General Tendency Research Articles

The Impact of Technostress Generated by Artificial Intelligence on the Quality of Life: The Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affect

In the era of Artificial Intelligence, the magic of achieving results at the “speed of light” for tasks that until recently required a lot of work and effort shocks, arouses enthusiasm and generates fears at the same time. Therefore, starting from this reality of our days, we proposed within the current research to study the relationship between the factors of technostress (techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity, techno-uncertainty) perceived as a result of the implementation of AI at the societal level and the quality of life, filtering the relationship through the “lens” of the positive and negative affect mediators. The mediation analyses, conducted on a sample of 217 adult Romanian citizens (18–62 years old), suggested that although AI-related technostress does not directly influence quality of life, it has a significant indirect impact through affective traits—general tendencies to frequently experience positive or negative emotions. This indicates that technostress contributes to variations in quality of life by influencing emotional experiences, which mediate the relationship. These findings emphasize not only the absence of a direct effect, but also the importance of the indirect pathway in understanding how individuals are affected by AI-related stress. We believe that the results of the current study can be equally useful in raising awareness of the psychological mechanisms responsible for the quality of life and in understanding the importance of implementing official programs, both technically, regarding the development of skills to understand and work with AI, and psychological support programs, considering the management of emotions, with reference to this technology.

Evaluating the discrepancies between evidence-based and community standard practices in the endoscopic examination of Barrett's esophagus: a nationwide survey in Japan.

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a known precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). EAC is comparatively rare in Japan compared to Western countries, where BE management guidelines have been well established based on robust evidence. This study evaluated for gaps between evidence-based medicine (EBM) and real-world clinical practice for BE management in Japan and examined endoscopist adherence to Japanese and Western guidelines. A nationwide survey consisting of 19 questions was conducted among Japanese endoscopists to assess their diagnostic and surveillance practices for BE. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to interpret key data. Responses from 804 endoscopists revealed significant differences between Western guidelines and Japanese practices. Local adherence to standardized inspection times was 7.6%, and 30.7% of endoscopists used the Prague classification. Biopsies for BE diagnosis and random biopsies following the Seattle protocol were rarely performed. For long-segment BE, 51.4% of respondents reported using magnifying endoscopy. Regarding ultra-short-segment BE (USSBE), opinions were divided on whether it should be diagnosed as BE and if patients should be informed of its diagnosis. Approximately 40% of respondents advocated annual surveillance for USSBE, with a general tendency to recommend closer follow-up regardless of BE length as compared with Western guidelines. This survey highlighted several incongruities between EBM and real-world practices for BE, as well as differences between Western and Japanese approaches. Bridging these gaps will require generating more Japan-specific evidence, refining guidelines, and then promoting their dissemination to harmonize best BE practices with international standards and Japanese clinical settings.

Evaluating primary tumor position variation for rectal cancer patients treated with long course radiotherapy.

To quantify interfraction shape and positional variations of primary tumor volumes for rectal cancer patients receiving long course radiotherapy (LCRT) by comparing two quantification strategies: a center-of-mass (COM) method and a surface-based metric that captures local deformations.

Approach: This study utilized repeat MRI scans before and during radiotherapy (RT) for rectal cancer to investigate the positional variation of the primary gross tumor volume (GTVp). Sixteen patients underwent six MRI exams, with the initial three before the RT course and the subsequent three at one, two, and four weeks into the RT course. GTVp's were delineated on 3D T2-weighted MRIs, and positional variation analyzed using both COM and point-based surface displacements against the initial scan. Surface displacements were quantified using a bidirectional local distance measure, analyzing 3D displacement vectors. Additionally, the study examined local right-left (RL) and anterior-posterior (AP) surface variations relative to tumor height in the rectum by mapping baseline GTVp volumes onto a reference rectum structure.

Main results: Systematic error for COM measurements were 1.7 mm, 1.3 mm and 2.0 mm for AP, RL, and cranial-caudal (CC) direction, respectively. Random errors were 2.1 mm, 1.2 mm and 2.2 mm, while the GM errors were -0.3, 0.5 mm and -0.3 mm for AP, RL, and CC directions, respectively. An increase in systematic and random errors were observed when comparing 95th percentile surface displacements to the COM measurements, indicating local displacements which the COM did not detect. Additionally, a general tendency for higher-located tumors to experience larger LR and AP surface variations were seen when evaluating the 95th percentile.

