Generative Hyphae Research Articles

Three new wood-inhabiting fungi of Botryobasidium (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) from subtropical forests of Southwestern China.

The basidiomycete genus Botryobasidium is a resupinate saprotrophic with a global distribution range from coniferous to broad-leaved forest ecosystems. Though numerous species have been reported from Eurasia and North America, few have been described from China. In the current work, phylogenetic analyses of Botryobasidium in China were conducted based on the dataset of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit (LSU) of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree, and three new species, namely Botryobasidiumacanthosporum, B.leptocystidiatum and B.subovalibasidium, were described from subtropical forests of Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Botryobasidiumacanthosporum is characterized by having yellowish white to dark yellow basidiome, clavate to tubular cystidia, and subglobose to globose basidiospores with obtuse spines. Botryobasidiumleptocystidiatum is characterized by having fluffy to arachnoid, greyish white to ivory basidiome, generative hyphae with clamped, tubular cystidia, and subnavicular to navicular basidiospores. While, B.subovalibasidium is characterized by having yellowish to ivory basidiome, subovoid basidia, navicular to suburniform basidiospores, and thick-walled chlamydospores. These three new species are described and illustrated, and the discriminating characters between the new species and their closely related species are discussed. A key to known species of Botryobasidium in China is provided.

Morphological and molecular identification of Asterostroma roseoalbum sp. nov. (Peniophoraceae, Russulales), from southwestern China

ABSTRACT Asterostroma roseoalbum sp. nov. was found in Yunnan Province, China, is described here as a new species based on its morphology and phylogeny. Asterostroma roseoalbum is characterised by its felted-membranous to pellicular, fimbriate basidiomata with a smooth hymenophore and a dimitic hyphal system bearing generative hyphae with simple-septate and echinulate, subglobose to globose basidiospores measuring as 8–9.5 × 7–9 µm. Phylogenetic analyses of the new species were based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the new species belongs to the genus Asterostroma, and is closely related to two species A. macrosporum and A. muscicola. A full description, illustrations and phylogenetic analysis results of the new species are provided. Furthermore, a key to the genus Asterostroma in China is provided.

Stratocorticium sinensis gen. et sp. nov. and Cericium gloeocystidiatum sp. nov. (Cyphellaceae, Agaricales) from East Asia.

Cyphellaceae, a small and under-studied family of Agaricales, includes mostly saprophytic taxa with varied basidiomes. In this study, we focus on wood-decay species with corticioid or stereoid basidiomes. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated ITS-nrLSU sequences uncovered seven generic lineages of corticioid or stereoid fungi-Acanthocorticium, Cericium, Chondrostereum, Cunninghammyces, Gloeostereum, Granulobasidium, and Stratocorticium gen. nov. The genus Cericium is shown to be in the Cyphellaceae family, and two new species, Cericium gloeocystidiatum and Stratocorticium sinensis, are described from East Asia. Morphologically, Ce. gloeocystidiatum is characterized by resupinate basidiomes with smooth hymenophores, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and micro-binding hyphae, cystidia with resinous-like or golden yellow contents, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Stratocorticium is monotypic, differing from Cericium by a trimitic hyphal system of clamped generative, micro-binding, and brown, thick-walled skeletal-like hyphae, clavate to cylindrical cystidia with homogenous, colorless contents, and hyphidia. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the new taxa and Cericium luteoincrustatum, and a key to corticioid or stereoid genera in Cyphellaceae is included.

Four new species of Cortinariaceae (Agaricales) from Northwestern China.

Cortinariaceae, which belongs to the Agaricales order, is a globally recognized family, known for its high species diversity. Eight internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large ribosomal subunit (LSU) sequences were newly generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed by combining ITS and LSU datasets. Four species were identified as forming four independent lineages with robust support in phylogenies based on both datasets. These new species in the taxa, Cortinarius gansuensis, Cortinarius tricholomoidus, Cortinarius vinoso-griseum, and Phlegmacium subcalyptratum from Northwestern China are described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Cortinarius gansuensis is characterized by a convex and brownish vinaceous pileus, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and ellipsoid basidiospores (8.5-10.6 μm × 5.4-6.8 μm); Cortinarius tricholomoidus is characterized by a broadly umbonate and snuff brown pileus, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores (7.4-8.5 μm × 6.2-7.3 μm); Cortinarius vinoso-griseum is characterized by a violaceous gray pileus, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and smaller basidiospores (7.5-9.7 μm × 5.6-7.8 μm); and Phlegmacium subcalyptratum is characterized by a small and apricot-orange pileus, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and fusiform basidiospores (10.0-12.7 μm × 5.6-6.8 μm). Full descriptions, illustrations, and results of phylogenetic analyses of the four species along with discussions on related species are provided.

Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses reveal Scopuloides yunnanensis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a new wood-decaying fungus from China

Wood-decaying fungi, as crucial decomposers in forest ecosystems, have been the subject of meticulous research. In this study, a new wood-decaying fungal species, Scopuloides yunnanensis, found in Yunnan, China, is proposed. Scopuloides yunnanensis was identified based on a comprehensive analysis of its membranaceous basidiomata, generative hyphae, lamprocystidia, projecting cystidia, and allantoid basidiospores. In addition to the morphology, phylogenetic analyses of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers were performed with Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods, ensuring the robustness of our findings. The phylogenetic analysis showed that S. yunnanensis is sister to S. hydnoides. The new species’ description, illustrations, and results of the phylogenetic analysis are provided. In addition, an identification key to all Scopuloides species worldwide is provided.

Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new Hymenochaete species (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from China

Wood-inhabiting fungi play an essential role in forest ecosystems as an important group of decomposers, which are found in living trees, dead standing trees, decorticated trunks, fallen branches, as well as manufactured wood. A new wood-inhabiting fungus Hymenochaete sinensis, belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae, is described and illustrated based on the morphological characteristics and molecular data. Hymenochaete sinensis sp. nov. is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomata with aurantium to coconut brown to brownish black hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system having the simple-septate with distinctly thick-walled generative hyphae, and ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring as 4–5 × 2.5–3.5 µm. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS+nLSU rDNA sequences confirmed that the new species belongs to the genus Hymenochaete. The ITS phylogenetic tree revealed that the new taxon is closely related to species of Hymenochaete longispora and H. quercicola.

Notes on the Ecology and Distribution of Species of the Genera of Bondarzewiaceae (Russulales and Basidiomycota) with an Emphasis on Amylosporus.

The family Bondarzewiaceae is an important and diverse group of macrofungi associated with wood as white rotting fungi, and some species are forest tree pathogens. Currently, there are nine genera and approximately 89 species in the family, distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates. To address the phylogenetic relationships among the genera, a combined ITS-28S dataset was subjected to maximum likelihood (ML), Bayesian inference (BI), and time divergence analyses using the BEAST package. Both ML and BI analyses revealed two major clades, where one major clade consisted of Amylosporus, Stecchericium, and Wrightoporia austrosinensisa. The second major clade is composed of Bondarzewia, Heterobasidion, Gloiodon, Laurilia, Lauriliella, and Wrightoporia, indicating that these genera are phylogenetically similar. Wrightoporia austrosinensisa recovered outside of Wrightoporia, indicating that this species is phylogenetically different from the rest of the species of the genus. Similarly, time divergence analyses suggest that Bondarzewiaceae diversified around 114 million years ago (mya), possibly during the Early Cretaceous Epoch. The genus Amylosporus is well resolved within the family, with an estimated stem age of divergent around 62 mya, possibly during the Eocene Epoch. Further, the species of the genus are recovered in two sister clades. One sister clade consists of species with pileate basidiomata and generative hyphae with clamp connections, corresponding to the proposed section Amylosporus sect. Amylosporus. The other consists of species having resupinate basidiomata and generative hyphae without clamps, which is treated here as Amylosporus sect. Resupinati. We provided the key taxonomic characters, known distribution, number of species, and stem age of diversification of each section. Furthermore, we also described a new species, Amylosporus wadinaheezicus, from Oman, based on morphological characters of basidiomata and multigene sequence data of ITS, 28S, and Tef1-α. With pileate basidiomata and phylogenetic placement, the new species is classified under the proposed A. sect. Amylosporus. An identification key to the known species of Amylosporus is presented. Ecology and distribution of species of the genera in the family are discussed.

Phylogenetic and taxonomic evidence reveal Punctulariopsis yunnanensis sp. nov. (Punctulariaceae, Basidiomycota) from southwest China

A new wood-rotting fungal species, Punctulariopsis yunnanensis, is proposed based on a combination of morphology and molecular data. The species is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with a pinkish buff salmon hymenial surface, a monomitic system, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and subhymenial generative hyphae thick-walled, and the presence of dendrohyphidia, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7.8–12.8 × 6–9.8 µm. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS and nLSU nrDNA gene regions demonstrated that P. yunnanensis formed an independent lineage and was sister to P. subglobispora with strong statistical support. A full description, illustrations and phylogenetic analysis results of the new species are provided.

