General Background Research Articles

아버지의 미디어 중재 유형과 유아 정서지능 간의 관계 및 영향

This study aims to analyze the effects of fathers’ media mediation styles on the emotional intelligence of young children in the context of modern society, where media usage is becoming increasingly prevalent at younger ages. By investigating this relationship, the study seeks to provide implications for enhancing children’s emotional intelligence and for developing effective media guidance strategies for parents. To achieve this, a survey was conducted with 230 fathers of children aged 3-5 years. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0, employing t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed three key findings. First, significant differences were observed in fathers’ media mediation styles depending on their general background. Second, fathers’ positive media mediation was significantly positively correlated with all sub-factors of children’s emotional intelligence, while negative mediation was also positively correlated with most sub-factors except for self-emotional regulation. In contrast, neglectful mediation showed a negative correlation with children’s emotional intelligence. Third, positive and negative mediation styles of fathers had significant positive effects on children’s emotional intelligence, whereas neglectful mediation had a negative effect. These findings can serve as foundational data for exploring concrete and desirable directions for fathers’ media mediation to promote appropriate media use and enhance emotional intelligence in young children.

Lending Targets and Marketing Performance at BPRS Puduarta Insani

General background: Human resource management is a critical component of organizational success, particularly in the banking sector where marketing performance directly influences financial outcomes. Specific background: In the context of Sharia banking, institutions like PT. BPRS Puduarta Insani implement lending targets to guide marketing efforts. Knowledge gap: However, limited research has explored the dual impact—both motivational and burdensome—of such targets on employee performance in Islamic microfinance contexts. Aims: This study aims to analyze how the imposition of lending targets affects the work performance of Account Officers at PT. BPRS Puduarta Insani. Results: The findings reveal that while clear targets and associated rewards enhance motivation, focus, and creativity, excessively high targets induce stress and risk the compromise of prudential financing standards. Novelty: The study uniquely integrates qualitative insights to highlight the dynamic interplay between target-setting, compensation, and psychological well-being in a Sharia banking context. Implications: These results suggest that a balanced target-setting approach—aligned with market realities and employee capacity—can transform lending goals into performance drivers without undermining ethical lending standards.Highlight : Clear targets improve focus — Lending targets give Account Officers a structured direction to perform better. Rewards drive motivation — Incentives linked to target achievement enhance creativity and competitiveness. Excessive pressure risks performance — Unrealistic targets can lead to stress and compromise financing quality. Keywords : Sharia Bank, Marketing Performance, Compensation, Motivation, Lending Target

Media Framing of the ‘Barking Student’ Case in the National News of Kompas.com and Tempo.co

General Background: In the digital age, online media significantly shape public perception, particularly on social issues like bullying. Specific Background: The case of a high school student coerced into barking by a parent drew national attention, highlighting divergent media narratives. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing media coverage of bullying, limited research has examined how different news platforms frame the same incident. Aims: This study investigates how Kompas.com and Tempo.co framed the "barking student" case using Robert N. Entman’s framing model. Results: Kompas.com employed an empathetic frame emphasizing child protection and psychological impact, while Tempo.co adopted a legalistic frame spotlighting law enforcement and institutional response. Novelty: By comparing two prominent Indonesian media outlets, this study reveals how contrasting journalistic orientations construct divergent social realities from a single event. Implications: The findings underscore the media’s role in agenda setting and the ethical responsibility of news platforms in shaping public discourse on sensitive issues like bullying.Highlight : The study highlights contrasting framing strategies used by Kompas.com (empathetic) and Tempo.co (legalistic) in reporting the same bullying case. It applies Robert N. Entman’s framing model, showing how different media define problems, assign causes, make moral judgments, and suggest solutions. The research underscores the power of media in shaping public perception and constructing different social realities from a single incident. Keywords : Media Framing, Bullying, Kompas.com, Tempo.co, Entman Framing Theory

Dualism of Land Rights Recognition in National and Customary Legal Systems in the Perspective of Dignified Justice

