General Administration Of Sport Research Articles

Cardiorespiratory Function Characteristics Of Chinese Health Qigong Wuqinxi

Health Qigong Wuqinxi (HQW) is a Traditional Chinese Exercise. During the pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the General Administration of Sport and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Medical Team advocated citizens to practice Qigong. Experts pointed out that most people are accustomed to practicing 3 consecutive HWQ. PURPOSE: To investigate characteristics of HWQ of different sessions on cardiorespiratory function in Chinese adults. METHODS: Seventy-two Chinese adults (36 female; age 20.6 ± 1.2 yr, weight 62.5 ± 10.0 kg, height 169.5 ± 8.3 cm) were assigned into the skilled practice group (SP) and the primary practice group (PP) (male 18 vs. 18, female 18 vs. 18) according to whether HQW exercise lasted for 1 year, which was determined by consulting experts. All subjects were required to wear a portable gas metabolizer and a cardiometer, and practice 1 session, 2 consecutive sessions, and 3 consecutive sessions of HQW (a session of about 13 min), respectively. Oxygen uptake (VO2), oxygen pulse (OP, L/bpm), stroke volume (SV, ml), and minute ventilation volume (MVE, L/min) during exercise were collected and statistics. RESULTS: OP (6.71 ± 1.53 vs. 6.49 ± 1.34, p < 0.05) and MVE (19.44 ± 3.55 vs. 17.85 ± 3.09, p < 0.05) were higher in SP than in PP. About different sessions, OP was higher to practice 2 sessions than 3 sessions in male SP (MSP) (8.09 ± 0.97 vs. 7.60 ± 1.03, p < 0.05), and SV was higher to practice 2 sessions than other sessions in MSP (93.62 ± 9.92 vs. 90.89 ± 9.49 vs. 87.00 ± 10.22, p < 0.05); VO2 was higher to practice 3 sessions than 2 sessions in female SP (FSP) (10.47 ± 1.79 vs. 9.74 ± 1.83, p < 0.05), and MVE was higher to practice 3 sessions than other sessions in FSP (18.62 ± 3.72 vs. 17.30 ± 3.76 vs. 17.31 ± 3.01, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, VO2 (10.47 ± 1.40 vs. 9.76 ± 1.08, p < 0.05) and MVE (20.23 ± 3.21 vs. 19.10 ± 2.90, p < 0.05) were higher to practice 3 sessions than 2 sessions in MPP; VO2 (10.72 ± 1.29 vs. 9.95 ± 1.22, p < 0.05) and MVE (17.44 ± 1.96 vs. 16.15 ± 2.18, p < 0.05) were also higher to practice 3 sessions than 2 sessions in female PP (FPP). CONCLUSION: This study provides basic data on cardiorespiratory function characteristics of HQW for Chinese adults. HQW practicing duration affects cardiorespiratory function; at the beginning, 3 sessions bring greater stimulation, and for the skilled male, the effect of 2 sessions is better.

The National Games of China as a governance instrument in Chinese elite sport: an institutional and agency analysis

ABSTRACTThe National Games of China (NGC) are a large multisport event with approximately 10,000 athletes representing regional teams and competing in 350 contests in more than 30 sport disciplines. The NGC are sometimes called the ‘Olympic Games of China’ because of their comparable format and high national recognition. However, the foreign media and the international research community have not taken sufficient notice of this unique sporting event. This article is the first in the international literature to focus on the NGC by pursuing a twofold research question and aim: (1) to analyse the institutional relationships between the General Administration of Sport (GAS) and the Provincial Sport Bureaus (PSB) within Chinese elite sport policy and (2) to assess how the NGC contribute to the coordination of these public sport governing bodies. The study adopts a socioeconomic approach to institutional efficiency analysis and relies on a thematic analysis of nineteen national academic articles in Mandarin and complementary documents. A key element of this approach is an agency analysis of the relationships among sport governing bodies. Notably, the strong emphasis on medal counts at the NGC in the incentive scheme of the PSB is found to induce unintended outcomes. The development of young talent and amateur sport is disincentivised, while manipulation is incentivised. Despite national criticism, the NGC are not found to be responsible for these negative outcomes and are recommended to be maintained. However, Chinese elite sport policy is encouraged to reform its monitoring system based on multidimensional criteria.