Peniophora salaccae sp. nov. (Russulales, Basidiomycota), a snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) pathogen from southern Thailand

The genus Peniophora is known to be distributed from boreal to tropical regions worldwide. During surveys of plant diseases in southern Thailand in 2022 and 2023, two specimens of rotten snake fruits (Salacca zalacca) were collected. The new species, P. salaccae, is described based on collections with morphological and molecular data. This species is characterized by orange-gray to brownish-orange basidiomes, simple-septate generative hyphae, brown lamprocystidia, subclavate to subcylindrical gloeocystidia, and subtriangular basidiospores. It can be distinguished from P. trigonosperma by its larger basidiospores and shorter lamprocystidia. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the large subunit (nrLSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) confirmed the position of the new species within the genus Peniophora. The full description, color photographs, illustrations, and the phylogenetic tree showing the position of P. salaccae are provided. Additionally, pathogenicity tests showed that P. salaccae could infect snake fruits, which developed the same symptoms under artificial inoculation conditions as those observed in the field.

Morphology and multigene phylogeny revealed four new species of Xylodon (Schizoporaceae, Basidiomycota) from southern China.

Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms on Earth, amongst which wood-inhabiting fungi play a crucial role in ecosystem processes and functions. Four new wood-inhabiting fungi, Xylodoncremeoparinaceus, X.luteodontioides, X.poroides and X.wumengshanensis are proposed, based on morphological features and molecular evidence. Xylodoncremeoparinaceus is distinguished by a cream hymenial surface with a pruinose hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodonluteodontioides is characterised by flavescens hymenophore surface with odontioid hymenophore, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodonporoides bears coriaceous basidiomata with a poroid hymenophore surface, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodonwumengshanensis is a distinct taxon by its grandinoid hymenophore surface, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and Bayesian Inference methods. The phylogram, based on the ITS+nLSU rDNA gene regions, included three genera within the Schizoporaceae as Fasciodontia, Lyomyces and Xylodon. The four new species were grouped into the genus Xylodon. The topology, based on the ITS sequences, revealed that Xylodoncremeoparinaceus was grouped closely with X.pruinosus, X.detriticus and X.ussuriensis. The taxon X.luteodontioides was sister to X.nesporii. The species X.poroides separated from X.pseudotropicus, while X.wumengshanensis was grouped with four taxa: X.patagonicus, X.radula, X.subtropicus and X.taiwanianus.

A new species of Fomes (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from southwestern China

The species diversity of Fomes in China has not been well studied, and all Fomes samples were previously identified as Fomes fomentarius based on morphology. Recent phylogenetic and morphological analyses on Fomes were carried out and one new species from Yunnan Province of southwest China, Fomes hengduanensis, was discovered. F. hengduanensis is characterized by perennial, pileate basidiomata with small ungulate pilei, greyish brown, fawn to dark grey, concentrically zonate and sulcate upper surface, greyish brown pore surface when fresh, distinct sterile margin, a trimitic hyphal system bearing clamp connections on generative hyphae, clavate to fusoid cystidioles, cylindrical basidiospores measuring 9.5–14 × 4.5–7 µm, and growing on Quercus semecarpifolia in montane forest. It differs from the most common species F. fomentarius by smaller basidiospores (9.5–14 × 4.5–7 µm vs. 15–21 × 5–7 µm), and also differs by the DNA sequences. We present the new species with illustrated description, molecular work and comparison with morphologically similar or related species.

Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Hyphoderma guangdongense (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), from China

Hyphoderma is one of the most important representative groups of wood-inhabiting fungi. These fungi secrete various enzymes capable of degrading cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin into simple inorganic substances. The taxa within the genus cause the white rot of wood, play a key role in the carbon cycle, and are the most efficient wood decomposers in the forest ecosystem. This study proposes a new wood-inhabiting fungal taxon, Hyphoderma guangdongense, based on morphological features and molecular evidence. It is characterized by the white hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system having the generative hyphae with clamp connections, the presence of the septate and tubular cystidia, and cylindrical basidiospores (6–10 × 3–5 µm). The phylogenetic tree inferred from a combination of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences revealed that H. guangdongense placed into the genus Hyphoderma, in which it is closely related to a clade comprising two taxa, H. setigerum, and H. floccosum. A full description, illustrations, and results of the new species' phylogenetic analysis are provided.