General Background: The recognition of land rights in Indonesia reflects a complex legal landscape marked by the coexistence of national land law and indigenous customary (ulayat) rights. Specific Background: This dualism often leads to legal uncertainty and conflicts, particularly in areas where indigenous land tenure systems remain active. Knowledge Gap: While existing studies acknowledge the presence of legal dualism, few explore it through the lens of dignified justice rooted in Pancasila values. Aims: This research aims to analyze the dualism of land rights recognition in Indonesia through the perspective of dignified justice, which upholds human dignity, balanced rights and obligations, and non-discriminatory legal treatment. Results: The findings reveal that dignified justice requires national land law to not merely coexist with, but harmonize and complement, ulayat rights to protect indigenous socio-cultural values while ensuring legal certainty. Novelty: The study introduces a framework wherein the UUPA (Basic Agrarian Law) serves as a foundational bridge to align state sovereignty over land with the recognition of living customary laws. Implications: Future regulatory frameworks must promote structural and administrative harmony, ensuring equitable land governance that respects cultural identity without compromising national legal unity. Highlights: Balances national legal certainty with indigenous land rights. Promotes harmony between customary and state law. Emphasizes justice based on Pancasila values. Keywords: Legal Dualism, Land Rights, Dignified Justice

Integrating The Indexation Method Into Uzbekistan’s Cadastral Valuation System

General Background: In modern tax systems, aligning cadastral values with real market conditions is essential for fair and accurate taxation. Specific Background: Uzbekistan’s current static cadastral valuation system lacks mechanisms to promptly reflect changes in market prices, leading to inefficiencies and tax inequities. Knowledge Gap: Despite modernization efforts, there is no established method for periodically updating cadastral values in response to economic fluctuations. Aims: This study aims to assess the feasibility of integrating indexation into Uzbekistan’s cadastral valuation system and propose a suitable methodology. Results: The research shows that indexation—used globally in countries like Belgium, Spain, and Italy—enhances valuation accuracy, ensures fairer tax burdens, and stabilizes government revenues. Novelty: The study offers a tailored methodology based on international best practices and adapted to Uzbekistan’s specific institutional and data contexts, emphasizing automated integration and public transparency. Implications: Implementing indexation will promote equity in property taxation, reduce administrative burdens, and support the development of a stable, transparent, and adaptive cadastral system aligned with market dynamics.Highlight : Ensures Tax Accuracy – Indexation aligns property values with market conditions, improving fairness and equity in real estate taxation. Supports Fiscal Stability – Regular value updates through indexation help maintain a predictable and stable tax base. Adaptable Integration – The proposed model allows integration with existing digital systems like CAMA for efficient implementation. Keywords : Cadastral Value, Indexation Method, Real Estate Tax, Tax Accuracy, Market Price Index.

Responsible ChatGPT Use Among STKIP Muhammadiyah Pagaralam Students

General Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has transformed students' approaches to learning and task completion. Specific Background: One of the most prominent AI tools, ChatGPT, offers rapid assistance with academic work, yet raises concerns about over-reliance and ethical misuse. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing global discourse, there remains limited empirical research on AI usage in smaller, non-urban institutions in Indonesia. Aims: This study investigates how students at STKIP Muhammadiyah Pagaralam utilize ChatGPT to complete assignments, examining usage patterns, benefits, ethical awareness, and dependence. Results: Based on responses from 353 students, 95.8% reported using ChatGPT, primarily for essays and reference gathering. While 92.8% found it helpful for efficiency, 91.1% cross-verified its content, and 61.2% claimed continued task capability without it. Novelty: Unlike prior studies with conceptual or qualitative scopes, this research provides the first quantitative insight into ChatGPT's academic role in a Muhammadiyah institution. Implications: The findings highlight a balanced integration of AI, underscoring the need for institutional policies that encourage ethical use while fostering digital literacy and independent learning.Highlight : ChatGPT is widely used (95.8%) but students remain critical—91.1% verify its outputs with other sources. Most students benefit from faster task completion and improved understanding without over-relying on the tool. Ethical awareness is high—83.4% recognize plagiarism risks and support responsible AI use in education. Keywords : ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence, Academic Tasks, Technology Dependence, Academic Ethics

