General Architecture For Text Engineering Research Articles

Developing ICALL tools using GATE

This article discusses the use of the General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) as a tool for the development of ICALL and NLP applications. It outlines a paradigm shift in software development, which is mainly influenced by projects such as the Free Software Foundation. It looks at standards that have been proposed to facilitate the compatibility and reusability of resources in the area of NLP, e-learning and ICALL. A pragmatic solution to the problem of missing standards for the development of ICALL related software will be presented and a concrete project based on this model of development is briefly discussed at the end of the paper.

Towards Constructing a Chinese Information Extraction System to Support Innovations in Library Services

Being aware of the importance of Information Extraction (IE) in supporting innovation in many areas of library services, the authors began to construct a Chinese information extraction system to effectively process huge Chinese information resources. The authors bring forth a Chinese IE solution which makes full use of the GATE (General Architecture for Text Engineering) system from the University of Sheffield, trying to develop a Chinese IE plug-in to process Chinese information resources based on the GATE framework. The article analyses the framework of the GATE system, describes the Chinese IE solution based on the GATE system and focuses on three key difficulties in the process of implementing a Chinese information extraction system. These are: 1. Chinese tokenizing problem; 2. professional gazetteers; 3. Chinese named entity recognition. The authors have successfully implemented this system and carried out an experiment in which the Chinese IE system successfully extracted thousands of pieces of science and technology news. The authors believe this system is a significant trial and lays a good foundation for future research work.

Developing and evaluating an IT specification extraction system

PurposeThis paper seeks to establish an extraction system for an information technology (IT) product specification named ITSIES which combines the natural language process (NLP) with the ontology concept and also to evaluate the system's effectiveness in advance.Design/methodology/approachThe development of the system is based on a prototype design and performance validation. This study adopts four classes of IT specification (PC, Unix server, Monitor, and Printer) that follow IBM's and HP's product lines as the baseline information in order to construct the extraction system in GATE (General Architecture for Text Engineering) tools and to examine the IT product specification with other brands and patterns. Additionally indices are adopted such as precision, recall, and F‐measure as the matrices for evaluating system performance.FindingsThe performance shows that the average recall, precision, and F‐measure are all over 90 per cent, revealing that the JAPE (Java Annotation Patterns Engine) grammar rules in the IT domain are reasonably good and generally in line with expectations.Originality/valueThe paper proposes an integrative framework to examine IT product specification information and demonstrates that the system is effective for IT application.

Visual Tools for Natural Language Processing

We describe GATE, the General Architecture for Text Engineering, an integrated visual development environment to support the visual assembly, execution and analysis of modular natural language processing systems. The visual model is an executable data flow program graph, automatically synthesised from data dependency declarations of language processing modules. The graph is then directly executable: modules are run interactively in the graph, and results are accessible via generic text visualisation tools linked to the modules. These tools lighten the ‘cognitive load’ of viewing and comparing module results by relating data produced by modules back to the underlying text, by reducing the amount of search in examining results, and by displaying results in context. Overall, the GATE integrated visual development environment leads to rapid understanding of system behaviour and hence to rapid system refinement, therefore demonstrating the utility of visual programming and visualisation techniques for the development of natural language processing systems.