General Role Research Articles

Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery: Postoperative Quality of Life in Ethiopian Women.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has a profound influence on a woman's quality of life (QoL). Assessment of QoL using patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in pelvic organ prolapse surgery is common practice in developed countries, but despite the burden of POP in developing countries, such as Ethiopia, the use of PROs to record preoperative and postoperative QoL scores is limited. This study is aimed at assessing the QoL among Ethiopian women with POP before and after surgery using the validated Pelvic Organ Quality of Life (P-QoL) questionnaire.Additionally, we will compare postoperative QoL measurements of reconstructive procedures with those of obliterative procedures. This is a prospective observational study conducted at a single hospital in Ethiopia on women who were scheduled for surgery for symptomatic POP. Patients' QoL was assessed preoperatively using the P-QoL questionnaire and at each subsequent follow-up visit for 1 year (3, 6, 9, and 12months). Patients undergoing an obliterative procedure were evaluated and compared with those having reconstructive procedures. The mean score for general health perceptions, prolapse impact, role limitations, physical limitations, social limitations, and emotions was 0 at 12 months postoperatively. Despite significant improvements from baseline, personal relationships, sleep or energy disturbance, and symptom severity measures continued to negatively impact QoL at 12 months postoperatively. Quality of life among Ethiopian women with POP is poor across all domains. Native tissue repair employing either reconstructive or obliterative methods significantly improves QoL across all domains up to 12months postoperatively. The use of validated tools to assess PROs is essential to provide evidence-based care that improves QoL in ways that are meaningful to patients.

Antisense transcription from stress-responsive transcription factors fine-tunes the cold response in Arabidopsis.

Transcription of antisense long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) occurs pervasively across eukaryotic genomes. Only a few antisense lncRNAs have been characterized and shown to control biological processes, albeit with idiosyncratic regulatory mechanisms. Thus, we largely lack knowledge about the general role of antisense transcription in eukaryotic organisms. Here, we characterized genes with antisense transcription initiating close to the poly(A) signal of genes (PAS genes) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We compared plant native elongation transcript sequencing (plaNET-seq) with RNA sequencing during short-term cold exposure and detected massive differences between the response in active transcription and steady-state levels of PAS gene-derived mRNAs. The cold-induced expression of transcription factors B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN28 (BBX28) and C2H2-TYPE ZINC FINGER FAMILY PROTEIN5 (ZAT5) was detected by plaNET-seq, while their steady-state level was only slightly altered due to high mRNA turnover. Knockdown of BBX28 and ZAT5 or of their respective antisense transcripts severely compromised plant freezing tolerance. Decreased antisense transcript expression levels resulted in a reduced cold response of BBX28 and ZAT5, revealing a positive regulatory role of both antisense transcripts. This study expands the known repertoire of noncoding transcripts. It highlights that native transcription approaches can complement steady-state RNA techniques to identify biologically relevant players in stress responses.

Mechanosensitive Piezo channels and their potential roles in peripheral auditory perception

AbstractHearing sound and responding to external and internal mechanical stimuli requires specific proteins as mechanotransducers that convert mechanical forces into biological signals. However, our understanding of the mechanotransduction process in the inner ear is still incomplete. Mechanically activated ion channels, PIEZO1 and PIEZO2, are widely distributed throughout the body and play essential roles. Recent studies have discovered that Piezo channels are expressed in inner ear hair cells, suggesting their potential involvement in auditory perception. This review summarizes the existing discoveries about the Piezo channels, including their structure, mechanogating mechanisms, and general physiological roles, explicitly focusing on Piezo channels in the auditory systems. Piezo channels play roles in ultrasound perception, generation of anomalous current, hair cell development, and potentially in the normal mechanoelectrical transduction process of hair cells. Collectively, this review aims to provide a new perspective on the Piezo channel and its potential roles in auditory perception.

