Non-right-handedness (NRH), encompassing left-handedness and mixed-handedness, has been frequently reported at elevated rates in individuals with various psychiatric disorders. The consistency of this association across multiple conditions and its underlying mechanisms is the subject of ongoing investigation. This review synthesized current evidence to explore the association between NRH and psychiatric disorders from epidemiological, genetic, and neurobiological perspectives. We systematically identified and appraised relevant literature investigating NRH prevalence in psychiatric populations and potential explanatory mechanisms. Epidemiological evidence indicates an elevated prevalence of NRH, particularly within neurodevelopmental disorders. Potential contributing mechanisms identified include early developmental disruptions, shared genetic predispositions, and atypical patterns of brain lateralization. While the association between NRH and psychiatric conditions, especially neurodevelopmental disorders, is evident, the causal pathways and relative contributions of identified mechanisms are complex and debated. This review highlighted key areas requiring further research to elucidate these relationships.

Data on associations between genetic predisposition to high blood pressure (BP) and hypertension and its complications in non-European populations are limited. The current study investigated associations between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for BP and risks of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease in Northeast Asian populations. A genome-wide association study of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was conducted using data from the KoGES (Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study). Results were meta-analyzed using summary statistics from Biobank Japan to construct PRSs. Compared with a PRS in the lowest 5 percentiles, a PRS in the highest 5 percentiles was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], 2.44 [95% CI, 1.67-3.56] for PRS for SBP; and HR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.20-2.62] for PRS for DBP) and earlier onset of hypertension (by a median of 8.5 years for PRS for SBP and 8.0 years for PRS for DBP). These associations remained significant when continuous PRS was analyzed. The genetic risk of hypertension incidence was attenuated by moderate to vigorous physical activity. Adding the PRS for BP to the clinical risk factors improved the predictive value for hypertension (both area under the curve values, 0.787[95% CI, 0.771-0.803]; P=0.063 for PRS for SBP and [95% CI, 0.771-0.804]; P=0.031 for PRS for DBP). However, neither PRS for SBP nor PRS for DBP was associated with the incidence of cardiovascular or chronic kidney disease. The PRS for BP was associated with a higher risk of incident hypertension and earlier-onset hypertension in a Northeast Asian population. PRS may facilitate early identification and targeted management of individuals at high risk of developing hypertension.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common condition characterized by progressive hair loss, closely associated with androgen hormone activity and genetic predisposition. Although platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has gained attention for its regenerative potential and ability to stimulate follicular activity, the synergistic effect of combining PRP with mesotherapy remains unexplored. This case report presents a successful protocol involving a male patient with advanced AGA whose condition was further aggravated by chemical damage from a bleaching procedure. The therapeutic protocol included intradermal injections of PRP in combination with customized blends of active ingredients by mesotherapy, administered in multiple sessions. Quantitative photographic analysis revealed a visual increase in hair density, along with notable improvements in hair thickness and scalp health. The patient expressed great satisfaction with both the aesthetic results and scalp comfort. These results demonstrate the potential of an integrative PRP-mesotherapy approach as safe and effective treatment for patients with complex androgenetic alopecia.

Development of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines as neuroprotective agents targeting butyrylcholinesterase and cannabinoid CB2 receptor.

New frontiers in rheumatoid arthritis therapy: From classic DMARDs to biologics and beyond.

Antibiotic consumption, genetic risk and incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a prospective cohort study.

Accelerated Biological Aging, Genetic Predisposition, and Incident Valvular Heart Disease.

Germline Variants in Indian Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Familial Aggregation: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Genetic correlates of self-harm hospitalization: Insights from polygenic scores in the Taiwan Biobank.

Weight loss from glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists by genetic factors in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Investigating the causal relationships between lipid traits and dementia with lewy bodies: A mendelian randomization study.

Genetic and clinical characteristics associated with antidepressant-induced mania in depression patients.

