Purpose This article examines the contexts, challenges, and notion of women's entrepreneurship through an indigenous cultural and gender framework. The aim is to provide indigenous voices to the diversity of entrepreneurship research from non-Western perspectives. This approach enables us to highlight the experiences of indigenous women entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This article uses a qualitative research approach to examine indigenous entrepreneurial practices. Data were collected through interviews with 15 Nigerian indigenous women entrepreneurs, who were purposively selected. In addition, focus groups were conducted to generate further data and validate participants' responses. Through thematic analysis, we developed an empirically derived framework for gender and indigenous entrepreneurship culture. Findings Inductive themes emerged from thematic analysis, revealing 7 Ms gender framework of indigenous women's entrepreneurship related to money, management, market, motherhood, meso-environment, macro-environment, and mobilisation of resources. Moreover, the findings reveal enabling elements of indigenous cultural entrepreneurship frameworks, such as the Ajo or Adeshe/Esusu traditional savings schemes, which promote “indigenous sources of capital,” and informal entrepreneurial learning that nurtures future entrepreneurial leaders. Research limitations/implications This study uses data from a single country, geographical area, and specific populations, which may limit the scope of the empirical findings. Future research could expand the parameters or combine qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a more in-depth analysis of different contexts and relationships. Originality/value Entrepreneurship research has been criticized for its non-inclusive theories, overreliance on Western philosophies, and failure to integrate indigenous knowledge from the Global South. This article makes an original contribution to knowledge by exploring the relationship among indigenous culture, gender, and entrepreneurship in a non-Western context.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are at risk of sudden deterioration, requiring timely diagnostics and treatment to prevent secondary cerebral injuries. This study investigated lead times in prehospital and early intrahospital TBI management, assessing their association with geographical conditions, hospital caseloads, and patient outcomes. This nationwide, observational cohort study included 5036 TBI patients (during 2018-2022) from the Swedish Trauma Registry (SweTrau). Lead times from trauma to alarm, from alarm to hospital arrival, and times to first computed tomography (CT) from alarm and hospital arrival, respectively, were calculated. These were analyzed against the geographical distribution of healthcare, hospital caseloads, and 30-day mortality. The majority of the cohort arrived in hospital within one hour and suffered a mild-to-moderate TBI. In univariate analyses, healthcare regions with larger geographical catchment areas exhibited longer time of prehospital management from alarm to arrival in hospital than smaller regions. Meanwhile, in multivariate linear regressions, larger region catchment area was independently associated with longer times from trauma to alarm and from alarm to hospital, but shorter time from alarm to first CT. In similar multivariate analyses, higher caseload was associated with longer time from alarm to first CT. Patients who were initially managed in a local hospital exhibited longer lead times overall, except from time to first CT from arrival in hospital. Furthermore, in the whole cohort, longer time from alarm to first CT and from arrival in hospital to first CT were associated with lower rate of mortality in univariate logistic regressions. However, this did not hold true in multivariate analysis after adjusting for demography and injury severity. Lead times in TBI management varied by both geographical and hospital-bound factors. Faster lead times in TBI were associated with higher mortality in univariate analysis, but this association disappeared in multivariate analysis, suggesting that clinical severity rather than time alone is the stronger predictor of outcome. Nonetheless, it remains believed that efficient and qualitative management is a fundamental necessity for better outcomes in TBI management.