The relationship between specialized secondary school education and personal manifestations of students

The article presents the results of an empirical study of personality traits (perfectionism, life satisfaction, stress tolerance and neuroticism) of adolescents. The purpose of the research work is to study the peculiarities of perfectionism, life satisfaction, and stress tolerance of adolescent schoolchildren studying in general education and specialized classes. Using the analysis of primary statistics, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and variance analysis with a nonparametric Welch correction, significant differences in most indicators were found between students from general education and specialized classes. In specialized classes, the level of perfectionism on all scales is significantly higher; in general education classes, students do not make excessive demands on themselves and others. It is important to note that the indicators of the life satisfaction index and the general mood background are within the normal range for all students. Significant differences between personality traits were found depending on the learning profile. In all specialized classes, the stress tolerance level is below average, and neuroticism is expressed in the chemical-biological and physical-mathematical profiles.

Modern Approaches to Teaching in Medical Universities

General Background: In modern medical education, traditional didactic methods are no longer sufficient to meet the dynamic demands of clinical practice. Specific Background: Uzbekistan’s medical universities are undergoing pedagogical reforms to emphasize creativity, integrative learning, and student-centered approaches. Knowledge Gap: Despite theoretical discourse on creative pedagogy, empirical frameworks integrating creativity into medical training in post-Soviet contexts remain underdeveloped. Aims: This study investigates how integrative-creative pedagogical methods influence the professional and cognitive development of medical students. Results: The findings reveal that integrating motivational, cognitive, and reflective components through clinical simulations and creative tasks enhances students’ independent thinking, problem-solving abilities, and professional identity. Novelty: The research codifies a model of integrative-creative pedagogy, highlighting student motivation, teacher improvisation, and reflective learning as essential components in fostering creative readiness. Implications: These insights contribute to educational reforms, suggesting that embedding creativity systematically into curricula cultivates more innovative, adaptable, and competent medical professionals ready to meet contemporary healthcare challenges.Highlight : Integrative-creative pedagogy boosts both professional and personal competencies in medical students. Motivation, reflection, and intuition are key components of creative readiness. The study proposes a model to systematically embed creativity into medical curricula. Keywords : Creative Thinking, Integrative Learning, Medical Education, Professional Readiness, Pedagogical

Essential Basic Structural Components in the Educational Process of a Medical University

General Background: The evolving demands of global healthcare systems require medical education to shift from traditional theoretical instruction to innovative, competency-based learning. Specific Background: In Uzbekistan, this transformation is aligned with national reforms emphasizing the development of independently thinking medical professionals. Knowledge Gap: While creativity is acknowledged as vital in medical training, there remains a lack of comprehensive models explaining how integrative-creative thinking is systematically embedded within pedagogical structures, especially in post-Soviet contexts. Aims: This study aims to identify the essential structural components of integrative-creative pedagogy in Uzbekistan’s medical universities, using Bukhara State Medical Institute as a case. Results: The findings reveal a procedural model integrating motivational-personal engagement, intuitive insight, imaginative reasoning, and clinical improvisation, contributing to creative-professional identity formation. Novelty: The research proposes a contextualized framework where creativity is continuous, emerging from structured educational-cognitive practices, rather than episodic. Implications: These insights offer practical guidance for curriculum designers and educators aiming to foster adaptive, innovative clinicians, and inform global conversations on pedagogical transformation in medical education.Highlight : Identifies creative thinking as a structural necessity in medical training. Emphasizes the role of student-led inquiry and clinical simulations in fostering professional identity. Proposes a localized pedagogical model suitable for medical education reform in Uzbekistan. Keywords : Creative Thinking, Integrative Learning, Medical Education, Pedagogical Innovation, Clinical

