General Organization Research Articles

A Survey on Learning to Reject

Learning to reject is a special kind of self-awareness (the ability to know what you do not know), which is an essential factor for humans to become smarter. Although machine intelligence has become very accurate nowadays, it lacks such kind of self-awareness and usually acts as omniscient, resulting in overconfident errors. This article presents a comprehensive overview of this topic from three perspectives: confidence, calibration, and discrimination. Confidence is an important measurement for the reliability of model predictions. Rejection can be realized by setting thresholds on confidence. However, most models, especially modern deep neural networks, are usually overconfident. Therefore, calibration is a process to ensure confidence matching the actual likelihood of correctness, including two approaches: post-calibration and self-calibration. Calibration reflects the global characteristic of confidence, and the local distinguishing property of confidence is also important. In light of this, discrimination focuses on the performance of accepting positive samples while rejecting negative samples. As a binary classification problem, the challenge of discrimination comes from the missing and nonrepresentativeness of the negative data. Three discrimination tasks are comprehensively analyzed and discussed: failure rejection, unknown rejection, and fake rejection. By rejecting failures, the risk could be controlled especially for mission-critical applications. By rejecting unknowns, the awareness of the knowledge blind zone would be enhanced. By rejecting fakes, security and privacy could be protected. We provide a general taxonomy, organization, and discussion of the methods for solving these problems, which are studied separately in the literature. The connections between different approaches and future directions that are worth further investigation are also presented. With a discriminative and calibrated confidence, learning to reject will let the decision-making process be more practical, reliable, and secure.

Between Humboldt and Rockefeller: An organization design approach to hybridity in higher education

Higher education institutions (HEI) are maneuvering the competing institutional logics of academia and commerce, which provide widely conflicting bases for legitimacy ascriptions. HEI that try to internalize both competing institutional logics become hybrids, addressing the resulting internal tensions and conflicts through efforts of structural separation or blending. Whereas these generic approaches have been well described, also for HEI, their underlying, constituting organizational design remains unclear. We refer to the general organization design literature to suggest templates for hybrid HEI. Dependent on the relative strength attributed to the two competing logics, respectively, we specify typical organizational designs reflecting separation as well as blending solutions. We embed these hybrid organizational design types with the pure archetypes of both logics and offer implications for research and practice in the HE field.

Инклюзивные ценности как компонент организационной культуры общеобразовательной организации

The formation of the modern pedagogical paradigm has led to significant changes in the activities of general education organizations, which affected not only the organization of the education process alone, but also the formation of an organizational culture to meet the needs of the subjects of a school system. The object of the work is to identify, systematize, and scientifically substantiate the system of inclusive values as an integral part of the organizational culture of a general education organization. Inclusive values of the organizational culture of a general education organization are both external parts: equivalence and equality of personality, moral and spiritual values, friendly relations, and internal parts: cooperation, assistance in the development of the learning route. The system of personal and socio-culturally significant categories for "school subjects" includes personal aspects (awareness and significance for a person of the epistemological aspect of the surrounding reality, that is, the perception of atypical people and without them of communication with each other as a new source for observation, collection, analysis of information), and socio-cultural ones (the value of a person educated as a unit of society, taking into account his physical abilities, as well as the benefits brought by their activities; the realization of conditions for the education and development of all people, including those with disabilities, and, as a result, the uniform growth of the intellectual potential of the country among various groups of people; the formation of their own and the adoption of social principles and norms regarding people with disabilities or disabilities, namely their perception as full-fledged members of society). The newness of research is connected with the substantiation and systematization of internal and externally manifested inclusive values as a component of the organizational culture of the school. The theoretical significance of the article is connected with the substantiation of the concept of inclusive values of the organizational culture of a general education organization.