A Humanized Yeast Model for Studying TRAPP Complex Mutations; Proof-of-Concept Using Variants from an Individual with a TRAPPC1-Associated Neurodevelopmental Syndrome.

Variants in membrane trafficking proteins are known to cause rare disorders with severe symptoms. The highly conserved transport protein particle (TRAPP) complexes are key membrane trafficking regulators that are also involved in autophagy. Pathogenic genetic variants in specific TRAPP subunits are linked to neurological disorders, muscular dystrophies, and skeletal dysplasias. Characterizing these variants and their phenotypes is important for understanding the general and specialized roles of TRAPP subunits as well as for patient diagnosis. Patient-derived cells are not always available, which poses a limitation for the study of these diseases. Therefore, other systems, like the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can be used to dissect the mechanisms at the intracellular level underlying these disorders. The development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in yeast has enabled a scar-less editing method that creates an efficient humanized yeast model. In this study, core yeast subunits were humanized by replacing them with their human orthologs, and TRAPPC1, TRAPPC2, TRAPPC2L, TRAPPC6A, and TRAPPC6B were found to successfully replace their yeast counterparts. This system was used for studying the first reported individual with an autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic TRAPPC1 variants, a girl with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder and myopathy. We show that the maternal variant (TRAPPC1 p.(Val121Alafs*3)) is non-functional while the paternal variant (TRAPPC1 p.(His22_Lys24del)) is conditional-lethal and affects secretion and non-selective autophagy in yeast. This parallels defects seen in fibroblasts derived from this individual which also showed membrane trafficking defects and altered Golgi morphology, all of which were rescued in the human system by wild-type TRAPPC1. This study suggests that humanized yeast can be an efficient means to study TRAPP subunit variants in the absence of human cells and can assign significance to variants of unknown significance (VUS). This study lays the foundation for characterizing further TRAPP variants through this system, rapidly contributing to disease diagnosis.

HIV-1 and IgA Antibodies: Interactions and implications

Antibodies, particularly Immunoglobulin A (IgA), play a crucial role in mucosal tissues as immune effectors against pathogens and as immunomodulators of the microbiota. During infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a systemic and mucosal IgA antibody response is triggered. Although naturally produced serum IgA specific to HIV-1 envelope protein are quantitatively and qualitatively lower than their IgG counterparts, they also possess antiviral properties such as neutralization and Fc-dependent effector functions. Neutralizing IgA antibodies can block mucosal transmission of HIV-1 in animal models, suggesting that their induction through vaccination could be pivotal for infection prevention. Recently, broadly neutralizing IgA antibodies have been identified in some individuals living with HIV-1. Given the potential for vaccination to induce these mucosally protective antibodies, research efforts are needed to better understand their development and functions. This review discusses the general roles of IgA antibodies in homeostasis and antimicrobial immunity, and explores their implications in antibody responses during HIV-1 infection.

Linkage between role stress and work engagement among specialty nurses: a cross-sectional study of China

ObjectivesSpecialty nurses play a significant role in improving patient care; however, little is known about the factors affecting their work engagement. This study aimed to explore the relationship between role...

Generic masculine role nouns interfere with the neural processing of female referents: evidence from the P600

ABSTRACT The masculine form in German is used to refer to male people specifically and to people of any gender generically. While behavioural research has demonstrated that this dual function leads to male-biased responses, the neural underpinnings of this bias are still underexplored. In the present EEG study, we investigated how the presentation of generically intended masculine role nouns (vs. role nouns in the feminine–masculine and masculine–feminine pair form) affected the neural processing of references to men and women. Referring to women after generic masculine role nouns induced difficulties during perceptual processing in the P200 range and, crucially, also during high-level reference resolution, as indicated by an enhanced P600 amplitude over posterior sites. In contrast, no significant processing conflicts were observed after the pair form. These findings illuminate the neural consequences of grammatical gender and support the notion that the generic masculine does not represent different genders equally well.

