Geodetic Surveying Research Articles

(1) Plane and Geodetic Surveying for Engineers (2) Engineering Surveys (3) Route Surveying (4) Introduction to Mine Surveying

(1) Plane and Geodetic Surveying for Engineers (2) Engineering Surveys (3) Route Surveying (4) Introduction to Mine Surveying

Plane and Geodetic Surveying for Engineers

Plane and Geodetic Surveying for Engineers

Topographical and Geodetic Surveying

Abstract Land surveying may be considered as a practical application of the art of geometry or earth measurement, and must have been practised since the days of Adam and Eve among agriculturists for the appropriation of the soil.

Geodetic Surveying

Geodetic Surveying

Plane and Geodetic Surveying: for Engineers

THIS work is already well known as a standard book on the subject of geodetic surveying; and the new edition should go far to uphold the reputation of the old. The diagrams and photographs are clearly re produced, and the subject matter is set out in a readable manner. The problems set at the end of each section are extremely useful, and possess the advantage of having the answers appended to them. It would perhaps have been preferable to use letters on the illustrations of such instruments as the theo dolite in order to show the constituent parts more clearly; no description of the application of aerial photography to modern surveying is included, and the section dealing with map projections seems to be somewhat condensed. The difficult question of the rapid adjustment of errors in triangulation surveys is admirably dealt with, especially by the method of conditioned quantities.

Geodetic Surveying in the United States

THE annual report of the Director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey for the year 1930–31 (Washington, 1931, 45 pp., 60 cents) describes briefly the wide range and large extent of the activities of this important and progressive organisation. It has as a frontispiece a photograph of the new surveying vessel (one of several possessed by the Survey) Hydrographer, commissioned in March 1931, and fully equipped with sound-ranging apparatus for depth-surveys sound-ranging is also used for locating the position of the ship from the shore at the time of each depth-measurement. The use of these methods has greatly increased the rapidity of the coastal survey work. The control survey work on land has also been rendered much more rapid and less expensive by abandoning the erection of the large wooden towers formerly used in flat or rolling country, at points about ten miles apart, to enable the observers to see across such distances over intervening trees and other obstructions. These towers were often 100 feet or more in height, each being double, so that the observer could walk on the outer platform, unconnected with the inner tower carrying the instrument. They contained large quantities of material, used once only, and required much time to erect. They are now replaced by portable steel towers, which can be erected by five men in less than a single working day, and used many times, their transport from one place to another being made by trailer trucks. An improved and smaller theodolite has also been devised and brought into use.

Plane and Geodetic Surveying

Plane and Geodetic Surveying

Geodetic Surveying

Geodetic Surveying

Geodetic Surveying and the Adjustment of Observations (Method of Least Squares)

Geodetic Surveying and the Adjustment of Observations (Method of Least Squares)

Geodetic Surveying, Topographical Work, and Map-Making in Madagascar, 1903

The year 1903 was a peculiarly fertile one in work pertaining to surveying, topographical, and ordnance maps in the different districts of Madagascar, by some of the most experienced and able officers of the army of occupation. To speak first of the geodetic survey of Madagascar. This has been carried out by three triangulations-one central, a line being drawn from Diego Suarez in the extreme north to Fort Dauphin, the two others along the coasts, and all connected by transversal section lines, so as to cover the whole island with a network of outlines, leaving the intermediate spaces to be filled up later on as information is forthcoming. Of these three systems of triangulation the central one and the west coast one (from Mojanga to St. Mary's Island) were surveyed previous to 1902. The third, which skirts the east coast, was undertaken in 1902, and surveyed over a distance of 1o6 miles, from Andovoranto to Mananjary, by officers of the French Colonial Artillery. Last year's work included the prolongation of this line from Mananjary southwards as far as Fort Dauphin, a distance of 248 miles, where it joined the central line drawn from Diego Suarez to that place; and the completion of a transversal section line from Fianarantsoa to Mananjary, which had been commenced in 1900.