Модель профилактики буллинга среди младших школьников в воспитательной среде общеобразовательной организации

Importance. The weakening of the educational and socializing potential of the family and school, the violation of social control mechanisms in society, the influence of uncontrolled information flows lead to a decrease in the spiritual and moral orientations of the younger generation and the manifestation of immorality, permissiveness, violence and aggression. All this contributes to the growth of the number of children at risk and the emergence of such a phenomenon as “bullying”. The purpose of the research is to develop a process model of bullying prevention among younger schoolchildren in the educational environment of a general education organization, which will help to neutralize the emerging negative consequences manifested in severe psychological trauma and disharmony of the holistic development of younger schoolchildren. Research methods. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, approaches and concepts on the problem of bullying prevention among primary school children, the study of fundamental legal documents in the field of education and social sphere, as well as modeling, the factors of bullying among schoolchildren are identified and their characteristics are given; a model of bullying prevention among primary school children and pedagogical conditions for its implementation are revealed. Results and Discussion. A process model of bullying prevention among younger schoolchildren is constructed and the stages of its implementation in the educational environment of a general education organization are substantiated. Conclusion. Prevention of bullying among primary school children should be based on the developed model and a set of measures to prevent the occurrence of violence in the school community from the perspective of purposeful organization of constructive interpersonal relationships and productive implementation of joint activities of students in the educational environment of a general education organization.

Features of the implementation of support for the professional and personal development of teachers in the work of the scientific and methodological service of a general education organization

Scientific and methodological work in school is reaching a new level in modern conditions of digital transformation of education. Teaching is one of the few professions that require constant development, selfimprovement and compliance with modern requirements. The effectiveness of a modern educational organization primarily depends on the professional and personal characteristics of specialists. Professional growth of a teacher is one of the highest priority areas of scientific and methodological work of the Secondary School “Education Center ‘Samson’ ”. The article describes the experience of organizing scientific and methodological work in the Samson Center to support the professional and personal development of teaching staff. The features of organizing such work in a digital educational environment are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the coherence of interaction between the management team of a general education organization in implementing support for the professional and personal development of teachers.

Phylogenetic and Structural Analyses of VPS13 Proteins in Archaeplastida Reveal Their Complex Evolutionary History in Viridiplantae.

VPS13 is a lipid transfer protein family conserved among Eukaryotes and playing roles in fundamental processes involving vesicular transport and membrane expansion including autophagy and organelle biogenesis. VPS13 folds into a long hydrophobic tunnel, allowing lipid transport, decorated by distinct domains involved in protein localization and regulation. Whereas VPS13 organization and function have been extensively studied in yeast and mammals, information in organisms originating from primary endosymbiosis is scarce. In the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana, four paralogs, AtVPS13S, X, M1, and M2, were identified, AtVPS13S playing a role in the regulation of root growth, cell patterning, and reproduction. In this work, we performed phylogenetic, as well as domain and structural modeling of VPS13 proteins in Archaeplastida in order to understand their general organization and evolutionary history. We confirmed the presence of human VPS13B orthologues in some phyla and described two new VPS13 families presenting a particular domain arrangement: VPS13R in Rhodophytes and VPS13Y in Chlorophytes and Streptophytes. By focusing on Viridiplantae, we were able to draw the evolutionary history of these proteins made by multiple gene gains and duplications as well as domain rearrangements. We showed that some Chlorophytes have only three (AtVPS13M, S, Y) whereas some Charophytes have up to six VPS13 paralogs (AtVPS13M1, M2, S, Y, X, B). We also highlighted specific structural features of VPS13M and X paralogs. This study reveals the complex evolution of VPS13 family and opens important perspectives for their functional characterization in photosynthetic organisms.