Automatic road network selection method considering functional semantic features of roads with graph convolutional networks

Road network selection plays a key role in map generalization for creating multi-scale road network maps. Existing methods usually determine road importance based on road geometric and topological features, few evaluate road importance from the perspective of road utilization based on human travel data, ignoring the functional values of roads, which leads to a mismatch between the generated results and people’s needs. This paper develops two functional semantic features (i.e. travel path selection probability and regional attractiveness) to measure the functional importance of roads and proposes an automatic road network selection method based on graph convolutional networks (GCN), which models road network selection as a binary classification. Firstly, we create a dual graph representing the source road network and extract road features including six graphical and two functional semantic features. Then, we develop an extended GCN model with connectivity loss for generating multi-scale road networks and propose a refinement strategy based on the road continuity principle to ensure road topology. Experiments demonstrate the proposed model with functional features improves the quality of selection results, particularly for large and medium scale maps. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods and provides a meaningful attempt for artificial intelligence models empowering cartography.

Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals Bone Marrow Kinase as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Multiple Cancer Types.

Bone marrow kinase, or BMX, is alternatively referred to as endothelial tyrosine kinase (Etk). It plays a vital role in the processes of cell proliferation, survival, immune activation, and the modulation of diverse signaling pathways. Since there are few direct comprehensive studies linkingBMX role with multiple cancers, this study aimed to utilize bioinformatic tools to conduct a comprehensive analysis of BMX across multiple cancers, assessing its potential role. Multiple databases including the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal (UALCAN), have been used to explore BMX expression across different cancers, which has been further validated by using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public datasets. In addition, we used the Kaplan-Meier plotter to estimate overall survival and cBioPortal for genetic alterations analysis. This study accommodates several other analyses like clinical parameters, immune cell infiltration, and DNA promoter methylation profiles to evaluate the general role of BMXin several cancers. Results: The present investigation revealed that the BMX gene expression was significantly downregulated and could serve as an effective diagnostic biomarker in five types of cancers, namely breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) (all p < 0.05). Detailed analyses revealed notable downregulation of BMX in various clinical parameters such as age, gender, race, and cancer stage (all p < 0.05). To better understand the immunotherapeutic role of BMX, this investigation further examined the immune infiltration which exhibited positive correlations between BMX expression and the infiltration of immunological cells such as B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, especially in COAD, LUAD, and LUSC(all p < 0.05).In addition, the present study has demonstrated that diminished BMX gene expression is correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), sarcoma (SARC), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC); thus BMX gene expression can be used as a prognostic target for these specific cancers. Also, the results showed that the promoter methylation level of BMX was significantly elevated in LUAD and LUSC, whereas it was significantly decreased in BRCA (all p < 0.001). Importantly, our findings of significantly low BMX expression inLUAD and LUSC, along with their methylation profiles suggest that the low expression of BMX across these cancers is due to epigenetic factors. However, genetic alteration analysis revealed that mutations existed in only approximately 2% of the TCGA samples. Our study revealed BMX as a diagnostic biomarker in BRCA, COAD, LUAD, LUSC, and READ and a prognostic biomarker in KIRC, LIHC, SARC, and UCEC. Furthermore, epigenetic variables may have a greater impact on BMX expression levels especially in LUAD and LUSC. This study also emphasized the role of BMX in the infiltration of immune cells, such as B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, in certain cancers. The BMX expression level highlights the prognostic value and potential therapeutic potential of BMX.