Background: Testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) is a complex disorder of the male reproductive system related to disfunction of the fetal testis. The clinical features of TDS may be evident at birth or infancy (cryptorchidism, hypospadias and/or reduced anogenital distance) or occur later in adulthood (testis cancer, infertility). Genetic background seems to be important for genetic predisposition, with new genes being associated with components of the syndrome in last years. Interestingly, the incidence of clinical manifestations of TDS has been increasing in many countries in recent decades, suggesting that genetic predisposition alone cannot explain this trend. Consequently, the hypothesis of multifactorial etiopathogenesis is becoming increasingly accepted nowadays, with environmental factors probably acting during early developmental stages in genetically predisposed individuals. Methods: In this narrative review, we aim to critically evaluate genetic and non-genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of TDs. Results: Important associations with intrauterine growth disorders and maternal diseases (overweight/obesity and diabetes) as well as lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking and alcohol abuse) were found. In such context, endocrine disruptors probably play a major role. These substances are widely used in industry and can exert estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects, potentially interfering with the development of the fetal gonad. Conclusions: Considering their possible impact on male sexual health, more attention should be focused on maternal modifiable factors to confirm with prospective studies the mixed results of available evidence.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent chronic gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by persistent abdominal pain and abnormal bowel movements, such as constipation or diarrhea. While its exact etiology remains uncertain, several factors are believed to contribute, including stress, dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, immunological dysfunction, food allergies or intolerances, altered intestinal motility, physiological factors, and genetic predisposition. Symptoms associated with IBS, such as cramping, abdominal discomfort, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and constipation, can be mitigated through various nutritional interventions and dietary approaches. This review article seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing research on IBS and nutrition, highlighting both the physiological and behavioral significance of dietary factors in managing the condition and promoting overall health.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating the identification and analysis of key risk factors. This study examines the epidemiological effects of cardiovascular risk factors, such as heart rate variability (HRV) and electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and hypertension focusing on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in India, with a specific emphasis on the state of Madhya Pradesh. It investigates the relationship between heart rate (HR) and various risk factors associated with cardiovascular problems, along with an assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of cardiovascular health. Through a comprehensive analysis of epidemiological data, the study identifies key risk factors contributing to the prevalence of CVD in the region, including lifestyle habits, socio-economic factors, and genetic predispositions. Utilizing both crosssectional and longitudinal data, the research evaluates the impact of these risk factors on HR and HRV. Findings highlight significant correlations between elevated HR, reduced HRV, and increased cardiovascular risk, providing insights into the potential for HRV assessment as a diagnostic tool for early detection and management of CVD. This study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of cardiovascular health dynamics in Madhya Pradesh and offer evidencebased recommendations for public health interventions.

Dear Editor, Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common clinical oral mucosal disease having prevalence ranging from 5% to 25% in general population,1 with peak incidence in the second decade of life, and about 50%-60% in the professional population.2 The exact etiology of the RAS is unclear; however, it is thought that several factors such as local trauma, psychological stress, immune system imbalance and genetic predisposition factors may contribute to its development. Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis (RAS) episodes can significantly impair patients’ quality of life.3–5 Despite of its high prevalence,5 RAS remains underreported and often overlooked public health issue, largely due to limited number of research studies. One of the major challenges in the effective management of RAS is the unavailability of effective treatment options in the local market. Traditionally, topical corticosteroids, including Triamcinolone Acetonide (oral-base ointment), have long been recognized for their effectiveness in managing RAS manifestations by immune modulatory and anti- inflammatory actions.6 In recent times, this formulation has become unavailable in the local market, creating a challenge in the management of RAS for the clinicians and the patients. Although some alternate topical treatments are also available, which includes Lidocaine-CPC combination (pain relief and antiseptic), antifungals (like Miconazole, Nystatin), and antivirals (e.g Acyclovir), however these treatment options do not offer the .