Abstract Wildlife monitoring is crucial for studying biodiversity loss and climate change. Camera trap images provide a non-intrusive method for analyzing animal populations and identifying ecological patterns over time. However, manual analysis is time-consuming and resource-intensive. Deep learning, particularly foundation models, has been applied to automate wildlife identification, achieving strong performance when tested on data from the same geographical locations as their training sets. Yet, despite their promise, these models struggle to generalize to new geographical areas, leading to significant performance drops. For example, training an advanced vision-language model, such as CLIP with an adapter, on an African dataset achieves an accuracy of 84.77%. However, this performance drops significantly to 16.17% when the model is tested on an American dataset. This limitation partly arises because existing models rely predominantly on image-based representations, making them sensitive to geographical data distribution shifts, such as variation in background, lighting, and environmental conditions. To address this, we introduce WildIng, a Wild life image In variant representation model for g eographical domain shift. WildIng integrates text descriptions with image features, creating a more robust representation to geographical domain shifts. By leveraging textual descriptions, our approach captures consistent semantic information, such as detailed descriptions of the appearance of the species, improving generalization across different geographical locations. Experiments show that WildIng enhances the accuracy of foundation models such as BioCLIP by 30% under geographical domain shift conditions. We evaluate WildIng on two datasets collected from different regions, namely America and Africa. The code and models are publicly available at https://github.com/Julian075/CATALOG/tree/WildIng .

Dermatophyte infections are common in general practice and occur more often in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but whether they signal undiagnosed T2D remains unclear. We conducted a register-based cohort study including positive PCR tests for dermatophyte infection from the feet or nails, matched 1:3 to individuals from the same geographic area in Denmark. Those with known diabetes, type 1 diabetes or aged under 20 were excluded. Incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for new-onset T2D were estimated using Poisson regression. The final cohort comprised 78,140 individuals, with a median age of 51 years, and 60.8% were male. The IR for T2D was 9.23 per 100 person-years in the exposed group and 9.00 in the unexposed group, with an adjusted IRR of 1.00 (0.91-1.11, p=0.94), indicating no significant association. In a sensitivity analysis excluding unexposed individuals with prior topical antifungal treatment, the IRR increased to 1.15 (1.08-1.23, p=0.001). While the primary analysis showed no significant association, the sensitivity analysis suggested a modest increased risk when exposure misclassification was reduced, supporting dermatophyte infection as a possible early signal of undiagnosed T2D in selected populations.

Robinia pseudoacacia is a major tree species for soil and water conservation afforestation in the “Three-North” Region, with crucial ecological improvement and carbon sequestration functions. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of suitable areas and carbon storage of R. pseudoacacia plantations under different future climate scenarios, further reveal the changing trend of their carbon sequestration potential, and provide a scientific basis for the rational layout and sustainable management of R. pseudoacacia plantations in the “Ω”-shaped bend of the Yellow River. Based on the MaxEnt model, we predicted the potential suitable distribution of R. pseudoacacia under future climate change scenarios, identified the potentially threatened geographical distribution regions and area changes in R. pseudoacacia, and clarified the limiting factors affecting the potential geographical distribution of R. pseudoacacia plantations by analyzing the contribution rates and permutation importance of comprehensive environmental variables. Combined with the InVEST model, we estimated and analyzed the spatial distribution of carbon storage in R. pseudoacacia plantations in the 2090s. The results showed that the minimum temperature of the coldest month was the main environmental factor affecting the distribution of potential suitable areas of R. pseudoacacia plantations, with a contribution rate of 46.98%, followed by annual precipitation. Under current climatic conditions, the potential suitable areas of R. pseudoacacia plantations were mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau, Hetao Plain, Ordos Plateau, Kubuqi Desert, and northern Mu Us Sandy Land. The highly suitable areas were mainly concentrated in the south-central part of the Loess Plateau, accounting for approximately 22.81% of the total area of the “Ω”-shaped bend of the Yellow River. Under future climate change, the moderately and highly suitable areas tended to shift northwestward. Under the four future climate scenarios, the carbon storage and carbon density of R. pseudoacacia plantations showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; by 2100, the carbon storage reached the maximum under the SSP370 scenario, and the areas with medium-to-high carbon storage first expanded and then contracted, mainly concentrated in the Ordos Plateau and Loess Plateau.