Significance: COM-based analysis might underestimate local deformations. Consequently, surface-based methods might provide more robust estimations of systematic, random and group mean errors for PTV-margin calculation. The surface variations tend to increase for tumors located in the upper part of the rectum.&#xD.

Sex hjälpverb och deras historia

In her dissertation Aspektuella hjälpverb i svenskan, Maria Bylin investigates the evolution of six aspectual auxiliaries in Swedish (bruka ‘use to’, tendera ‘tend to’, börja ‘begin’, fortsätta ‘continue’, sluta ‘stop’ and hota ‘threaten’). The study is conducted within the framework of grammaticalization, and Bylin’s primary method is to apply so-called auxiliary tests on a historical material covering texts from the 11th to the 21st century in order to examine when and how each of these verbs developed their auxiliary features. The findings indicate that there are some general tendencies and paths that most or all verbs seem to follow in their development, but that at the same time all verbs under investigation show individual deviations from the predictions created by auxiliation theory. Another goal of the study was to evaluate the validity of different auxiliary tests as indicators of auxiliary function. An important finding here is that the development of most auxiliaries is characterized by layering, i.e. typically, the relevant verbs come to be used in several functions (e.g. both as a main verb and as an auxiliary) simultaneously. A consequence of this is that such tests which indicate the absence of main verb properties reveal merely something about the presence or absence of layering and that hence tests which show the development of new auxiliary properties are more reliable indicators of auxiliary function. For Bylin, the most central criterion of auxiliation is the ability of the auxiliary to function together with a non-finite verb as a single predicate with shared arguments, which is most clearly indicated by the auxiliary’s ability to occur in a passive raising construction. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of the more general question of how the category of auxiliaries should be defined and demarcated.

Validation of the Hungarian Version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-7)

The aim of the study is the adaptation of the 7-item version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-7) for the Hungarian sample. The factor structure of CFQ-7, the invariance of the structure in different groups, and its relationship with depression, anxiety and stress were previously confirmed by several different studies. This study discusses these analyses within one framework, and the invariance between the different subgroups in a broader context. The sample consisted of 1231 participants (average age 29.35, SD = 11.10). Mainly women took part in the study (n = 805, 75.56%). Most participants were single (n = 494, 41.1%) and had a secondary school degree (714, 58.0%). The participants completed the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-7), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), Satisfaction With Life Survey (SWLS) and White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI). The results confirm the one-factor structure of the CFQ-7 (χ2 = 69.24, df = 12, p <.001, χ2/df = 5.37, CFI = 0.985, TLI = 0.974, RMSEA = 0.062 [90% CI 0.048, 0.077], SRMR = 0.020.) with adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.918) and test-retest reliability (r =.665). The measurement tool shows configural, metric, and scalar invariance in groups separated by age, gender, education and psychological treatment history. Its strong correlation with psychological inflexibility (AAQ-II) and general tendency to suppress thoughts (WBSI) (r =.79 and r =.62); moderate correlation with general psychological distress (DASS-21; r =.59), depression (r =.57), anxiety (r =.59) and stress (r =.61); finally life satisfaction (SWLS; r = −.38) proves external validity of the CFQ-7. The one-factor structure of the questionnaire was confirmed, and its items can be well adapted to Acceptance Commitment Therapy, and also to Cognitive Therapy interventions. Its factorial invariance can be confirmed in different groups. However due to the characteristics of the sample - mainly women, young adults and those without a psychiatric history participated in the study -, further examination of the CFQ-7 in a clinical sample with current psychiatric conditions would be useful.