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Diverse Plant Extracts

General background: Nanotechnology has emerged as a vital field for the development of functional materials at the nanoscale, with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) gaining attention due to their high thermal stability, cost-efficiency, and antimicrobial properties. Specific background: Traditional physical and chemical synthesis methods, while effective, often pose environmental risks and scalability challenges. In contrast, green synthesis utilizing plant extracts offers a sustainable alternative. Knowledge gap: Despite growing interest, a comprehensive understanding of how different plant species and zinc salts affect ZnO NP morphology and functionality remains limited. Aims: This review aims to consolidate recent studies on the green synthesis of ZnO NPs using diverse plant extracts and zinc precursors, focusing on synthesis parameters and resulting nanoparticle characteristics. Results: Analysis reveals that variables such as molarity, temperature, and reaction time significantly influence particle size (8–66 nm), shape (spherical, hexagonal, rod-like), and bioactivity (antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant). Novelty: This work systematically compares a wide array of plant-mediated synthesis strategies, offering a unique reference for optimizing ZnO NP production. Implications: These findings highlight the potential of eco-friendly synthesis routes for biomedical, environmental, and industrial applications, supporting further advancement in sustainable nanotechnology.Highlight : The review emphasizes the eco-friendly and cost-effective green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using various plant extracts. It discusses how synthesis conditions (e.g., temperature, molarity, reaction time) significantly affect size and morphology of ZnO NPs. Biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibit diverse biomedical and environmental applications, including antimicrobial, anticancer, and photocatalytic uses. Keywords : Nanotechnology, Green Synthesis, ZnO Nanoparticles, Plant Extracts, Biomedical Applications

Farmer Satisfaction with Dipanen Pro Auction App

General Background: The agricultural sector, especially horticulture, plays a vital role in Indonesia’s economy, yet chili farmers face persistent market volatility due to long distribution chains and price disparities. Specific Background: In Karangrejo, Kulon Progo, the introduction of the Dipanen Pro application aimed to provide an equitable and transparent digital auction system to streamline chili marketing. Knowledge Gap: While digital market innovations exist, empirical studies examining user satisfaction and trust from farmers' perspectives—especially on auction apps like Dipanen Pro—remain scarce. Aims: This study assesses the satisfaction of chili farmers using Dipanen Pro and identifies critical factors influencing their perceptions. Results: Using a survey of 30 active users and descriptive statistical analysis, the study found overall satisfaction across five SERVQUAL dimensions—tangibles, empathy, reliability, responsiveness, and assurance—with the highest score in assurance (RK = 4.5) and the lowest in reliability (RK = 3.8). Novelty: The study highlights reliability as a persistent challenge, suggesting that technical stability and transactional security remain pivotal for long-term adoption despite general user satisfaction. Implications: Findings provide valuable insights for platform developers and policymakers to refine auction-based agricultural marketing, particularly by strengthening digital reliability and building sustained user trust for rural farming communities. Highlights: Farmers report high satisfaction with Dipanen Pro, especially in service assurance. Reliability is the weakest factor, requiring urgent technical improvement. The study emphasizes user trust as crucial for sustaining digital agricultural platforms. Keywords: auction market, chili, digital marketing, farmer satisfaction, rural technology

Revitalizing Character Values in the Era of Disruption through the Strategic Role of Teachers as Student Personality Formers.

General Background: The era of disruption—driven by technological advancement, globalization, and social transformation—has significantly impacted education. Specific Background: In this context, the erosion of core character values among students, such as responsibility, honesty, and social concern, has become a critical concern, exacerbated by the digital environment and a culture of instant gratification. Knowledge Gap: Despite ongoing educational reforms, limited empirical attention has been given to the adaptive role of teachers in preserving and revitalizing character education within contemporary challenges. Aims: This study aims to analyze the strategic roles played by teachers in fostering student character development amidst disruptive change. Results: Employing a qualitative method through literature review and targeted field observations in several high schools, findings highlight that teachers act as role models, facilitators of moral values, and cultivators of character-based school culture. Novelty: The study identifies the integration of character values in teaching, digital media, and extracurricular reinforcement—combined with collaboration among teachers, parents, and communities—as a comprehensive and adaptable strategy. Implications: These insights underscore the necessity for educators to commit to character education while evolving in tandem with societal and technological progress. Highlights: Teachers are key agents in shaping student character amid disruption. Integration of values into learning and extracurriculars is essential. Collaboration with parents and communities strengthens outcomes. Keywords: Character Education, Teacher Role, Digital Disruption, Moral Values, Educational Strategy