Accessible occupational health advice is only available to approximately half the United Kingdom population. With rising sickness absence new models for delivering occupational health are required to support employees with health conditions to manage their condition at work. To determine, in patients consulting in general practice who receive a fit note, whether the addition of a vocational advice intervention to usual primary care leads to fewer days lost from work, and whether vocational advice is cost-effective. Intervention development: Training development using mixed methods and the theoretical framework the Behaviour Change Wheel. Feasibility study: Mixed methods, single-arm feasibility study, with stop/go criteria to assist decision making about progression to full trial. Trial: Multi-centre, two-parallel arm, superiority, randomised controlled trial with health economic analysis and nested qualitative study. General practices in three geographic areas in England: West Midlands, South London and Wessex. Patients aged ≥ 18 years, currently in paid employment (full or part-time), current absence from work of at least 2 weeks but not more than 6 consecutive months, with a fit note for any health condition. Vocational advice delivered by trained vocational support workers plus usual primary care (intervention arm), compared to usual primary care alone (control arm). The outcome of intervention development was a vocational advice intervention and training package. Feasibility study outcomes were ability to recruit and acceptability of the vocational advice intervention to participants. The trial primary outcome was number of days absent from work over 6 months. A vocational advice intervention and training package designed for delivery in primary care using case management and stepped care to support patients absent from work for 2 weeks to 6 months. The feasibility study recruited 19 participants demonstrating the vocational advice intervention could be delivered and was acceptable to participants. Recommendations around automated recruitment and data collection were made which were implemented in the trial. The randomised controlled trial sample size was 720; 130 participants were recruited (66 intervention/64 control) before closing early due to recruitment difficulties. There was no statistically significant difference in days absent over 6 months with a mean of 37 (standard deviation 48) days absence (vocational advice intervention) compared to a mean of 42 (standard deviation 57) days absence (usual primary care alone) and an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 0.913 (80% confidence interval 0.653 to 1.276). Health economic analysis found that productivity losses were also lower in the intervention arm at £5513.84 (standard deviation £7101.43) compared to the control arm at £6146.21 (standard deviation 8431.88). At 6 weeks, the intervention arm had lower mean absenteeism, presenteeism, work productivity loss and activity impairment on the work productivity activity impairment scale than the control arm; again this was not significant. This study resulted in a vocational advice intervention suitable for all health conditions and a training package to support delivery of the intervention. In primary care, delivery was feasible and acceptable to patients. Exploratory analysis indicated some signals of benefit in terms of days absent from work, costs and most other secondary outcome measures. Future work should focus on the delivery of a fully powered randomised controlled trial evaluating an early vocational advice intervention compared to usual primary care to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this approach. This synopsis presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme as award number 17/94/49.

Quantifying work patterns of health professionals: A narrative review of studies using the Work Observation Method By Activity Timing (WOMBAT).

SPARC: The Standardised Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Analysis and Reporting Consensus: A Delphi Analysis.

ABSTRACT The duration, magnitude, and frequency of heatwaves are predicted to increase in the coming decades, a combination that can reduce the survival of many fish species. Across the world, there is broad interest in identifying thermal refuge for heat‐intolerant fish species and exploring opportunities to enhance or protect these areas. Because deeper groundwater maintains a relatively constant temperature, groundwater‐influenced areas along streams can provide cool‐water refuge for fish during periods of extreme heat. A targeted approach was developed for identifying existing cold‐water zones and areas of substantial groundwater discharge in four high priority Lake Ontario tributaries. Our approach included: (1) predicting where groundwater discharge is most likely with a simple geospatial model and (2) using model predictions to select field sites for intensive high‐resolution study, including ground‐based mapping of groundwater features (springs, seeps, tributaries) as well as drone‐based optical and thermal infrared surveys. Results from field sites were used to both verify model performance and map different types and aerial extents of thermal anomalies. Geospatial modelling successfully predicted regions of widespread groundwater upwelling, later verified and mapped by field and drone surveys. Comparison of model and field survey results further highlighted specific geospatial layers, such as soil/bedrock types and topographic wetness index, as being particularly useful for predicting groundwater influence on streams in the study area. In addition, a comparison of geospatial model results with a model of fish abundances along the studied streams showed significant positive correlations for many heat‐intolerant fish species over a wide geographic area. The approach developed in this study can be applied to other watersheds to highlight areas of probable groundwater discharge and could be used by fishery and water resource managers to support cold‐water fish habitat management decision‐making and resource conservation.