Empirical research on the service mode of China’s scientific fitness demonstration area

Continuous improvement on promoting the scientific fitness service system of mass sports is an important measure to implement nationwide fitness strategy; develop sport industry; and promote sport consumption. This study takes the experimental units of scientific fitness demonstration area regulated by General Administration of Sport of China as the study objects. It combines theoretical research and empirical study together and reached the following conclusions: in order to obtain scientific, demonstrative and sustainable fitness demonstration areas, we shall stick to the guidance of our government; introduce marketing operational mechanism; combine the advantages of human capital from institutions of higher learning; and apply the PPP mode operated by the cooperation between government purchasing service and social capital, making it possible to realize the organic combination of public service and private service.

Comparison of Three Measures to Promote National Fitness in China by Mathematical Modeling

In this paper we established a mathematical model for national fitness in China. Based on a questionnaire and data of the General Administration of Sport of China and the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the dynamics for three classes of people are expressed by a system of three-dimensional ordinary equations. Model parameters are estimated from the data. This study indicated that national fitness put out by the Chinese government is reasonable. By finding the key parameter, the best measure to promote national fitness is put forward. In order to increase the number of people who frequently participate in sport exercise in a short period of time, if only one measure can be chosen, guiding people who never take part in physical exercise will be the best measure.

The Current Investigation and Analysis for the Level of the Primary Schools’ Football Coach in Qingdao

As the leader of the football reform and the famous city in China, it’s certain that Qingdao’s development of the football in primary school has reprehensive. The primary school is the foundation of the basic level school and it also becomes the fertile ground which General Administration of Sport puts great effort to develop football in the school. However, the football coaches of the primary school are the executors and play a very important role in the whole system of the football events. So this thesis has invested and analyzed the current situation of the level of the primary school football coaches in Qingdao by means of questionnaires, interview and other methods. Through these ways we can find some problems that exist in the coaches. And we can put forward the appropriate measures to improve the comprehensive qualities of the football coaches in primary school and enhance the primary school in Qingdao developing smoothly.

Origin and development of qigong-wuqinxi

Qigong-Wuqinxi originated from people's imitation of animals in ancient times. It was compiled by Huatuo, a famous doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Tang and Song periods, Qigong-Wuqinxi was popular and was mentioned in many poems. People put Qigong-Wuqinxi into some order during the Ming-Qing Dynasty and the period of the Republic of China. Pictures were added combined with text. In the 21st century, Qigong-Wuqinxi was divided into many types. In order to popularize it, the General Administration of Sport arranged and standardized Wuqinxi again.

Status Of Exercise Intervention For Chronic Disease In China

PURPOSE: To introduce the status of exercise intervention for chronic disease in China. METHODS: Literature consultation and interview method. With exercise prescription as keyword, and chronic disease and sports as theme author searched Chinese Journal Database for relevant papers in the past 10 years. RESULTS: 1) Relevant research papers: With exercise prescription as keyword, totally 2664, 2282 from 2000 and 387 from core journals, and with chronic disease and sports as theme, totally 794, 671 from 2000 and 129 from core journals. 10% of the 344 manuscripts in exchange of sport medicine in the 8th National Sport Science Conference were about exercise prescription for chronic disease. 2) Relevant research programs: There are more than 10 programs related with exercise prescription for chronic disease, holding by National Science and Technology Ministry, such as, 'Research and Application of Scientific Guide System for Exercise' and 'Research of Nation-wide Exercise Key Technologies and Development of Health Information System', Beijing Educational Committee, General Administration of Sport. All the projects involve assessment of risks in exercises and researches about exercise intervention for chronic disease, which includes high blood pressure, pre-diabetes, diabetes, obesity, lipid metabolism disorders, and osteoporosis and so on. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Most researches are experimental, with individualized exercise prescription as way of exercise intervention, mainly aiming at the early stage of chronic disease and early stage. 2) The exercise prescription uses the FITT model. 3) The chronic disease intervention often lasts 8-12 weeks. 4) Scientific study of exercise prescription and individual characteristics are more and more prominent and there have been a number of researches about various genetic polymorphism effects. 5) More and more attention paid on the necessity of health assessment before setting up an exercise prescription, evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk factors, and risk stratification and medical supervision during fitness testing and the implementation of exercise prescription. This paper supports by foundation of National Science and Technology Support Program in China (PROJECT No.: 2006BAK33B04).