General Communication Model Research Articles

Developing Communication Competencies of Library Professionals Through Semiotics Theory Approach in the Contemporary Information System

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship between semiotics theory and communication theory and focus on how semiotics could act as a useful tool to play a big role in the development of communication competencies of library professionals in the contemporary information system. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The study is fundamentally analytical and qualitative in nature. The analysis of semiotic theory and communication theory is done one by one. In this paper, we use the semiotics theory approach in library services and propose an illustrative library classification list based on Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) for the development of an effective communication competency as well as improve the visual literacy skills of library professionals. Findings: After the study, we find out that the semiotic theory is a general and unrestricted model of sign whereas communication theory is also a general and unrestricted model of communication which is useful for every field of study including the LIS field. Semiotics theory and Communication theory both are very similar and Semiotics build a strong communication competency and improve the visual literacy skills of library professionals. Practical implications: This study will be helpful for library professionals to develop their competencies according to the needs of the hour. Users will be more beneficial and attracted to the library than the formal mode of communication. Those people who cannot communicate in an unknown language and are unable to articulate language can also communicate easily through the visual mode of communication with the help of semiotics. Originality: This paper is the first to combine the theories of communication and semiotics within the context of the competency development of library professionals.

Multi- and plurilingual professional communication – a model

Abstract On the basis of a general model of professional communication which differs from concepts of professional language, a new model is developed which consistently integrates their multilingualism. This takes into account various individual languages such as German, English or Chinese as well as professionally relevant varieties such as every day and educational language including various languages for specific purposes in individual professions or professional contexts as well as the corresponding competences of the people working in these professions or contexts. Such a model not only provides an exhaustive and detailed coverage of plurilingual professional communication for itself, it also allows for numerous applications in the fields of language planning, language policy and language didactics.

Going Dennettian about Gricean communication

ABSTRACT Grice’s analysis of human communication has proven to be highly influential among many philosophers and cognitive scientists, both past and present. At the same time, it has long been recognized that his analysis faces some difficult objections. In particular, a number of theorists have objected to the account Grice provides of the mental states and processes of those engaged in communication. For these theorists, communication as conceived of by Grice has seemed too mentally demanding and complex to be a good general model of human communication. In this article, I consider this challenge afresh from the perspective of Dan Dennett’s intentional stance theory. More specifically, I consider some recent remarks Dennett has made in this area, seeking to pin down and clarify his view. I then argue that while Dennett’s thinking is on the right track, his view stands in need of both a substantive adjustment and more positive detail. I seek to provide such improvements here. Finally, I consider some of the implications of this improved Dennettian account of Gricean communication for how great ape and human communication are related.

Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: From Transmitting and Reflecting Modes to Single-, Group-, and Fully-Connected Architectures

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned as a promising technology for future wireless communications. With various hardware realizations, RISs can work under different modes (reflective/transmissive/hybrid) or have different architectures (single/group/fully-connected). However, most existing research focused on single-connected reflective RISs, mathematically characterized by diagonal phase shift matrices, while there is a lack of a comprehensive study for RISs unifying different modes/architectures. In this paper, we solve this issue by analyzing and proposing a general RIS-aided communication model. Specifically, we establish an RIS model not limited to diagonal phase shift matrices, a novel branch referred to as beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS), unifying modes and architectures. With the proposed model, we develop efficient algorithms to jointly design transmit precoder and BD-RIS matrix to maximize the sum-rate for RIS-aided systems. We also provide simulation results to compare the performance of BD-RISs with different modes/architectures. Simulation results show that under the same mode, fully- and group-connected RIS can effectively increase the sum-rate performance compared with single-connected RIS, and that hybrid RIS outperforms reflective/transmissive RIS with the same architecture.

Multiantenna Joint Covert Communication System With Finite Blocklength

Multiantenna technique can provide a substantial rate gain for wireless communication; however, when applied in covert wireless communication, the potential detecting risk of pilot transmission is always neglected. In this article, for the first time, we consider the effect of pilot leakage on the performance of covert communication over a finite transmission blocklength. First, we construct a general analysis model of multiantenna joint covert communication (JTCC), where the uplink covert pilot, the imperfect channel estimation issues, and the downlink covert communication is taken into account. Second, we evaluate the covertness performance of the proposed system in which an independent detection scheme (IDS) and two joint detection schemes (JDSs) are adopted at an unintended warden, respectively. In particular, the closed-form expressions of tight average covert probability are derived under the different detection schemes. Third, we establish an optimization framework for the covert throughput maximization subject to the constraints of covertness, reliability, and blocklength. Moreover, a simple and robust solution is provided by jointly designing the pilot length and the transmit power. Numerical results highlight the advantages of the JTCC system in resisting pilot detection and indicate the tradeoff of pilot design between the achievable covertness, the required reliability, and the overall rate performance.