말뭉치 분석을 통한 관형격조사 ‘의’의 사용 양상 분석 - 특정성, 개별성 의미의 반영을 중심으로

Journal of the International Network for Korean Language and Culture 22-1, 1-38. The purpose of this study is to present the results of a corpus-based descriptive analysis to help Korean language learners understand the usage patterns of the genitive case marker ‘ui’(similar to ‘of’ in English, for example). To this end, the study focused on the semantic features of specificity and individuality, which influence the combination of ‘ui’, and examined the relationship between these meanings and the use or omission of ‘ui’. For this purpose, a corpus consisting of approximately 90,000 morphemes was analyzed. As a result, in ‘N1 ui N2’ constructions, the frequency of ‘ui’ tends to increase when ‘ui’ expresses specificity and when N1, as a plural entity, conveys individuality. Conversely, when N1 is expressed as an attribute or is mentioned collectively, the frequency of ‘ui’ usage tends to decrease. Additionally, although general tendencies were observed, numerous exceptions to these patterns occurred, so the tendencies of ‘ui’ usage were presented through ratios. This study provides both semantic and quantitative insights into the usage patterns of ‘ui’, offering a valuable reference for educational purposes based on authentic linguistic data. (Seoul National University)

Аналіз стану соціально-психологічної адаптації, поведінкового репертуару і соціальної підтримки як базових параметрів психосоціального функціонування хворих з бойовою черепно-мозковою травмою в анамнезі залежно від її тяжкості та тривалості

Relevance. The conditions of martial law in the territory of Ukraine and its consequences affect the mental state of military personnel and the civilian population of the country, cause the emergence of a constant stressful state, the psychological consequences of which are very dangerous, lead to the deterioration of socio-psychological adaptation, mental health disorders: changes in the mental state due to constant anxiety, "expectation of the bad", suffering, acute reactions to stress, exacerbation of mental illnesses, alcohol and drug abuse, the development of depression and anxiety states. Aims. To analyze the state of socio-psychological adaptation, behavioral repertoire and social support as the main parameters of psychosocial functioning of patients with a history of combat traumatic brain injury depending on its severity and duration, to determine the directions of differentiation of therapeutic and rehabilitation approaches to this category of patients. Materials and methods. The features of the severity of psychopathological symptoms, including depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic, were studied in 350 patients with TBI of varying severity due to the action of a blast wave, taking into account the time elapsed since the injury. For this purpose, in each group according to the severity of TBI (mild (145 patients), moderate (125 people), severe (80 patients)), we identified three subgroups. Thus, the following groups of subjects were formed in the study: patients with mild TBI and the duration from the moment of injury to our examination from 6 to 12 months, numbering 35 patients; patients with mild TBI and the duration from the moment of injury from 1 to 3 years, numbering 60 patients; patients with mild TBI and the duration from the moment of injury from 4 to 7 years, numbering 50 patients; patients with moderate TBI and duration from the moment of injury from 6 to 12 months, in the number of 30 patients; patients with moderate TBI and duration from the moment of injury from 1 to 3 years, in the number of 45 patients; patients with moderate TBI and duration from the moment of injury from 4 to 7 years; patients with severe TBI and duration from the moment of injury from 6 to 12 months, in the number of 20 patients; patients with severe TBI and duration from the moment of injury from 1 to 3 years, in the number of 30 patients; patients with severe TBI and duration from the moment of injury from 4 to 7 years. The study of the features of psychosocial functioning was carried out using the methodology of the study of socio-psychological adaptation of K. Rogers - R. Diamond, the method of "Coping-test" by R. Lazarus and the Multidimensional Scale of Social Support. Results and discussion. The study of the features of the state of socio-psychological adaptation, taking into account the time since the TBI, allowed us to establish that the state of socio-psychological adaptation was characterized by a decrease in indicators characterizing adaptation and an increase in indicators characterizing maladaptive tendencies, with an increase in the duration of the disease. The study of the features of the coping repertoire in patients with different severity and the same duration of the disease revealed significant differences in the severity of different coping strategies in different groups. Analysis of the features of social support of patients with TBI of different severity, taking into account the duration of the disease, revealed a general tendency to reduce the level of social support with an increase in the duration of the disease. Conclusions. A clear trend towards worsening socio-psychological adaptation as the duration of the disease increases, regardless of the severity of TBI. In the coping repertoire of patients with TBI due to the action of the blast wave, a general pattern of increasing the expressiveness of non-constructive strategies and decreasing the expressiveness of constructive ones as the duration of the disease increases was revealed.