Relationships between addiction and the COMT rs4680 Gene Polymorphism

General background: Addiction to drugs and alcohol presents a severe public health burden worldwide, driven by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Specific background: The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, particularly the rs4680 (Val158Met) polymorphism, is known to influence dopamine regulation in the prefrontal cortex, a key area in addiction pathology. Knowledge gap: However, there remains limited genetic data on this polymorphism's role in addiction susceptibility within the Iraqi population. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association between COMT rs4680 genotypes and the risk of drug and alcohol addiction among Iraqi males. Results: Genotyping 90 male participants revealed a significantly higher frequency of the A allele and AA genotype among addicts, with the AA genotype increasing addiction risk up to 17-fold for alcohol and 14-fold for drug use. The GA genotype showed intermediate risk. Novelty: This is among the first studies to demonstrate a strong association between COMT rs4680 variants and addiction in the Iraqi population, highlighting allele-dose effects on susceptibility. Implications: These findings suggest that COMT polymorphism may serve as a potential biomarker for addiction vulnerability and provide a foundation for future genetic and pharmacological interventions in personalized addiction treatment.Highlight : COMT rs4680 polymorphism showed a strong association with the risk of drug and alcohol addiction, especially in the A (Met) allele and AA genotype. Individuals with the AA genotype had a 14-17 times greater risk of addiction than the control group. The GA genotype showed an intermediate risk, particularly in alcohol addiction (OR = 5.4) although it was not significant for drugs. Keywords : COMT, rs4680, Addiction, Val158Met, Dopamine

Optimizing School Operational Support Fund Management to Support Teacher Performance Improvement

General Background: Education quality is closely linked to how financial resources are managed, particularly in public schools. Specific Background: BOS (School Operational Assistance) funds are crucial in Indonesia's educational framework, yet their effectiveness in improving teacher performance remains underexplored at the micro level. Knowledge Gap: Few studies have examined how structured fund management influences teacher performance through school-based planning and implementation. Aims: This study aims to analyze the management of BOS funds at SMP N 62 Muaro Jambi, focusing on four administrative aspects—planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation—and how these influence teacher performance. Results: Using a qualitative descriptive approach with inductive analysis, findings indicate that BOS fund management follows a systematic process led by a designated team. Effective allocation supports teacher development through improved facilities and professional training. Novelty: The study highlights the role of strategic planning and stakeholder coordination in maximizing limited resources while addressing challenges like delayed disbursement. Implications: Strengthening internal coordination and improving fund disbursement mechanisms can significantly enhance educational outcomes by empowering teachers, suggesting that governance reforms at the school level may yield broader systemic benefits. Highlights: Structured Management: BOS funds are managed through planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation. Performance Impact: Effective fund use enhances teacher performance via training and facilities. Challenge & Solution: Delays and limited funds are tackled through improved coordination and planning. Keywords: BOS Fund Management, Teacher Performance, Educational Quality, School Governance, Resource Allocation