FANCD2–FANCI surveys DNA and recognizes double- to single-stranded junctions

DNA crosslinks block DNA replication and are repaired by the Fanconi anaemia pathway. The FANCD2–FANCI (D2–I) protein complex is central to this process as it initiates repair by coordinating DNA incisions around the lesion1. However, D2–I is also known to have a more general role in DNA repair and in protecting stalled replication forks from unscheduled degradation2–4. At present, it is unclear how DNA crosslinks are recognized and how D2–I functions in replication fork protection. Here, using single-molecule imaging, we show that D2–I is a sliding clamp that binds to and diffuses on double-stranded DNA. Notably, sliding D2–I stalls on encountering single-stranded–double-stranded (ss–ds) DNA junctions, structures that are generated when replication forks stall at DNA lesions5. Using cryogenic electron microscopy, we determined structures of D2–I on DNA that show that stalled D2–I makes specific interactions with the ss–dsDNA junction that are distinct from those made by sliding D2–I. Thus, D2–I surveys dsDNA and, when it reaches an ssDNA gap, it specifically clamps onto ss–dsDNA junctions. Because ss–dsDNA junctions are found at stalled replication forks, D2–I can identify sites of DNA damage. Therefore, our data provide a unified molecular mechanism that reconciles the roles of D2–I in the recognition and protection of stalled replication forks in several DNA repair pathways.

Study on the recovery of bladder function in patients with cervical cancer after operation by portable ultrasound combined.

Postoperative urination dysfunction is a common complication after surgery in patients with cervical cancer. Portable bladder ultrasound are commonly utilized in clinical practice for measuring residual urine volume. This study aimed to the effect of bladder function training combined with portable ultrasound monitoring on bladder function recovery in patients with cervical cancer after training. A total of 40 postoperative patients with cervical cancer were randomly divided into a control group (A) and an experimental group (B) of 20 cases each. Group A was given routine postoperative care, while group B was given bladder function training. Urgent urine bladder volume were taken twice daily after removal of the urinary catheter and monitored for five consecutive days. The difference of urgent urine bladder volume and bladder filling rate were compared by t-test and chi-square test respectively. The 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients before and after intervention, and compared by Mann-Whitney U test. There was no significant difference in preoperative urgent urine volume between the two groups. After catheter removal, the bladder volume of patients in the B increased, while the bladder volume of patients in the A increased less and fluctuated greatly. The bladder filling rate in the A was significantly lower than that in the B (5/15 vs 17/18, p < 0.05). After intervention, the quality of life of the experimental group was better than that of the control group, including scores of general health, mental health, vitality, and physical role (p < 0.05). Postoperative cervical cancer patients trained to hold urine by portable ultrasound monitoring are able to recover bladder function.

Neural correlates of perisaccadic visual mislocalization in extrastriate cortex

When interacting with the visual world using saccadic eye movements (saccades), the perceived location of visual stimuli becomes biased, a phenomenon called perisaccadic mislocalization. However, the neural mechanism underlying this altered visuospatial perception and its potential link to other perisaccadic perceptual phenomena have not been established. Using the electrophysiological recording of extrastriate areas in four male macaque monkeys, combined with a computational model, we were able to quantify spatial bias around the saccade target (ST) based on the perisaccadic dynamics of extrastriate spatiotemporal sensitivity captured by a statistical model. This approach could predict the perisaccadic spatial bias around the ST, consistent with behavioral data, and revealed the precise neuronal response components underlying representational bias. These findings also establish the crucial role of increased sensitivity near the ST for neurons with receptive fields far from the ST in driving the ST spatial bias. Moreover, we showed that, by allocating more resources for visual target representation, visual areas enhance their representation of the ST location, even at the expense of transient distortions in spatial representation. This potential neural basis for perisaccadic ST representation also supports a general role for extrastriate neurons in creating the perception of stimulus location.