An ecological momentary assessment study assessing repetitive negative thinking as a predictor for psychopathology

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT), an important transdiagnostic process, is commonly assessed using trait questionnaires. While these instruments ask respondents to estimate their general tendency towards RNT, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) allows to assess how much individuals actually engage in RNT in their daily lives. In a sample of N = 1,176 adolescents and young adults, we investigated whether average levels of RNT assessed via EMA predicted psychopathological symptoms. Adjusting for trait RNT measures and baseline scores on outcome measures, we found that average levels of RNT assessed via EMA significantly predicted higher depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as lower mental well-being at baseline, one-, three-, and twelve-month follow-up. Exploratory analyses of the association between temporal dynamics of RNT (e.g., RNT inertia) and psychopathological symptoms yielded inconsistent results. The high predictive power of average scores on the EMA-based RNT measure suggests that EMA is a promising tool for assessing RNT.

The Inauthentic Online Self: Perceptions of Naturalness Drive Judgments of Authenticity

People sometimes behave differently depending on whether they are interacting online (by email, social media, etc.) vs. interacting in person. Four studies test the hypothesis that when an agent’s behavior is different online vs. in person, people think that the online behavior is less reflective of who the agent truly is deep down. Study 1 found that the very same behavior is regarded as less reflective of the true self when it is performed online. Study 2 showed that this effect is not merely a matter of perceived impression management. Study 3 found that there is a general tendency such that behavior is seen as more reflective of the true self when it is performed in an environment regarded as “natural.” In Study 4, a manipulation that led participants to see online behavior as more natural had a downstream effect on the degree to which this behavior was seen as reflecting the true self. Taken together, these results suggest that people’s judgments about online behavior are not simply a reflection of idiosyncratic facts about the online sphere in particular but are instead driven in part by a far more general psychological process involving perceptions of naturalness.

Developing a General Construal Questionnaire.

thinking and concrete thinking shape how we interpret and interact with the world. One of the most influential approaches to abstract and concrete construals is Construal Level Theory, which has primarily taken a situational approach to studying construal level. The current research develops the General Construal Questionnaire to measure individuals' general tendencies toward abstract and concrete thinking, opening possibilities for new research that extends past the focus on situational construal. Distinguishing abstract and concrete construals as distinct factors reveals that they have unique effects. Abstract construal correlates with extraversion, openness to experience, a focus on the future, promotion, and desirability, a preference for cognition, tolerance for uncertainty, and a tendency to perceive similarities, stereotype, and evaluate. Concrete construal correlates with conscientiousness, a focus on the present, prevention, and feasibility, a preference for certainty and perfectionism, and a tendency to perceive differences and make daily progress.

Substrate specificities of two ketosynthases in eukaryotic microalgal and prokaryotic marine bacterial DHA synthases

Highly reducing iterative polyketide synthases (HR-iPKSs) are huge enzyme complexes with multiple catalytic domains that biosynthesize polyketides by intrinsically programmed iterative carbon chain extensions and reductions. Unlike most HR-iPKSs, which possess a single ketosynthase (KS) domain for all carbon chain elongations, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthases contain two KS domains. We previously examined the substrate specificities of two KS domains of prokaryotic marine PUFA synthases with several acyl-ACP intermediates and showed that the two KS domains are utilized differentially depending on the carbon chain length. In this study, we investigated two KS domains in a eukaryotic microalgal DHA synthase, KSA and KSB, which show low similarities to those of prokaryotic marine enzymes, together with almost all the acyl-ACP intermediates. C6-, C12-, and C18-ACPs were exclusively accepted by KSA while KSB utilized C-8. C14- and C20-ACPs. In contrast, both KSA and KSB showed activities against C2-, C4-, and C10-ACPs. A general tendency was observed in which both the prokaryotic KS and the eukaryotic KS recognized the acyl structures in the vicinity of the thioester in ACP substrates except for short-chain substrates.

Sound Symbolism in Speakers of English: A Qualitative Synthesis

The present article contains a systematic synthesis of behavioral studies of sound symbolism&amp;mdash;associations of speech sounds and their features with certain semantic or perceptual features&amp;mdash;among speakers of English. We first offer a cut-through view of the concepts and ideas relevant to the study of sound symbolism, including empirical approaches and proposed explanations of this phenomenon, and the association mechanisms that it might involve. In light of these theoretical considerations, we present the associations between phoneme features and semantic dimensions, such as size, shape, etc., identified in the systematically compiled behavioral experiments. We pay attention to the most consistent associations and attempt to derive more general tendencies while also considering the magnitude of the effects and noting the limitations of the approach. At the end of the article, a hypothetical explanation of such association patterns is proposed, stipulating that they align along the perceived complexity of the sound wave, measured in terms of its entropy.