An efficient distributed algorithm for economic dispatch considering communication asynchrony and time delays

The increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) to power grids has fostered the emergence of advanced control technologies for energy management. This study focuses on distributed solutions to economic dispatch considering asynchrony and non-ideal communications. A distributed consensus-based algorithm is developed for general directed networks, where heavy-ball momentum is incorporated into the algorithm design to accelerate convergency. Subsequently, an asynchronous version is proposed based on a general asynchronous communication model with unpredictable, non-uniform, and bounded time delays. Without a global clock in conventional synchronous distributed algorithms, distributed generators (DGs) are allowed to exchange information through local communications at any moment and use out-sync information to execute new updates. Simulations are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and verify its robustness against time delays.

Narrative pantomime: A protolanguage for persuasive communication

This paper relies on the idea that human language evolved to modify/change the beliefs and attitudes of other people, in order to make them act in a certain way. Such an idea is in line with a more general model of animal communication, which sees it as a way to influence others’ behaviors. Although forms of persuasion are present in non-human communication, it is suggested that, in the transition from animal communication to language, humans developed a specific and more powerful way to influence others: the telling of stories. Looking at the cognitive architectures and the expressive systems which allowed our ancestors to cope with the selective pressures of a narrative-based communication, it is proposed that pantomime was the early means of expression of narrative persuasion. From this point of view, pantomime represented a form of protolanguage, providing a platform for the progressive development of modern-day narrative.

Feeder Topology Configuration and Application Based on IEC 61850

Distribution automation (DA) and Internet of Things (IoT) all need the topology information of power distribution network to support some applications, such as fault diagnosis, network reconfiguration and optimization. IEC 61850 is a general communication model and standard for information exchange between intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). However, it has no mechanism for feeder topology information exchange. This paper solves this problem by developing the corresponding information model. Firstly, a feeder model is established as a container of the equipment along a distribution line. Secondly, logical models, such as terminal and connection nodes, are added to describe the physical connection relationship between the electrical equipment. Taking a circuit breaker as an example, this paper introduces how to add the terminal attribute to an existing logical node (XCBR). The physical connection between the circuit breaker and other electrical equipment is described by adding the logic node LCNN. Then, a new logical node LTPN is added to describe the logical connection between the devices. A new logical node, FTPA, is added to describe the status of the topology analysis and the topology results. Based on these new logical nodes, this paper proposes the mechanism of topology information exchange between IEDs. Three IEDs and the IEEE 13-node model are used to build an experimental environment. The result verifies the effectiveness of this method. More distributed applications can be used to test the validity and interoperability of the proposed model.

Applying a General Communication Model to Establish a Framework of Academic Public Relation

Applying a General Communication Model to Establish a Framework of Academic Public Relation

A Conceptual Framework of Social Communication: Clinical Applications to Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Social communication impairments are common following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can lead to social isolation, and poor social outcomes. Social communication has been documented as a persistent area of need in terms of proper assessment and intervention; however, this is not consistently addressed in clinical practice. While there is a body of evidence regarding social communication impairments and pediatric TBI, this area is not yet fully understood and remains underrecognized. To meet this gap, we provide a conceptual framework of social communication from a neurodevelopmental perspective, which can be applied to better understand the social communication impairments associated with pediatric TBI. We propose a general model of social communication with component constructs and consideration of internal factors such as sex and gender. These can inform considerations, clinical applications, and future research in assessment and evidence-based interventions within the domain of social communication.

Lack of lecturer clarity during instruction: Possible reason for poor throughput?

In South Africa, students’ academic success in tertiary environments is generally low, despite governmental or institutional interventions. This article, underpinned by the General Model of Instructional Communication by McCroskey, Valencic and Richmond ( 2004 ) , explores participant lecturers’ perceptions of lecturer clarity during instruction, and their students’ . A mixed methods case study was conducted, with a convenience sample of seven lecturers, interviewed and observed in situ. Questionnaires were completed by 252 first year students at a South African university of technology. Content and statistical analysis of the data revealed that a mismatch existed between lecturers’ perceptions of their own instructional clarity and their students’. The high percentage of students who felt lost during a lecture suggests a high level of instructional dissonance (Evans, 2005) which might account for a less-than desirable academic throughput. We recommend that institutions quality assure lecturers’ oral, written, content and process clarity prior to and during appointment.