Hsp47 promotes biogenesis of multi-subunit neuroreceptors in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) deficiency is an important contributing factor to neurological and metabolic diseases. However, how the proteostasis network orchestrates the folding and assembly of multi-subunit membrane proteins is poorly understood. Previous proteomics studies identified Hsp47 (Gene: SERPINH1), a heat shock protein in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, as the most enriched interacting chaperone for gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. Here, we show that Hsp47 enhances the functional surface expression of GABAA receptors in rat neurons and human HEK293T cells. Furthermore, molecular mechanism study demonstrates that Hsp47 acts after BiP (Gene: HSPA5) and preferentially binds the folded conformation of GABAA receptors without inducing the unfolded protein response in HEK293T cells. Therefore, Hsp47 promotes the subunit-subunit interaction, the receptor assembly process, and the anterograde trafficking of GABAA receptors. Overexpressing Hsp47 is sufficient to correct the surface expression and function of epilepsy-associated GABAA receptor variants in HEK293T cells. Hsp47 also promotes the surface trafficking of other Cys-loop receptors, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and serotonin type 3 receptors in HEK293T cells. Therefore, in addition to its known function as a collagen chaperone, this work establishes that Hsp47 plays a critical and general role in the maturation of multi-subunit Cys-loop neuroreceptors.

Binding of cortical functional modules by synchronous high frequency oscillations.

Whether high-frequency phase-locked oscillations facilitate integration ('binding') of information across widespread cortical areas is controversial. Here we show with intracranial EEG that cortico-cortical co-ripples (~100ms long ~90Hz oscillations) increase during reading and semantic decisions, at the times and co-locations when and where binding should occur. Fusiform wordform areas co-ripple with virtually all language areas, maximally from 200-400ms post-word-onset. Semantically-specified target words evoke strong co-rippling between wordform, semantic, executive and response areas from 400-800ms, with increased co-rippling between semantic, executive and response areas prior to correct responses. Co-ripples were phase-locked at zero-lag over long distances (>12cm), especially when many areas were co-rippling. General co-activation, indexed by non-oscillatory high gamma, was mainly confined to early latencies in fusiform and earlier visual areas, preceding co-ripples. These findings suggest that widespread synchronous co-ripples may assist the integration of multiple cortical areas for sustained periods during cognition.

The Role of miR-137 in Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neurodegenerative diseases affect an increasing part of the population of modern societies, burdening healthcare systems and causing immense suffering at the personal level. The pathogenesis of several of these disorders involves dysregulation of gene expression, which depends on several molecular processes ranging from transcription to protein stability. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression by suppressing the translation of partially complementary mRNAs. miR-137 is a conserved, neuronally enriched miRNA that is implicated in neurodegeneration. Here, we review the current body of knowledge about the role that miR-137 plays in five prominent neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. The presented data indicate that, rather than having a general neuroprotective role, miR-137 modulates the pathology of distinct disorders differently.

KASBIY SIFAT VA KASBIY KOMPONENT MUTANOSIBLIGI

In this article, it is stated that a pedagogue is a person responsible for the education and upbringing of his specialty before the society, at the same time, he must regularly improve his professional training, teacher, teacher, teacher, educator. , to have the right to be a pedagogue, to be more precise, to be the owner of professional competence, the ways to become a mature specialist are explained. Also, information is given about the psychological foundations of professional development, and the general role and function of psychology in the development of the individual is also widely covered. The psychological content of professional development is analyzed on the basis of military psychology.

«В Коауиле провозглашается коммунизм». Эпизод из истории Мексиканской революции (1912 г.)

The article deals with a little-known and little-studied episode from the history of the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1917, the proclamation of communism by anarchist guerrillas in the state of Coahuila in 1912. A brief but vivid history of the guerrillas, organized by the Magonists from the Mexican Lib-eral Party (PLM) at one of the key moments of the revolution, is considered in the context of the general role of the anar-chist movement at various stages of the revolution in Mexico, of evolution of its ideology, strategy and tactics. An attempt has been made to assess the significance of the events under consideration for the development of the anarchist movement in the world. PLM, led by brothers Riсardo and Enrique Flo-res Magon, was in 1906-1908 the first political force that launched a rebel movement against the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, and in 1910-1911 made a significant contribu-tion to the overthrow of the regime. However, after this, the leadership of the Mexican Liberal Party officially switched to the position of anarchism, and its supporters tried to organize a guerrilla movement with the aim of carrying out a social revolution in Mexico. Although the PLM rebel forces were crushed by superior government forces in 1912, and many of their members were killed, the proclamation of anarchist communism by a group of guerrillas on February 9, 1912 in the Mexican state of Coahuila, one of the traditional areas of influence of the Magonists, was the first act of this kind in the history of world anarchist movement and served as an example for anarchists in other countries.