More Complex Constrained Language? An Investigation on Nominal Complexity in Constrained Spoken English Varieties of ESL, EFL, and Interpreted English

ABSTRACTWhile previous research has established nominal complexity as a key indicator of grammatical complexity, its multi‐dimensional manifestation in constrained varieties remains underexplored. This study investigates the distribution of complex nominal structures in constrained spoken English varieties, specifically English as a Second Language (ESL), English as a Foreign Language (EFL), and Interpreted English, compared to non‐constrained, L1 English. Drawing on data from the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE) and a self‐compiled corpus of interpreted English, this study examines various structural types of noun modification in constrained English varieties and explores how language proficiency and task topic influence patterns of nominal complexity. Results indicate a general tendency across constrained varieties to favor phrasal over clausal noun modification, suggesting a potential impact of limited exposure to diverse registers and modalities of English. Interestingly, while language proficiency level does not significantly affect the distribution of complex nominal structures, task topic emerges as a significant factor influencing their deployment, highlighting the role of communicative contexts in shaping grammatical choices. By shedding light on language production within the constraints of bilingual activation, this study contributes valuable insights to theories of second language acquisition and informs pedagogical approaches in ESL/EFL and interpreter training.

ANALYSIS OF THE ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF MICROFLORA IN PATIENTS WITH PURULENT WOUNDS IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

Aims: To compare the etiological structure of pathogens in patients with purulent wounds in hospitals in Grodno and Vitebsk.Methods: The analysis of the results of microbiological studies in patients with purulent wounds who were treated at the Municipal Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine of Grodno and the Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital in 2016-2023 was performed. A complex of bacteriological studies has been carried out. The species was determined on the ATB Expression BioMerieux biochemical analyzer (France).Results: The analysis of the seeded microflora in patients with purulent wounds in hospitals in Grodno and Vitebsk showed that the leading role as an etiological factor is occupied by representatives of the genus Staphylococcus, the family Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosа and A. baumannii. K. pneumoniae is the leader among enterobacteria. Сoagulase-negative staphylococci and enterobacteria are more common in Grodno, and P. aeruginosа and A. baumannii are more common in Vitebsk. ESKAPE pathogens predominate in Vitebsk.Conclusion: In different regions of the Republic of Belarus, there are individual differences in the species structure of pathogens of purulent processes of soft tissues, however, in general, there is a general tendency for the growth of the most dangerous pathogens of the “ESKAPE pathogen” group for patients. This indicates a gradual decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy, which dictates the need to search for new means of combating such microorganisms, one of the variants of which may be metal nanoparticles.

Multi-dimensional social relationships shape social attention in monkeys.

Social relationships guide individual behavior and ultimately shape the fabric of society. Primates exhibit particularly complex, differentiated, and multidimensional social relationships, which form interwoven social networks, reflecting both individual social tendencies and specific dyadic interactions. How the patterns of behavior that underlie these social relationships emerge from moment-to-moment patterns of social information processing remains unclear. Here, we assess social relationships among a group of four monkeys, focusing on aggression, grooming, and proximity. We show that individual differences in social attention vary with individual differences in patterns of general social tendencies and patterns of individual engagement with specific partners. Oxytocin administration altered social attention and its relationship to both social tendencies and dyadic relationships, particularly grooming and aggression. Our findings link the dynamics of visual information sampling to the dynamics of primate social networks.

Who tends to perceive other people as useful objects? The relationship between the general tendency to objectify other people and basic and dark personality traits