Parole sul video. Linguaggio audiovisivo, comunicazione e afasia

The article aims to present results of an experimental research projecton the perception of aphasic people and pragmatics of multimedia languages. The research was conducted at the Interdepartmental research centre Cinedumedia (Department of Philosophy and Education, University of Turin) and it was funded by Carlo Molo Onlus Foundation (Turin), in 2014-2016. Based on previous exploratory investigations into multimedia communication with aphasia, the article shows the method and process of realizing a simplified video-prototype of a cinematic text that favours aphasic audiences. Patients were directly involved in all video-production phases (creation, planning, writing, shooting and editing): in this way, it was possible to project a set of video-clips that help, explain and simplify the film. The product has also allowed to outline a general model of simplified communication for language diseases (both the productive mode and the receptive); theoretically, it could be adapted to all audio-visual and media content. Starting from several theoretical studies on digital media, sociology and multimedia, the research refers to communicative and, of course, theoretical studies as well as international experiences of the aphasia rehabilitation (normally, videos are used in medical contexts to favour the recovery of the word). Furthermore, we consider studies of the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning by Mayer (2009), oriented to this specific aphasic case: from this point of view, these elements are useful to the fruition of perspective and content understanding as well as memory training (above all for persons who have lost this function due to age or health).

THE STRUCTURE OF AGENT-TYPE RELATIONS IN RITUALIZED COMMUNICATION (ON THE BASIS OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE CULTURE)

The article is devoted to the definition and description of the agency’s actional, pragmatic and communicational properties in ritualized forms of communication. The main functional features of the ritual are considered within the general theoretical model of ritualized communication and are illustrated through the example of J.D. Salinger’s novel «The Catcher in the Rye». The analysis of philosophical, sociological, linguistic and anthropological theories as well as some research of agency in ritualized studies allowed forming the general theoretical basis of the research. The article outlines a basic “ritual-founding” level, which indicates “switching” to the ritualized dimension according to the understanding of a ritual as a complex modeling system with a special type of communicative relations between actors caused by a particular type of agency. The proto-function of such a basic ritual act is both adaptive and communicative in a broad sense. The main properties of the agency in the ritualized interaction include super-agency, empowerment, engagement, distributivity, marking. Such a feature as intentionality, which causes numerous discussions among scientists, is acquiring the specific manifestations in the ritualized communication. In ritualized communicative practices there is a tendency for grading and variation of the manifestations of the main components of the agency, depending on the type and field of ritual’s functioning, cultural context, which requires further in-depth cultural and pragmatic linguistic research.

Exploring voluntary external disclosure of intellectual capital in listed companies

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to create a conceptual model that practically assists companies to produce an effective voluntary external intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) and valorises both the company’s and the stakeholders’ role. It illustrates the relationship among voluntary ICD mechanisms and it takes into consideration the feedback mechanism from external stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachNielsen and Madsen’s (2009) study constitutes the framework of the conceptual model, as it refers to a “sender to receiver” model, which is particularly useful for the research.FindingsAn effective ICD may only be achieved through a combination of decisions taking into account each individual company’s needs and those of stakeholders’ ones. In addition, the dimensions on which the conceptual model is based are already in use in other widespread disclosure models, and this favours the company.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations concern design features, recipients and validity of the conceptual model. In terms of theoretical implications, the model emphasizes an “integrated ICD” approach; in addition, the model is based on some dimensions which characterize widespread and general communication models already in use.Practical implicationsFirst, this relates to the production of an effective ICD when considered as “one-way information”, from the company to the stakeholders. Second, this relates to the interaction between the company and its stakeholders, within a dyadic exchange.Originality/valueThe conceptual model is based on some dimensions which characterize widespread and general communication models already in use, which in the model are applied to ICD. Therefore, companies may favour making an ICD, as they are already confident and familiar with these dimensions.