A geospatial analysis of open and endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery in the United States.

Spatiotemporal trends of birth defects in North Carolina, 2003-2015.

Coupled evolution of meteorological and hydrological drought until 2100 based on changes in climate scenarios.

Chemically diverse: Chemotaxonomic discrimination and comparative fingerprinting of intact lichens from different families and genera using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics.

Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is the first episode of respiratory distress in an infant under 24 months of age. It is the most common acute lower respiratory tract infection in children under one year old. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children almost always produces clinical symptoms, which are generally benign and self-limiting, with variable expression depending on the patient’s age, risk factors, or previous exposure to the virus. It is a seasonal and epidemic disease, with a higher incidence in the colder months. The most frequent cause of AB is viral infection, with the responsible viruses varying depending on the season and geographic area. RSV is the most frequently detected virus, responsible for approximately 70% of cases. The second most frequent is rhinovirus (RV). The disease begins with upper respiratory tract symptoms lasting one to three days. The infection then spreads to the lower respiratory tract, where symptoms become more pronounced, including cough and signs of respiratory distress such as tachypnea, wheezing, and crackles. Diagnosis is clinical, and further testing is usually unnecessary. Treatment is primarily supportive; Adequate hydration and oxygenation remain the cornerstone of clinical management. Current clinical practice guidelines advise against the routine use of medications such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, or antibiotics. Thanks to immunization with nirsevimab, administered to over 90% of infants under six months of age in 2023, hospital admissions for acute bronchiolitis were reduced by up to 80%. Pediatric bronchitis includes acute episodes, predominantly viral, and persistent forms associated with bacterial infection, notably protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB). Acute bronchitis is primarily characterized by cough and may be accompanied by mild constitutional symptoms with a self-limited course; diagnosis is clinical and management is symptomatic with supportive care. In contrast, PBB is defined by a chronic productive cough lasting more than 3-4 weeks, with an appropriate response to a prolonged course of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Lack of therapeutic response warrants consideration of alternative diagnoses such as bronchiectasis.

This study investigates judicial career mobility in Italy, focusing on the probability of judges attaining managerial or semi-managerial roles. Using a comprehensive dataset of aspirants and winners of competitions for such roles, we combine exploratory and statistical analyses to uncover structural patterns and differences in career progression. Demographic, professional, and institutional variables were considered, including gender, age, service length, office of origin/destination, office type and size, regional location, and the availability of positions. Additional variables, such as average evaluation time, annual staff numbers, and judicial district data, were further computed to enrich the analysis and create a unique database. A detailed descriptive analysis reveals that judges tend to apply for roles within their geographic area and in similarly sized offices. Origin-destination matrices further illustrate these mobility preferences. A key novelty of this work is the application of survival models to estimate the “survival to victory” curve: the probability that a judge has not yet obtained a managerial or semi-managerial role over time. The curve remains flat for the first 20 years—when such roles are legally inaccessible—then declines sharply, reaching a 50% survival rate at 45 years of service. The analysis has been carried out also by stratifying by gender providing a novel empirical evidence on how gender and seniority interact to shape career trajectories within the Italian judiciary.