Domestic Investment as Key Driver of Employment in Jabodetabek

General Background: Urban agglomerations like Greater Jakarta face complex labor market challenges amidst rapid economic growth and demographic shifts. Specific Background: The region’s employment dynamics are shaped by policy instruments such as minimum wage regulations, domestic investment, and the proliferation of micro and small industries. Knowledge Gap: Prior research has rarely examined the simultaneous influence of these three variables within a unified analytical model specific to the Jabodetabek context. Aims: This study aims to analyze the effects of minimum wage, domestic investment, and the number of micro and small industries on labor absorption in the Greater Jakarta area from 2017 to 2023. Results: Using a panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), the findings reveal that only domestic investment significantly and positively affects labor absorption, while minimum wage and the number of micro and small industries do not show significant impacts. Novelty: The study offers a novel integrated model that captures the joint influence of three key economic variables across nine metropolitan areas. Implications: The results underscore the need for policy focus on stimulating domestic investment and enhancing the capacity of small enterprises to sustainably address urban employment challenges.Highlight : Only domestic investment has a statistically significant and positive influence on labor absorption in the Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek) area. Minimum wage and micro-small industries do not significantly affect labor absorption, highlighting structural limitations in informal sectors. Policy recommendations emphasize boosting domestic investment and improving the quality and innovation of micro-small enterprises. Keywords : Labor Absorption, Minimum Wage, Domestic Investment, Micro and Small Industries, Jabodetabek

Changes in Impairment Loss Allowances on Receivables Under PSAK 71

General Background: Transparency and accuracy in financial reporting are crucial for publicly listed companies, especially in the banking sector. Specific Background: The adoption of PSAK 71 in 2020, replacing PSAK 55, introduced the Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model to enhance credit risk recognition in Indonesia’s financial system. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies lacked longitudinal data spanning pre-, during-, and post-crisis periods to capture the full impact of this standard. Aim: This study analyzes changes in allowance for impairment losses (CKPN) on receivables before and after PSAK 71 implementation in Indonesian banking companies listed on the IDX from 2015 to 2023. Results: The findings reveal a statistically significant increase in CKPN post-implementation, indicating more conservative credit risk estimations and improved accuracy in financial reporting. Novelty: This research uniquely covers a comprehensive time frame including the COVID-19 crisis, and applies both parametric (t-test) and non-parametric (Mann–Whitney U) tests, ensuring robust statistical validation. Implications: The results provide empirical support for standard-setters, regulators, auditors, and banking practitioners, highlighting PSAK 71’s role in strengthening financial statement reliability and credit risk management under various economic conditions.Highlight : Impairment reserves increased significantly after PSAK 71 implementation. ECL method better reflects future credit risk than incurred loss model. Validity strengthened by covering pre-, during-, and post-crisis periods. Keywords : CKPN; PSAK 71; Expected Credit Loss; Banking Sector; Financial Reporting

Halal Compliance Driven by Awareness, Knowledge, Convenience, and Producer Attitude

General Background: The increasing demand for halal-certified products underscores the importance of regulatory compliance among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Specific Background: In Indonesia, especially in regions like Deli Serdang, halal certification among MSMEs remains limited despite supportive policies. Knowledge Gap: Few studies empirically assess the behavioral and cognitive factors influencing halal certification compliance at the MSME level. Aims: This study aims to examine the relationship between halal certification compliance and four factors: halal awareness, knowledge, convenience, and producer attitudes among MSMEs in Deli Serdang Regency. Results: Using a quantitative descriptive approach with multiple linear regression on data from 100 purposively sampled participants, the study found that knowledge and convenience significantly affect compliance (p = 0.000), while awareness and producer attitudes do not (p = 0.100 and 0.120). Collectively, these factors explain 69% of the variance in compliance (R² = 0.690, p = 0.000). Novelty: The research uniquely combines psychological and practical constructs to analyze halal certification behavior, providing a comprehensive behavioral framework. Implications: These findings offer actionable insights for policymakers, certification authorities, and MSME stakeholders to design targeted training and regulatory support aimed at enhancing halal compliance and reducing certification barriers. Highlights : Highlights the dominant role of knowledge and convenience in halal certification compliance. Reveals that awareness and attitude alone do not ensure compliance. Offers policy insights to improve MSME halal practices through targeted interventions. Keywords: Halal Awareness, Halal Certification, MSME Compliance, Producer Attitudes, Halal Knowledge

