Background: The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011 in Japan. To this day, over 140,000 people have been forced to evacuate their homes due to a nuclear accident, which occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus was increased among evacuees after the disaster, compared with that before the disaster. Methods: A prospective study of Japanese subjects aged 40-90 years was undertaken using data collected from 32,949 participants (14,963 men and 17,986 women) in general health checkups conducted in 12 communities, including the evacuation zone specified by the government, between 2008 and 2010. Height, body weight, blood pressure, and blood test such as glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid panel were examined. Follow-up examination was conducted between 2011 and 2012 (at least of 6-month after the disaster). The participants were divided into two groups: evacuees and non-evacuees. Changes in metabolic profiles among the evacuees and non-evacuees were compared between before and after the disaster. Results: 22,117 participants (10,170 men and 11,947 women, follow-up rate: 67%) received follow-up examination after the disaster, and an average follow up was 1.5-years. Mean levels of body weight were significantly increased in the both evacuee and non-evacuee groups after the disaster, and changes in body weight and body mass index were greater in the evacuee group than those in the non-evacuee group; +1.3kg versus +0.3kg, p<0.001, and +0.60kg/m 2 versus +0.13kg/m 2 , p<0.001. In the evacuee group, prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus was increased after the disaster. Respective prevalence before and after the disaster were 31.8% and 39.4% for obesity (body mass index>=25.0kg/m 2 ), 54.2% and 60.2% for hypertension, 41.2% and 53.9% for dyslipidemia, and 10.2% and 11.9% for diabetes mellitus, while, in the non-evacuee group, those were 28.3% and 30.3%, 54.7% and 60.0%, 42.6% and 49.4%, and 8.5% and 9.9%. Conclusions: Prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus may be increased among residents, especially evacuees, in the evacuation zone of Fukushima prefecture after the Great East Japan Earthquake.