The long-term prognosis after maternal ischemic stroke (IS) remains understudied. The objectives were to examine if mortality and long-term morbidity are more frequent in women with prior maternal IS compared with women without a pregnancy-related stroke and to assess recovery in maternal IS patients based on functional outcomes and vocational status. In this retrospective nationwide cohort study, maternal IS patients in Finland during years 1987-2016 were identified from national healthcare registers and verified from patient records. Three pregnant controls without a pregnancy-related stroke were selected for each case and matched by delivery year, age, parity, and geographical area. Deaths were acquired from the Causes-Of-Death Register until 2022. Morbidities (cardiovascular diseases and depression) were collected from Hospital Discharge Register and vocational status from Statistics Finland until 2016 for those who survived ≥1 year after stroke. Functional outcomes by modified Rankin scale (mRS) were estimated from patient records. There were 97 women with maternal IS, of whom 92 survived ≥1 year after stroke, and 265 matched controls (median age 30.6 years at index delivery in both groups). The median follow-up time was 17.4 years for mortality and 11.6 years for morbidity and vocational status. The overall mortality was higher in maternal IS patients than controls (8.3% vs 1.8%, age-adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.96, 95% CI 1.58-15.60) but did not differ significantly after the first year. There were 5 (5.6%) recurrent strokes in maternal IS patients. Patients had more frequently major cardiovascular events (6.7% vs 0%, p < 0.001), cardiac diseases (aOR 8.57, 95% CI 2.22-33.08), and depression (aOR 3.92, 95% CI 1.86-8.24) than controls. Of the patients who survived until the end of follow-up, 92.1% had good functional outcomes (mRS 0-2). Still, employment was rarer (aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.94) and retirement (aOR 4.55, 95% CI 2.03-10.17) more common in maternal IS patients than controls. Maternal IS patients had a significant cardiovascular burden and were retired more often than controls at the end of follow-up, although most patients had good functional outcomes. Optimizing long-term prognosis in these young patients necessitates comprehensive management of vascular risk factors and targeted rehabilitation strategies to address residual neurologic deficits.

ObjectiveUsing long-term data from hospital-based sentinel (active) surveillance of foodborne diseases in Liaoning Province from 2014 to 2024, we examined temporal trends, seasonality, the serovar spectrum, and city-level spatiotemporal distribution of salmonellosis to inform optimization of surveillance and targeted prevention and control. This study provides one of the longest provincial-level sentinel-based spatiotemporal analyses of salmonellosis in China.MethodsLaboratory-confirmed infections with Salmonella enterica reported by sentinel hospitals in Liaoning Province were extracted from the National Foodborne Disease Surveillance System. The Mann–Kendall test was used to evaluate monotonic trends in annual positivity rates. Monthly seasonal indices were calculated to describe seasonality. At the city level, a first-order queen contiguity spatial weight matrix was constructed to perform global and local Moran’s I analyses, with LISA results adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) procedure. Spatiotemporal clusters were identified using SaTScan with a discrete Poisson model.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2024, 38,810 cases were tested and 346 were positive for S. enterica, yielding an overall positivity rate of 0.89%. The positivity rate showed a significant, gradual upward trend (z = 2.49, p < 0.05). A unimodal seasonal pattern was observed, with high-risk months from June to August and a peak in July. Young children (particularly one-year-olds and children cared for at home) accounted for the largest proportion of detected cases. The predominant serovars were S. enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Global spatial autocorrelation was not significant; however, local analyses indicated that Chaoyang City remained a stable hotspot after FDR correction. SaTScan identified a Class I (most likely) spatiotemporal cluster centered on Chaoyang City for each predominant serovar (both p < 0.001).ConclusionSentinel surveillance in Liaoning Province suggests a year-by-year increase in the detection level of Salmonella, with summer–early autumn and young children representing key risk windows. Chaoyang City consistently showed a relatively high burden in both local spatial and spatiotemporal analyses. These findings provide evidence for targeted surveillance optimization and risk-based intervention strategies in high-risk seasons, populations, and geographic areas.