Lifestyle Mediates Financial Attitudes and Self-Concept in Student Consumption

General Background: Urban living has influenced student lifestyles, often fostering consumptive behaviors. Specific Background: Overseas students are particularly vulnerable, facing peer pressure and environmental shifts that affect their financial decisions and self-perception. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies report inconsistent findings regarding how financial attitudes and self-concept affect consumption behavior, particularly lacking the mediating role of lifestyle. Aims: This study investigates whether lifestyle mediates the relationship between financial attitudes, self-concept, and the consumption behavior of overseas students. Results: Using a quantitative approach with SmartPLS 4 and data from 114 FEB UPN Veteran East Java students, the study found that both financial attitudes and self-concept negatively relate to lifestyle and consumption behavior, while lifestyle has a positive relationship with consumption and serves as a mediator. Novelty: The study provides novel insights by integrating lifestyle as a mediating variable, clarifying the previously inconsistent relationships among variables. Implications: The findings suggest that fostering a modest lifestyle may reduce consumptive behavior, even among students with weaker financial attitudes or lower self-concept, guiding effective interventions in student financial education and lifestyle management.Highlight : Lifestyle significantly moderates the link between financial attitude and consumptive behavior. Negative self-concept does not always lead to high consumption due to financial constraints. Students with high allowances and trendy environments are more prone to consumptive lifestyles. Keywords : Lifestyle, Financial Attitude, Self-Concept, Consumptive Behavior, Overseas Students

Digital Payment, Support, and Ethics Drive Micro and Small Business Income

General Background: The rapid evolution of financial technology has introduced digital payment systems as vital tools for business growth. Specific Background: Within the context of Indonesian micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), especially in Medan City, these advancements intersect with government policy and religious ethics. Knowledge Gap: However, limited empirical evidence exists on how digital payments, Islamic business principles, and state subsidies collectively influence MSME income. Aims: This study aims to quantitatively examine the effect of digital payment technologies, Islamic business practices, and government subsidies on MSME revenue in Medan. Results: Using a correlational approach and Slovin-based purposive sampling of 100 MSME owners from a population of 70,843, multiple linear regression analysis reveals that all three independent variables significantly and positively affect MSME income. Novelty: The study integrates faith-based economic principles with technological and policy variables, providing a unique multidimensional perspective on MSME growth. Implications: The findings suggest that synergistic support—combining ethical entrepreneurship, digital finance, and government intervention—can enhance income generation for MSMEs, thereby offering valuable policy insights for sustainable economic development. Highlights: Reveals how Islamic principles integrate with modern business tools. Shows digital payments and subsidies boost MSME profits. Offers policy insights for sustainable MSME development. Keywords: Digital Payments, Islamic Business, Government Subsidies, MSME Income

Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama Melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti Peserta Didik Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 2 Kabupaten Bulukumba

General Background: Indonesia’s rich cultural and religious diversity presents both a valuable asset and a potential source of social tension. Specific Background: Increasing cases of intolerance among students underscore the urgency of embedding religious moderation values through education. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have largely focused on high school and university levels, with limited exploration at the junior high school level, especially in local contexts such as Bulukumba. Aims: This study aims to investigate how religious moderation values are instilled through Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character Education at SMP Negeri 2 Bulukumba. Results: Using a qualitative case study approach, findings show that values like tolerance, justice, openness, respect for differences, harmony, and rejection of extremism are integrated effectively into classroom teaching and school culture, though challenged by students’ diverse backgrounds and social media influences. Novelty: The study highlights how local cultural values, such as siri’ and pangadereng, can be contextualized to support moderate Islamic education. Implications: These findings suggest the need for inclusive, context-sensitive pedagogical strategies to strengthen national resilience through character education grounded in religious moderation.Highlight : The cultivation of religious moderation values through PAI and Budi Pekerti increases students' tolerance and openness to religious and cultural differences. The main obstacles come from the influence of social media, differences in cultural backgrounds, and lack of parental support. Effective religious moderation education integrates the curriculum, teacher role models, and inclusive school activities. Keywords : Religious Moderation, Islamic Education, Character Formation, Student Tolerance, Inclusive Schooling