Guiando el aprendizaje a través de simulación en salud: el papel transformador del docente

The parameters to define what “a general teaching role” should be have varied in the history of higher education. The existing evidence in favor of generating spaces for controversy, questions, active and greater participation of students, guiding learning and not directing it, is overwhelming. Although the clinical simulation teacher does not escape this definition, there are still controversies as to whether there are true differences in their role compared to other areas of health teaching. In this article we intend to break down some issues that differentiate the teachers in charge of the facilitation process, such as clinical simulation, which stimulates autonomous learning, meaningful learning, vicarious learning, cooperative and reflective learning, learning in action and experiential learning.

Валидация русскоязычной версии опросника P-QoL и его апробация для оценки влияния пролапса тазовых органов на качество жизни женщин и определения эффективности реконструктивных операций.

Introduction. The prolapse quality-of-life questionnaire (P-QoL) is one of a few standardized questionnaires developed to assess the impact of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) on the quality of life (QoL) of patients and determine the effectiveness of reconstructive surgery. The lack of a validated Russian-language version of the P-QoL questionnaire limits studies assessing the severity of symptoms and QoL in women with POP before and after reconstructive surgery in Russia. Materials and methods. Assessment of the reliability and validity of the adapted P-QoL questionnaire for Russian-speaking patients. Study participants (n=303) were asked to fill out the P-QoL, PFDI-20, SF-36 questionnaires and a medical and social questionnaire before reconstructive surgery and 2 months after the treatment. Then they underwent gynecological examination using the POP-Quantification System (POP-Q). Results. The language adaptation of the P-QoL questionnaire was carried out and its reliability and validity were established. Indicators of general health perception (p&lt;0.001), role limitations (p=0.001), physical limitations (p=0.004), social limitations (p&lt;0.001) and symptom severity (p&lt;0.001) were significantly higher in women with POP-Q stages 3 and 4 compared to women with POP-Q stage 2. General health perception scores were higher in women with POP-Q stage 4 than with POP-Q stage 3 (p=0.002). Statistically significant differences in sleep/energy scores were found between women with POP-Q stages 2 and 3 (p=0.033). Statistically significant improvement in QoL 2 months after surgery (p &lt; 0.05) indicated that P-QoL is sensitive to change. Conclusion. The adapted P-QoL questionnaire is a reliable tool for determination of the severity of POP symptoms, QoL impairment and assessment of the treatment outcomes.

Lung Microbiome in Lung Cancer: A New Horizon in Cancer Study.

Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recent technological advancements have revealed that the lung microbiome, previously thought to be sterile, is host to various microorganisms. The association between the lung microbiome and lung cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis is complex and contradictory. However, disruption in the homeostasis of microbiome compositions correlated with the increased risk of lung cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge about the most recent developments and trends in lung cancer-related microbiota or microbial components. This article aims to provide information on this rapidly evolving field while giving context to the general role of the lung microbiome in lung cancer. In addition, this review briefly discussed the causative association of lung microbiome with lung cancer. We will review the mechanisms by which lung microbiota influence carcinogenesis, focusing on microbiota dysbiosis. Moreover, we will also discuss the host-microbiome interaction as it plays a crucial role in stimulating and regulating the immune response. Finally, we will provide information on the diagnostic role of the microbiome in lung cancer. This article aims to offer an overview of the lung microbiome as a predictive and diagnostic biomarker in lung cancer.