Abstract To enable the coexistence of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) and Terrestrial Networks (TN) within shared geographical areas, this paper presents a comprehensive study on adjacent-frequency interference and compatibility between these systems in the 2 GHz band. Through systematic simulation and analysis, we evaluate the mutual interference effects and identify key challenges for spectrum sharing. First, a comprehensive system model that integrates both NTN and TN architectures is formulated. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo method is adopted to build a system-level simulation platform, focusing on four typical interference scenarios. Simulation results reveal the following key findings: For the scenario of NTN UL interfering with TN UL, NTN UE under power classes PC3, PC2, PC1.5, and PC1 must satisfy ACLR values greater than 24.8 dB, 28.2 dB, 32.9 dB, and 37.5 dB, respectively. In the scenario where the TN UL interferes with the NTN UL, the NTN Satellite Access Node must satisfy ACS values greater than 43 dB, 39.2 dB, 37.4 dB, and 36 dB respectively, corresponding to the NTN UE operating under power classes PC3, PC2, PC1.5, and PC1.In the scenario of TN DL interfering with NTN DL, NTN UE in cell-edge areas requires an ACS greater than 47.5 dB to ensure coexistence. Notably, coexistence for NTN DL interfering with TN DL requires an NTN satellite access node ACLR of less than 10 dB. Compared with existing studies, the novelty of this work lies in that specific radio frequency parameter thresholds and targeted interference mitigation strategies have been systematically derived for four typical coexistence scenarios. These results fill the research gap where existing studies either focus only on single interference scenarios or lack explicit and actionable parameter recommendations, and thus critical technical support is provided for the integrated deployment of NTN and TN in the 2 GHz band.

Ticks are expanding in the northern hemisphere. Along with them, tick-borne pathogens can be introduced into new geographical areas and cause infection and disease in animals and humans. Monitoring the expansion of tick populations is challenging and in large areas such as northern Sweden it can be beneficial to take advantage of citizen science. Therefore, people living in northern Sweden were asked to submit ticks collected from their pets or from themselves during the tick seasons of 2018 (north of river Dalälven; n = 1087) and 2019 (from the four northernmost Swedish provinces; n = 514). Ticks were identified at the species level and further analysed with a microfluidic technique to detect carried tick-borne pathogens. Forty-eight PCR assays targeting an array of tick-borne bacteria, viruses and protozoa were performed per sample in the assay. The most frequently detected pathogens were Rickettsia helvetica (15.6% in 2018 and 3.5% in 2019) followed by Borrelia garinii (5.9% in 2018 and 11.5% in 2019) and Borrelia afzelii (5.7% in 2018 and 1.2% in 2019). This study provides data on tick-borne pathogens harbored by feeding ticks collected from a rather poorly investigated geographical area using a One Health perspective. Microfluidic techniques are confirmed to be an effective tool to screen large amounts of samples and to also find pathogens occurring at lower rates. This approach best supports the design of updated risk-maps and to find areas that deserve targeted tick sampling to obtain a more accurate risk assessment and achieve effective disease prevention.

To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers. It also investigates the effects of supplements dosage, intervention duration, and geographical variation on intervention results. A systematic search and screening of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) completed between 2014 and 2023 was undertaken using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations. The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to assess the quality of the studies. A Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed to look at the effects of different doses, intervention periods, and geographic areas. Additionally, publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Ten studies including 1035 participants with myopia were analyzed. Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin resulted in a significant reduction in axial length elongation among adolescents in the intervention group (SMD=-0.40, P=0.001), an increase in macular pigment optical density (SMD=0.50, P=0.010), and an enhancement in visual sensitivity (SMD=0.53, P=0.008). Subgroup analyses revealed that participants receiving high doses and those undergoing intervention for more than 12mo exhibited significantly improved outcomes compared to those in the low-dose and short-term groups (high-dose vs low-dose: SMD=-0.41 vs -0.22, P=0.003; >12mo vs 6-12mo: SMD=-0.43 vs -0.23, P=0.004, respectively). Furthermore, Egger's test indicated no significant publication bias (P=0.094). Combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation has a significant effect on myopia prevention in adolescents, with more pronounced benefits observed in high-dose and long-term interventions. The findings provide scientific evidence for its use as an adjunctive approach in myopia control.