A sound and complete reasoning system for asynchronous communication with shared futures

Distributed and concurrent object-oriented systems are difficult to analyze due to the complexity of their concurrency, communication, and synchronization mechanisms. We consider the setting of concurrent objects communicating by asynchronous method calls. The future mechanism extends the traditional method call communication model by facilitating sharing of references to futures. By assigning method call result values to futures, third party objects may pick up these values. This may reduce the time spent waiting for replies in a distributed environment. However, futures add a level of complexity to program analysis, as the program semantics becomes more involved.This paper presents a Hoare style reasoning system for distributed objects based on a general concurrency and communication model focusing on asynchronous method calls and futures. The model facilitates invariant specifications over the locally visible communication history of each object. Compositional reasoning is supported, and each object may be specified and verified independently of its environment. The presented reasoning system is proven sound and (relatively) complete with respect to the given operational semantics.

Detecting cues to deception from children's facial expressions: On the effectiveness of two visual manipulation techniques

This paper looks into the extent to which facial expressions may reveal whether a person is telling the truth or not. More specifically, it studies selected clips from video recordings of children who had participated in an interactive story paradigm that naturally elicits minimal pairs of truthful and deceptive utterances in participants. In two perception experiments, these pairs of clips (with audio removed) were shown to adult observers who were given the task to guess which member of the pair contained the deceptive utterance. Experiment 1 tested whether the likelihood of correct detection could be enhanced when clips were slowed down compared to clips at normal speed. Results revealed that this manipulation indeed had a positive effect on lie detection, albeit that the effect interacted with the order of presentation (lies are easier to see when they are shown after rather than before the truthful utterance) and kind of lie (second attempts of children to lie reveal more cues than their first attempts). Experiment 2 explored whether lie detection is different for recordings in which the full face of a child is shown, or for recordings in which either the eye or mouth region is hidden after digital manipulation. This experiment revealed that the partial presentations of the face lead to more correct deception detection than the full face presentation. Implications of the outcomes of Experiment 1 and 2 for lie detection and for a general model of nonverbal communication are discussed.

Errors in Pragmatics

In this paper we are going to show that error coping strategies play an essential role in linguistic pragmatics. We study the effect of noisy speaker strategies within a framework of signalling games with feedback loop. We distinguish between cases in which errors occur in message selection and cases in which they occur in signal selection. The first type of errors affects the content of an utterance, and the second type its linguistic expression. The general communication model is inspired by the Shannon---Weaver communication model. We test the model by a number of benchmark examples, including examples of relevance implicatures, quantity implicatures, and presupposition accommodation.

Confirmation and Community The Relationships between Teacher Confirmation, Classroom Community, Student Motivation, and Learning

The purpose of this study is to examine sense of classroom community as a potential mediating variable in the model of teacher communicative behaviors (teacher confirmation) to the positive student outcomes of student motivation and affective learning. Two competing models were tested for model fit: the linear-sequential model and the partial-mediator model. Results indicated that while both models achieved adequate fit, the linear-sequential model is best suited for the data and for heuristic purposes. Results are discussed in terms of the general model of instructional communication (McCroskey, Valencic, & Richmond, 2004) and ways to use instructor communicative behaviors to improve the sense of classroom community.

Design of QoS in Intelligent Communication Environments Based on Neural Network

Due to the latest developments in communication and computing, smart services and applications are being deployed for various applications such as entertainment, health care, smart homes, security and surveillance. In intelligent communication environments, the main difficulty arising in designing an efficient congestion control scheme lies in the large propagation delay in data transfer which usually leads to a mismatch between the network resources and the amount of admitted traffic. To attack this problem, this paper describes a novel congestion control scheme in intelligent communication environments, which is based on a Back Propagation (BP) neural network technique. We consider a general computer communication model with multiple sources and one destination node. The dynamic buffer occupancy of the bottleneck node is predicted and controlled by using a BP neural network. The controlled best-effort traffic of the sources uses the bandwidth, which is left over by the guaranteed traffic. This control mechanism is shown to be able to avoid network congestion efficiently and to optimize the transfer performance both by the theoretic analyzing procedures and by the simulation studies.

A Structural Equation Modeling Evaluation of the General Model of Instructional Communication

The General Model of Instructional Communication introduced by McCroskey, Valencic, and Richmond (2004) is supported in its original conception by canonical data. This study, however, uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to provide a more detailed analysis. Although the model as originally hypothesized fits the data poorly, analysis of the SEM results suggests adjustments to the original model that substantially improve the model's fit. The revised model accounts for significant portions of the variance in the outcome variables, provides a more detailed explanation of the relationships involved, and has implications for future research. Bootstrapped parameter estimates suggest that the results are replicable.