ABSTRACT Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia in the absence of another cause. Our aim is to analyze mortality trends related to ITP in the United States (US) population from 1999 to 2022. Methods: We extracted age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 population for ITP-related deaths in the United States from 1999 to 2022 using the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database from 1999 to 2022. AAMRs were stratified by year, gender, race or ethnicity, and geographical distribution. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) through the Joinpoint Regression Program (V 5.1.0, National Cancer Institute). Results: From 1999 to 2022, a total of 17,069 ITP-related deaths occurred in the US. Males exhibited a higher overall AAMR (0.22) in comparison to females (0.17). NH Whites exhibited the highest overall AAMR (0.20). Stratification by geographical location revealed non-metropolitan areas to have a higher overall AAMR (0.24) than metropolitan areas (0.19). The Midwest exhibited the highest overall AAMR (0.22). Vermont (0.37), Rhode Island (0.35), and North Dakota (0.32) were among the states with the highest overall AAMR, whereas states on the other end of the spectrum included Nevada (0.13), the District of Columbia (0.14) and Louisiana (0.15). Conclusion: The disparities identified in our analysis, particularly among NH Whites, the elderly, and residents of the Midwest and rural areas, suggest underlying healthcare access issues, potential genetic predispositions, and regional differences in treatment strategies.

Scheuermann’s kyphosis (SK) is a rigid dorsal kyphosis of unclear pathophysiological origin. The aim of this review is to summarise current theories and both clinical and experimental findings regarding the underlying mechanisms of SK. Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of excessive mechanical loading as a major contributor to defective growth of the cartilaginous vertebral endplate. This is associated with the formation of Schmorl’s nodes, disruption of the ring apophysis, and compromised intervertebral disc integrity—ultimately resulting in vertebral body wedging and thickening of the anterior longitudinal ligament. In addition, numerous studies have investigated the genetic contribution and underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SK. Recent in vivo findings suggest an association between asymmetric mechanosensory activation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), contacting neurons, and defective Reissner fibre signalling, which may contribute to abnormal spinal morphogenesis in the sagittal thoracic plane. These findings indicate a potential link between altered CSF dynamics and the development of SK. Taken together, the evidence supports a multifactorial aetiology, with both genetic and biomechanical factors playing central roles in the development of Scheuermann’s kyphosis. The interpretation of the underlying pathophysiological mechanism could result in the early detection of the subjects that may have genetical predisposition for SK appearance and the development of target molecular treatments in order to counter the progression of the deformity.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading global cause of cancer-related deaths, influenced by both genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors. Inherited syndromes such as Lynch syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis account for a minority of cases, while modifiable risk factors like diet, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity significantly contribute to incidence rates. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric, has garnered interest due to its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, particularly in CRC prevention and therapy. Despite promising preclinical data, challenges such as poor bioavailability hinder its clinical translation. Innovative delivery systems are under development to enhance its therapeutic potential. This review explores CRC's epidemiology, risk factors, current treatments, and curcumin's emerging role in management strategies.

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. Recent advances have highlighted the importance of epitranscriptomic regulation, particularly N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases. Key m6A‑related genes, including the demethylases FTO and ALKBH5, the methyltransferase complex components METTL3 and METTL14, and m6A readers of the YTH domain family (e.g., YTHDF1, YTHDF2, YTHDC1), have been implicated in processes such as vascular homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and neuronal survival. Emerging evidence suggests that specific genetic variants within these genes (for e.g., FTO rs9939609, FTO rs17817449, ALKBH5 rs12936694, METTL3 rs1139130, and YTHDF/ YTHDC locus polymorphisms) may modulate individual susceptibility to ischemic stroke. In a real-world contexts, lifestyle and environmental exposures such as diet, smoking, physical activity, and air pollution may interact with these genetic factors, potentially modifying overall stroke risk. This is the first review to systematically highlight m6A-related genes as key interfaces linking genetic susceptibility with environmental exposures in ischemic stroke, emphasizing their potential role as dynamic environmental sensors translating exposure signals into transcriptional and phenotypic outcomes. Elucidating these complex interactions could inform strategies for stroke prevention and the development of personalized therapeutic approaches.