Taxonomic Re-Evaluation of the Genus Fuscoporia in the Republic of Korea Including Three Unrecorded Species

The genus Fuscoporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) comprises poroid white-rot fungi characterized by dark brown hymenial setae, a dimitic hyphal system, and encrusted generative hyphae. Despite the ecological and commercial significance of Fuscoporia species, their identification has been challenging owing to their morphological overlap with other genera of Hymenochaetaceae and to the limited resolution of nuclear ribosomal DNA markers. With the advances in molecular research, Fuscoporia has been revised to include species from Inonotus sensu lato and Phellinus sensu lato, and 71 new species have been reported over the past decade. In Korea, a comprehensive taxonomic study elucidating the true diversity of Fuscoporia is yet to be conducted. Among the 11 Fuscoporia species reported in Korea, two were identified solely based on morphological characteristics, and four were identified based on nuclear ribosomal DNA regions, which have limited resolution for species identification in Fuscoporia. To investigate the current status of Fuscoporia species native to Korea, we conducted a phylogenetic study using four genetic markers (ITS + nrLSU + RPB2 + TEF1), along with morphological characteristics, and re-analyzed the GenBank records deposited from Korea. Ten Fuscoporia species were identified, including three previously unrecorded species. A detailed description of the unrecorded species and a list of proposed Korean names for all Fuscoporia species in Korea are provided. This study will guide further taxonomic and applied research of Fuscoporia by providing a species identification key and a verified multigenetic database, in addition to confirming the sequences in public database.

Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses revealed four new wood inhabiting fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) in Xizang Autonomous Region, China.

Four new fungi from Xizang in southwest China, Caloceraramaria, Ceraceomycesrhizomorphus, Leptosporomyceslinzhiensis, and Ramariaxizangensis are described and illustrated based on the morphological and molecular evidence. Caloceraramaria is characterized by the ramal and bright orange basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with simple septa generative hyphae, usually 4-septate basidiospores; Ceraceomycesrhizomorphus is characterized by the cream to yellowish basidiomata with rhizomorphs, cylindrical basidiospores; Leptosporomyceslinzhiensis is characterized by white with pink basidiomata, cylindrical to oblong ellipsoid basidiospores; Ramariaxizangensis is characterized by flesh pink basidiomata, branched dichotomously in 4-5 ranks, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, ellipsoid to cylindrical and densely warted basidiospores.

Scytinostromabambusinum sp. nov. (Russulales, Basidiomycota) in China evidenced by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses.

Wood-rotting fungi as an important group within the Basidiomycota are known for their ecological role in the forest ecosystem in terms of decaying living and dead trees and recycling nutrients in forest ecosystems. Many new species were revealed in the last five years. In the present study, during an ongoing study on Scytinostroma, a new species of Scytinostroma was found from China. It is described and illustrated on the basis of the morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Scytinostromabambusinum sp. nov. is described as a new species, based on morphological and molecular evidence. It is characterised by annual, resupinate and broadly ellipsoid basidiomata with white to cream hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal structure with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, the presence of cystidioles and amyloid basidiospores measuring 5.5-7 × 4-5.3 µm. Phylogeny, based on molecular data of ITS and nLSU sequences, shows that the new species forms an independent lineage and is different in morphology from the existing species of Scytinostroma.

Luteoporia tenuissima sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), evidenced by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungus in the Polyporales, Luteoporia tenuissima, from southwest China, is described based on morphological and molecular evidence. Luteoporia tenuissima is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomata with lemon chrome pores when fresh, becoming cinnamon buff when dry, tissues becoming purple in KOH, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae thick-walled and bearing clamp connections, and ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores measuring 2.9–3.8 × 1.9–2.4 µm. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS + nLSU rDNA sequences shows that the new species belongs to Luteoporia, forming a monophyletic lineage with strong support, clustering with L. albomarginata and L. citriniporia. Both morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny confirm the placement of the new species within the genus Luteoporia. A full description, illustration, phylogeny of the new species, and comparisons with morphologically similar or phylogenetically related species are provided. In addition, an identification key is provided for the currently known Luteoporia species.

Morphological and molecular identification for four new wood-inhabiting species of Trechispora (Basidiomycota) from China.