Spiritual and moral values in the professional culture of a modern teacher

The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the importance of spiritual and moral values in the professional activity of a modern Russian teacher of a general education organization. General education as an important social institution performs the functions of reproduction of spiritual and moral values of the younger generation. We substantiated the relevance and theoretical model of the study of the content of the teacher’s professional culture, spiritual, and moral values as the basis of its formation (it is based on a brief analysis of the publications of the science-intensive Scopus database). In the empirical part of the study, the developed theoretical model is tested on the example of the pedagogical community of the South of Russia (Stavropol Krai). The survey of the pedagogical community is organized in electronic form. 153 teachers of educational organizations of Stavropol Krai were invited to participate and took part in expert assessments. The obtained research data are used in improving the process of formation of spiritual and moral values in the process of professional training and advanced training of teachers. We formed strategic approaches in preparing the pedagogical community for the challenges in accordance with the demand of modern Russian society for the transformation of educational work and teachers’ values.

Features of adaptation of fifth graders at school

The article is devoted to the discussion of topical theoretical aspects of the problem of adaptation of fifth graders, the features of their development and the process of adaptation, diagnostics, and analysis of methods aimed at studying anxiety, self-esteem, state in the lesson. By creating adaptive situations, the school is the bearer of the richest social experience, including the adaptation of the student to the content and form of education. The analysis showed that the main task of the educational institution is to create conditions for the successful adaptation of students, which is the key to high-quality education of the individuals, their further improvement and self-development. For each stage of the research (theoretical, empirical, interpretative), its own group of methods is defined: theoretical: collection of information, generalization, systematization, analysis of scientific literature; empirical: ascertaining research, testing, questioning; psycho-diagnostic: testing according to the method of diagnosing the level of school anxiety by B.N. Phillips, questioning according to the method of studying the emotional state of students “Subject-feelings” by T.E. Kovina, A.K. Kolichenko and I.N. Agafonova, testing by the method of diagnostics of general self-esteem G.N. Kazantseva. A sample of 120 fifth grade students of the Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution Secondary School No. 138, Chelyabinsk, was formed. It was revealed that increased levels of anxiety are observed to a small extent, the majority of fifth-graders do not experience mental discomfort and anxiety, they are balanced and emotionally stable. The average value of the index of emotional positivity of fifth graders during class attendance is observed in 74 %, which indicates their satisfaction in most subjects, a fairly comfortable internal climate in the classroom. In general, the process of adaptation of fifth graders in the middle level can be considered satisfactory, but there are students who have low emotional positivity to learning – 26 % and low self-esteem – 19 %. The recommendations compiled based on the results of the study can contribute to the effective adaptation of fifth graders to study in a general education organization and can be useful to both parents and all subjects of educational relations.

Формирование профессионального мастерства учителя через организацию системы наставничества

The modern education system assumes certain mechanisms for the entry of a novice specialist into the profession, providing assistance for him at the initial stage of his professional development. Effective adaptation of a novice specialist to the conditions of an educational organization is possible only if an effective mentoring model is created in this institution. The article examines in detail the phenomenon of mentorship, the mechanisms of its implementation in a general education organization, and also presents the results of a study on the implementation of a mentoring system in the Municipal State Educational Institution "Secondary School No. 27" in Nalchik. The article contains the results of innovative project work in the Municipal State Educational Institution "Secondary School No. 27", Nalchik, conducted among school teachers in order to determine the state of mentorship in this institution. The results of the study clearly demonstrate the impact of the implementation of mentorship on the main educational outcomes at school. During the research, a set of theoretical and empirical methods was used: analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature on the problem; analysis of mentoring practice; a longitudinal study of the professional activities of mentors and the dynamics of the professional development of novice teachers; conversations with mentoring teachers and novice teachers; analysis of the experience of implementing the results of the research into the pedagogical practice of an educational organization.

The specifics of using games in financial literacy training in a general education organization

The specifics of using games in financial literacy training in a general education organization

Innovative potential of the district education system: from innovative activity to evaluation and expertise

The article actualizes the problem of assessing the innovative potential of educational systems in accordance with modern challenges and priorities of the state educational policy. Innovative activity is considered as a tool for improving the efficiency of a general education organization, an educational system of a particular level, and ensuring high-quality educational results. The issues of innovative activity of educational organizations, involvement of managerial and pedagogical staff in innovative activities, determination of approaches to their evaluation, management of innovative processes are raised. The experience of Nevsky district of St. Petersburg in the design and implementation of the Development program as a tool for evaluating the innovative potential of the educational system is presented.