BackgroundObjectification involves perceiving and instrumentally treating other people as mere tools useful for satisfying the perceiver’s goals. While several situational factors facilitating objectification have been identified, only a few studies have examined personal predictors of objectification. To find out more about personality correlates of the objectifying approach towards other people, we examined its relationship with basic and dark personality traits.Participants and procedureThe sample comprised 372 participants (222 women), ranging in age from 18 to 55 years (M = 34.14, SD = 8.48). To measure study variables, we used a modified version of the Objectification Scale (objectification), the IPIP-BFM-20 (Big Five personality dimensions), DTDD-P (dark personality traits of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy), HSNS (vulnerable narcissism), PES (psychological entitlement), IES (interpersonal exploitativeness), PRNS (positive reciprocity norms), and NRNS (negative reciprocity norms).ResultsWe found that, when controlling for other personality variables and demographics, agreeableness, intellect, and a tendency to use positive norms of reciprocity negatively predicted objectification, and exploitativeness and entitlement were positively associated with the general tendency to objectify others.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a propensity for objectification is predicted by an unwillingness to maintain positive relationships with others, lower intellectual openness, higher entitlement and exploitativeness, and low tendency to positively respond to others’ favors. The associations with these personality traits may allow for better understanding of – typical for objectification – high focus on fulfilling one’s own interests and readiness to exploit others while disregarding their interests and ignoring human attributes such as subjectivity and uniqueness.

Spatial and temporal patterns and influential factors of ancient architectural heritage in Shanxi Province

ABSTRACT Ancient architecture in Shanxi Province, China, is a bright pearl in the history of Chinese architecture. Taking 421 ancient architectures as the research object and using the quantitative geographic analysis method, this study systematically analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution patterns of ancient architectures in Shanxi Province, while identifying the main factors affecting this distribution. The results of this study include: (1) The spatiotemporal characteristics of this distribution show that the number, distribution range, and center of gravity of ancient architectures in Shanxi Province had changed over time. The centers demonstrated a general tendency to gradually shift from Linfen and Changzhi to the western part of Jinzhong City. (2) The spatial distribution of ancient architectures is relatively centralized and uneven, forming three high-density core areas centered. There are significant differences in the types of the ancient architectures, with non-equilibrium structure type characteristics. (3) Natural factors and cultural factors had a significant impact on the spatial pattern of ancient architecture. Exploring and studying the spatiotemporal layouts and influencing factors of such ancient architectures is conducive to understanding their development and historical changes while providing references for subsequent spatial integration and protection of ancient architectures in Shanxi Province, to boost their value inheritance and sustainable research and conservation.

Because it is fun! Individual differences in effort enjoyment belief relate to behavioral and physiological indicators of effort-seeking.

Effort is commonly characterized as a negative, unpleasant experience. This research explores the extent to which individuals vary in whether they believe effort to be enjoyable or aversive and how this relates to a range of behavioral and physiological indicators of effort exertion. In five studies (N = 2,338), participants either completed an Effort Enjoyment Belief Scale or were experimentally led to believe that effort is enjoyable or aversive. Across our studies, descriptive analyses of the Effort Enjoyment Belief Scale revealed no general tendency among participants to perceive effort as aversive; instead, some participants tended to endorse a belief that effort is enjoyable. Both measured and manipulated effort enjoyment belief predicted difficulty selection on an arithmetic task. Further, the belief predicted effort exertion as assessed via cardiovascular measurements (β-adrenergic sympathetic activity) and was associated with high school grades and subjective evaluation of academic success at university. These results imply that the subjective cost or value of effort may be affected by (social) learning experiences, shaping individuals' effort enjoyment belief and, in turn, their tendency to approach or avoid demanding tasks and the exertion of effort. Thus, when modeling behavior as the result of a cost-benefit analysis, effort may not contribute exclusively to the costs but also add value to a course of action, depending on individuals' effort enjoyment belief. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Self-Concept Clarity and Appearance Comparisons in Everyday Life

Self-Concept Clarity and Appearance Comparisons in Everyday Life

INVESTING IN WORKS OF ART: ANALYSIS OF THE GLOBAL ART MARKET DYNAMICS AND CURRENT TRENDS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

The article conducts a comprehensive study of the global art market, highlighting its key development trends. It is substantiated that successful investments depend on such factors as the artist’s reputation, uniqueness of artwork, market trends, and historical value. The research utilizes quantitative and qualitative research methods. The key art indices are analyzed to track the performance of the global art market, helping investors to understand the general tendencies and volatility of this type of investment. It is proved that the art market is characterized by volatility and dependence on macroeconomic changes. In particular, in 2020- 2024, the market showed both ups and downs, with a gradual recovery in 2025. Despite the risks, art remains an attractive option for diversifying an investment portfolio, especially for collectors and investors interested in long-term profit.