Four new wood-inhabiting fungi, Trechisporaalbofarinosa, T.bisterigmata, T.pileata and T.wenshanensisspp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Trechisporaalbofarinosa is characterized by the farinose basidiomata with flocculence hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and ellipsoid, warted basidiospores. Trechisporabisterigmata is characterized by the membranous basidiomata with odontioid hymenial surface, rhizomorphic sterile margin, barrelled basidia and subglobose to broad ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores. Trechisporapileata is characterized by the laterally contracted base, solitary or imbricate basidiomata, fan shaped pileus, radially striate-covered surface with appressed scales, odontioid hymenophore surface, and subglobose to broad ellipsoid, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores. Trechisporawenshanensis is characterized by a cottony basidiomata with a smooth hymenial surface, and ellipsoid, thin-walled, warted basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and LSU marker of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS+nLSU sequences highlighted that four new species were grouped into the genus Trechispora.

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan Province, China

Wood-inhabiting fungi are a cosmopolitan fungal group worldwide. Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Rhodoantrodia purpurascens and Steccherinum wumengshanense are proposed based on a combination of the morphological features and molecular evidence. Rhodoantrodia purpurascens is characterized by the corky basidiomata with a pale lilac to lavender pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. Steccherinum wumengshanense is characterized by the corticoid basidiomata having a white to cream hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamp generative hyphae, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Full descriptions, photo plates and phylogenetic analysis results of the new species are provided.

Coltricia aridicola sp. nov. derived from the Coltricia perennis complex (Hymenochaetaceae) confirmed by molecular phylogeny

A new polypore in the family Hymenochaetaceae, Coltricia aridicola, is described and illustrated from China and the USA based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis. The species was found in northeast and southwest China and western USA, growing on soil in gymnosperm forests. It is characterized by an annual growth habit, centrally stipitate basidiocarps with regular pilei, pileal surface distinctly zonate, medium-sized pores as 3–4 per mm, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae with simple septa, the presence of antler-like hyphal elements at the pileal surface, contextual hyphae almost twice the diameter of the tramal hyphae, thick-walled, yellowish, cyanophilous, oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7–7.8 × 4.5–4.8 µm, and growth in dry environments such as burnt soil or open areas of ground in gymnosperm forests. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences showed that samples of C. aridicola nested in Coltricia, forming a monophyletic lineage with strong support (100 % BS, 100 % BP, 1.00 BPP). The differences between C. aridicola and its similar and related species in the genus are discussed.

Four New Fungal Species in Forest Ecological System from Southwestern China.

Four new wood-inhabiting fungi were found in Southwestern China within the genera Phanerochaete, Phlebiopsis, Asterostroma, and Vararia of the families Phanerochaetaceae and Peniophoraceae, belonging to the orders Polyporales and Russulales individually. Combined with their morphological characteristics and molecular biological evidence, the present study describes them as new fungal taxa. Asterostroma yunnanense is characterized by the resupinate, membranaceous to pellicular basidiomata with a cream to salmon-buff hymenial surface, hyphal system dimitic bearing simple-septa, thin- to thick-walled, yellowish brown asterosetae with acute tips, and thin-walled, echinulate, amyloid, globose basidiospores. Phanerochaete tongbiguanensis is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with a white to cream hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa generative hyphae, the presence of subclavate cystidia covered with a lot of crystals, and oblong ellipsoid basidiospores (6-9 × 3-4.5 µm). Phlebiopsis fissurata is characterized by the membranaceous, tuberculate basidiomata with a buff to slightly brown hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa, conical cystidia, and broadly ellipsoid. Vararia yingjiangensis is characterized by a corky basidiomata with a pinkish buff to cinnamon-buff hymenial surface, cracking, yellowish dichohyphae with slightly curved tips, subulate gloeocystidia, and thick-walled, ellipsoid basidiospores (6.5-11.5 × 5-7 µm). The phylogenetic analyses of ITS + nLSU revealed that the two new species were nested into the genera Phanerochaete and Phlebiopsis within the family Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales), in which Phanerochaete tongbiguanensis was sister to P. daliensis; Phlebiopsis fissurata was grouped with P. lamprocystidiata. Two new species were clustered into the genera Asterostroma and Vararia within the family Peniophoraceae (Russulales), in which Asterostroma yunnanense was sister to A. cervicolor; Vararia yingjiangensis formed a single branch.