Designing a Collaborative Model for Problem Identification in Public Policy-Making in the Field of Protection of Citizen's Rights

The aim of the current research is to providing a participatory model for Cognition of issue in public policy (study in the field of protection of citizenship rights). This research is applied in terms of its purpose, in terms of the nature of the research, it is a mixed method and exploratory research, in terms of data collection and descriptive implementation, it is a survey research and in terms of time period, it is cross-sectional. The statistical population of the qualitative part included two parts. The first part included the published scientific works related to the keywords defined regarding the main subject of this research and according to the input criteria and after screening, 65 scientific documents were examined. The second part also included academic and organizational experts according to the research entry criteria, based on the purposeful non-probability sampling method, finally 24 experts were considered according to the principle of saturation. The statistical population in the quantitative part included all the clients to the ministries, organizations and government institutions, the center for public monitoring and the handling of public complaints of the General Inspection Organization, the Islamic Council and the Islamic city and village councils, based on the Cochran formula for unknown communities, the number 385 people were selected as a statistical sample and finally 391 questionnaires were collected that could be used. The sampling method used in this section is a non-probability quota method of a disproportionate type. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was systematic literature review in the first part and semi-structured interviews in the second part. In the quantitative part, there was a questionnaire. It should be noted that the validity and reliability of the tools were confirmed in both qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative part and in the meta-composite part, the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP) tool was used for validity and Cohen's kappa was used to measure reliability. In the theme analysis part, Goba and Lincoln's model was used to measure validity and reliability. The method of data analysis in the qualitative section and in the systematic literature review section was meta-composite method and in the interview section, thematic analysis was used, and MAXQDA-V20 software was used for data analysis. In the quantitative part, the analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics (sample t-test and confirmatory factor analysis) which was done through SPSS and SmartPLS software. The findings of this research showed that the model includes 6 dimensions, 20 components and 167 indicators. The identified dimensions and components are: 1) Informing, 2) Involvement, 3) support, 4) Consultation and Survey, 5) Partnership, 6) Citizenship Control and Power. Finally, the validity of this model was examined, which had good validity.

Conceptual Foundations For The Formation Of The Event Space Of A General Educational Organization In The Context Of Modern Educational Policy

Conceptual Foundations For The Formation Of The Event Space Of A General Educational Organization In The Context Of Modern Educational Policy

Globalization and its Impact on Human Resource Management

The logical start, the business strategy in global companies, and how can this level be achieved? Center around the concept and philosophy of the general organization that he presented to achieve this work, and this research tries globalization and the results of the emergence of expanding markets and customer requirements . The international company chooses among several strategic alternatives the appropriate ways to enter a foreign market, or to establish factories for it in other countries. A global company with experience in international trade usually chooses a strategy based on certain strengths of the commodity, as well as the suitability of the host country. In this paragraph, the different strategies adopted by international companies to enter foreign markets will be summarized.

ПИТАННЯ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ МОРСЬКОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД

An analysis of modern national publications shows that, although in Ukraine considerable attention is being payed to the general organization of maritime transport security, the due interest has not yet been shown to the new important area, such as the maritime transport cybersecurity. Therefore, the article touches upon the best practices in organizing the cybersecurity of marine ships. The assertion that the general danger of maritime transport has increased significantly in recent years is based on the facts of the introduction of information technology into the operational technologies of maritime transport. The bottom line is that information technology is closely linked to the Internet, and this is what, in the first place, makes the operational technologies of maritime transport open to deliberate external interference, which, according to experts, can provide external control of the vessel with the aim of capsizing, colliding or causing environment disaster. The general concern of the leading maritime states about the situation is confirmed by a number of documents, such as Resolution of the Maritime Security Committee MSC.428 (98), adopted on June 16, 2017 and requiring member states to take into account the management of cyber risks. The paper analyzes a typical approach to the development of an action plan for the organization of maritime cybersecurity on board a ship. The preliminary preparation steps are considered, ranging from updating passwords and software to training the team. It is indicated that today, all over the world, the direct development of such a plan is recommended to be carried out on the basis of the “The Guidelines on Cyber Security onboard Ships”, developed and supported by leading international organizations related to maritime transport operations. The plan created on the basis of this guide, in essence, is to manage cyber risks and boils down to the following: identifying internal and external threats, internal and external vulnerabilities; risk exposure assessment; development of measures to reduce these vulnerabilities; developing contingency plans; developing plans for recovery measures after cyber incidents. The general rise in the culture of personnel to a modern level is a necessary element of ensuring cybersecurity in maritime transport.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИЙ РОЗВИТОК СУЧАСНИХ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ СИСТЕМ

The article defines approaches to the formation of a modern concept of the development of marketing systems based on self-organization, which is dictated by the process of modernization of marketing goals and functions over the past twenty-five years in the domestic economy. The marketing system is presented as a certain type of system, which consists of heterogeneous interconnected and interacting subsystems, which are created by individuals on the basis of a feedback mechanism. The main concepts are considered: development, evolution, growth, marketing system. The mechanisms of the relationship between self-organization and the organization in its development are analyzed. Researched: processes of transformation of marketing systems, their dynamic balance; phenomena of imbalance and cyclicity as a manifestation of the general organization of matter; verification of signs of developing systems was carried out; defined bifurcation points in the process of evolution of complex systems; different goals of modern economic growth; determination of general provisions in the behavior of a self-organized system; requirements for limiting system development; classification of external factors influencing the development of the marketing system; features of closed and open economies. The formed conceptual approaches will contribute to the formation of a scientifically based marketing policy at different levels of management. The very transition from one attractor to another causes significant fluctuations in the economic system, which immediately affects the activity of the marketing system. The marketing system also shows instability. In various sectors of the economy, both significant losses and excess profits are possible. The appearance of surplus profit allows the widespread implementation of achievements of scientific and technical progress in production. This corresponds to the fact that after passing the bifurcation point, the economy enters an upswing phase. Accordingly, the marketing system also develops dynamically, rebuilding its structure, connections, and components. The external appearance of this process will be the appearance of new marketing concepts that try to take into account the changing market situation.

북한을 채무자로 하는 추심금소송의 당부: 서울동부지방법원 2022.8.10. 선고 2021가합106706 판결을 통해서

Judgment on North Korea's capacity as a party in civil proceedings must be based on North Korea's dual status according to the theory of special relations between the two Koreas. In the domain of norms acting as a partner for dialogue and cooperation, North Korea can be seen as an organization equivalent to a foreign country, so the capabilities of the parties can be recognized. On the other hand, in the domain of norms that operate as an anti-state organization, North Korea is considered an unrecognized country, and its capabilities may be denied. At this time, in relation to whether North Korea can be recognized as a non-incorporated association under domestic law, the requirement for a corporation under the civil law, which is mainly reviewed by the target judgment, is suitable for a general organization that exists in Korea and lacks registration, but has the same corporate character. It is reasonable to evaluate whether an unapproved country has the characteristics of a legal entity based on whether or not it meets the conditions for establishment of a country.
 According to the terms and conditions of the contract for the use of copyrighted works, the Inter-Korean Copyright Center, a copyright agency in South Korea, can be seen as a copyright agency brokerage business between “North Korean copyright holders” and “South Korean users.” And since North Korea's Copyright Office is not a copyright trustee, but only a copyright agent, it cannot be seen that North Korea has a copyright claim. However, In some cases, it is necessary to individually determine whether the royalties receivable belong to North Korea, such as ‘5. Chosun Central TV video production.

