem of Ethnicity in Postcommunist Romania

This article aims at capturing a paradoxical situation of modern Romanian nationalism that is both a symptom and a consequence of the country's postcommunist “liquid” modernity: the tension between the essentialist and the constructionist discourses related to nationalism and ethnic identity. Approaching this topic can be an important endeavor not only for a better understanding of the condition of an eminently liminal geography in Europe's late modernity (East/West, democracy/totalitarianism, tradition/modernity) but also for addressing two questions of major importance to political anthropology: (1) Which are the political consequences of exposing a certain community to the scientific discourse produced in the sphere of the social sciences about that very community? (2) How is it possible for modern national identity to be commodified and for citizenship to be contractualized?

Rethinking Mobilities: Solidarity and Migrant Struggles Beyond Narratives of Crisis

Recent mobilities towards Europe have been framed through a discourse of crisis. This discourse presents migratory movements as illegitimate and exceptional, and calls for the deployment of emergency measures in order to restore putative order and normality. In this article, I propose to think of mobilities beyond crisis. First, I challenge the notion that Europe is experiencing a migrant crisis by relocating recent mobilities in a larger history of confrontation between sovereign power and movement. Second, I draw on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with refugees and solidarity activists in order to bring to the fore wider histories of autonomous migrant struggles against Europe’s borders and to uncover alternative accounts of identity and subjectivity that are being enacted within ‘Europe’. Last, I examine the discourse of Mediterranean Solidarity mobilised by migrants and activists and assess the way in which it disrupts the dominant European geography of borders. This investigation allows us to perceive and assess existing forms of political and ethical community that transcend the citizen/non-citizen dichotomy and open up the possibilities of non-territorial imagination of identity and belonging.

Hearing Voices: Cuban Oral History

Hearing Voices: Cuban Oral History

Austrian Festival Missions after 1918: The Vienna Music Festival and the Long Shadow of Salzburg

Rising from the ruins of a post-1918 Austria shed of its monarchical leadership and much of its former territory, the Salzburg Festival acquired a symbolic authority during the First Austrian Republic that continues to ensure its privileged place in Austrian politics and culture to this day. At the core of this privileged place are two signature legacies that, while grounded in the festival's prewar history, fortified a particular agenda of the Second Austrian Republic in defining Austrian history and national identity in the decades following World War II. The first, as expressed in 1919 by the festival's most articulate cofounder, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, is that with its Salzburg setting, the festival should be understood as situated in the “heart of the heart of Europe,” a place where the antitheses of Central European geography (German and Slavic, German and Italian), social class (commoner and elite), and aesthetic genre (dramatic theater and opera) encounter one another only to be dissolved through transcendence in an “organic unity.”

Human capital, cultural values and economic performance in European regions

This study examines the cross-sectional association of three value orientations (self-direction, achievement and power) and level of gross domestic product (GDP) in 289 NUTS regions. Regional value aggregates, drawn from Schwartz’s Human Value Scale included in the European Social Survey, are taken to indicate value-based human capital. Regression analysis shows that self-direction, indicating independent thought, action and creativity, is a strong predictor for regional GDP after controlling for standard control variables and spatial autocorrelation. Additionally, analysis implements welfare regimes as indicators of larger socio-historic frames and finds significant geographical variations within these frames regarding the relationship between prevailing value climate and level of economic performance. The study contrasts perspectives from economic geography and cultural studies to the literature on alternative definitions and measures for human capital and argues that a synthesis of these perspectives can enrich one’s understanding of the economic geography in Europe.

Географія українських земель у науковій спадщині видатного німецького географа Антона Бюшінґа

A. Busching is one of the greatest European geographers of second half of the XVIII century. The most fundamental work – Neue Erdbeschreibung oder Universal Geographie (1754) – brought him worldwide fame only during his lifetime was reprinted eight times and has been translated into almost all European languages. A. Busching systematized geographic information is very valuable source of historical geography of Ukraine. Each new reissue of the information (including statistics) A. Busching meticulously update, detailed and changed with the times era. In the 60’s gave a lengthy description of Ukrainian lands Red Ruthenia as part of the Kingdom of Poland. In the 70’s he was first among European geographers who published a geographical description of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. In the 80’s A. Busching published a series of statistical-geographical studies of new data on the geography of population, economy, communications and commerce Western, Central and Southern Ukrainian lands. The role and contribution of A. Busching in a geographical study of Ukraine in the second half of the seventeenth century are considered. In 1762–1763 A. Busching introduced to the world geographical community a new generalizing geographical name of the country, which was known from earlier treatises as Kievan Rus, Red Ruthenia, Cossacks’ province. The title of the relevant section of it preserved colonial official name given in 1764 by Catherine II disbanded it Hetman state – Little Russia. But below its geographical characteristics, this definition was begun: “The country of the Cossacks, usually called Ukraine...” A. Busching filed a brief geographical reference of all provinces and major cities of Ukraine. Busching’s books interesting information about her administrative-territorial structure, number cities, geography of trade, state of the river and road transport, formation centres manufactured crafts etc. A. Busching in 1772–1775 was the first systematized scientific community for world geography major geographic information system on the new administrative-territorial unit Europe – the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria – successor of earlier Principality of Galicia-Volyn Rus and Rus country. A. Busching is the author of the first survey maps of Europe that reflect this geographical unit. Content and factual materials of the scientific heritage of geographer were critically analysed and modified. It is shown the value of certain works of the scientist for historical-geographical studios and territorial development of Ukrainian lands that period. Key words: Ukraine, the Ukrainian lands, historical geography, scientific heritage, A. Busching.