FEATURES OF ORGANIZING OF GENERAL ACCOUNTING IN THE ASPECT OF PENSION INSURANCE SYSTEM IN CONDITION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TAJIKISTAN

This article considered basic organizational aspects of general accounting of pension system in sustainable development condition of Republic of Tajikistan. Theoretical bases of pension system accounting are analysed. The key aspects of research work are based in the regulations confirmed on the “Instruction about general accounting organization and recording pension operations in accounting”. The problems of transformation of accounting and the pension system are pushing scientists to pay attention to the issues of organizing pension accounting. This scientific article is based on the research regarding to the theme of my candidate dissertation on theme: “Features of development and modernization of social insurance system in the national economy of Tajikistan”. This study should bring some clarity to the process of accounting for pension provision in Tajikistan in the context of sustainable development. To determine the general accounting organization features in the direction of the pension system, methods of analysis of definitions were used and the most frequently used accounting accounts were grouped. As a result of research work and studies of regulatory legal acts on accounting for pension provision, accounting entries were determined in accordance with international accounting standards in the context of sustainable development of Tajikistan. The theoretical foundations of accounting are determined, and the most used definitions of the investigated sphere are highlighted. In conclusion, it should be noted that to effectively organize the accounting of pensions, it is proposed to constantly improve the qualifications of accounting employees not only in the republic, but also in foreign countries that apply international accounting standards. Since the study of accounting from outside contributes to the correct organization and maintenance of modern pension accounting. The basic steps of social tax accounting in the context of sustainable development of Tajikistan are improved by author.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МОДЕЛЕЙ СМЕШАННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ ПРЕДМЕТА «ОСНОВЫ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ЖИЗНЕДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ»

Statement of the problem. Blended learning models have limitations related to the age of students, technical support, the content of the subject, etc. The use of blended learning in teaching Basics of Life Safety has its own characteristics. In particular, it is necessary to focus on the practical component of the educational process. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the blended learning models Flipped Classroom and Station Rotation in the context of teaching Basics of Life Safety. The research methodology includes the analysis of the features for implementation of blended learning in a general education organization. Traditional methods of theoretical research (analysis and synthesis, etc.), analysis of regulatory documents and electronic information resources in the field of education and life safety were used. Research results. A comparative analysis of rotational models of blended learning in the context of teaching Basics of Life Safety has been carried out. The Flipped Classroom model is more appropriate for working with high school students when practical skills are required. An important condition for successful implementation is the availability of high-quality digital educational content or information and electronic environment. For the implementation of e-learning within the subject of life safety, there are no ready-made high-quality educational resources. The Station Rotation model is more universal; work in the information-electronic environment can be replaced by work on other electronic training tools specific to the field of life safety: mannequin simulators, interactive modules and posters, digital laboratories, etc. Conclusions. The use of rotational models of blended learning in the educational process on the Basics of Life Safety makes it possible to strengthen the practical component of the subject, including using specific electronic learning tools.

Strategi Komunikasi Dalam Manajemen Pengembangan Organisasi

The development Organization of Islamic boarding institutions as one of religius social organization in Indonesia gets special attention from former religius organizations. This attention is reasonable, because in no longer time Organization has spreaded all over Indonesia / Nusantara. This phenomenon is interesting to study in the perspective of communication science : what is the communication concept and strategy of organization development ? Based on the problem, this reseach is aimed to study and find the communication concept and strategy of development . This reseach uses qualitatif-phenomenology approach, and to collect data is used interview, partisipation observation, and documentation. The reseach subject is the general Organization . The result of reseach shows that there are some proponent / supporting factors in the communication concept and strategy of organization developiment ,its like to (1) becoming the values and concept of religion as guidance to rule all organization activities, (2) using command management approach “imamah jama’ah” as communication strategy of organization development.