Investigation of Molecular and Structural Properties of Two Mu-class GSTs From Tetranychus urticae.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an extraintestinal pathogen that causes diverse local and systemic infections in poultry and poses a potential zoonotic threat. Although extensive research has addressed its antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and host immune responses, the temporal transition from early infection to recovery remains poorly characterized. Here, we established a systemic infection model in broilers by inoculating the pectoral muscle with E. coli O18:K1 and monitored sequential changes in organ weights and indices, serum biochemistry, and histopathology. Parallel RNA-sequencing of liver and spleen tissues delineated stage-specific transcriptional reprogramming. Peak mortality occurred 2 days post-infection (dpi) and ceased at 5 dpi. The infected and uninfected control groups differed significantly in organ weights and indices and blood biochemical indicators at 2 dpi; however, many indicators recovered by 5 dpi in the infected group. Liver transcriptomics during acute infection revealed concerted downregulation of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family genes and concurrent suppression of the cell cycle and DNA repair pathways. By 5 dpi, these genes and pathways were reactivated, mirroring the transition from pathology to recovery. Key immune mediators in the spleen (IL1B, IL6, FOS, PTGS2, JUN, and NFKBIA) were enriched in immune response pathways and displayed a temporal switch from activation to repression, underscoring the dynamic regulation imposed by this immune organ. Collectively, our data provide a comprehensive spatiotemporal map of the molecular and immune landscape that demarcates the infection and recovery phases of APEC in broilers.

Functional analysis of FveBZR1-2 reveals a potential auxin-BR regulatory module in early receptacle elongation of strawberry.

Family identification to functional validation: CathepsinB emerges as a key apoptotic regulator in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) under Pseudomonas plecoglossicida stress.

Genome-wide identification and functional characterization of Isopentenyl Transferase (IPT) genes in mulberry (Morus spp.): Insights into evolutionary diversification and drought-responsive hormonal regulation.

A switch in collagen expression regulates cessation of distal tip cell migration in C. elegans.

Genomic fingerprint of polyethylene-degrading bacteria.

SmNAC68 transcription factor negatively regulate tanshinone biosynthesis under low-temperature conditions in Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Genome-wide study of the R2R3-MYB gene family and analysis of NoMYB90 promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.).

Chromosome-level de novo genome assembly and whole-genome resequencing provide insights into genome evolution and sex determination of sleepy cod Oxyeleotris lineolata (Steindachner 1867).

Genome-wide characterization and functional analysis of ScALDH genes reveals their contribution to growth maintenance and drought tolerance in plants.

Role of PI3K gene family as a molecular hub for regulation of growth and immunity: Potential implications for sustainable poultry production.

Tribbles pseudokinases in cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms, genetic insights, and therapeutic prospects.

Multi-omics dissection of lignan diversity and therapeutic potential in Ocimum: Identification of diphyllin as an anti-inflammatory agent targeting TNF-α signaling.

Identification of NtHDAC family genes and functional analysis of NtHDT605 in the cold response of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

PTPR family deletions are associated with greater genomic structural instability in young adult tongue cancer.

Genome-wide identification of the SKP1 gene family in goji (Lycium barbarum) and expression analysis of LbSKP1-14 related to self-incompatibility recognition

Protozoan encystment constitutes a pivotal survival strategy against environmental stressors; however, the molecular architecture governing this transition remains enigmatic, owing to limited genomic resources and a scarcity of integrated multi-omics investigations. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying encystment in Oxytricha granulifera by reporting the first macronuclear genome assembly and conducting a comprehensive integration of transcriptomic, proteomic, and morphological analyses across vegetative and cyst stages. Morphological restructuring, typified by ciliary dedifferentiation and cyst wall formation, is molecularly supported by the downregulation of microtubule dynamics-associated genes and the concurrent upregulation of vesicle transport machinery. Furthermore, expanded gene families linked to carbohydrate metabolism and cellular acidification coincide with observed autophagic clearance and mucocyst activity, highlighting a coordinated metabolic shift essential for cyst formation. Elevated expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy pathways, which mediate protein turnover, along with upregulation of antioxidant enzyme genes, contributes to alleviating oxidative damage. Notably, we identified rewired post-transcriptional regulation that increases spliceosome activity and alternative splicing frequency, with each trend validated at the protein level. Concurrently, we observed a distinct epigenetic signature characterized by the significant downregulation of DNA N6-adenine methylation (6mA) methyltransferases (homologs of AMT1 and AMT6/7), suggesting a potential repressive role of methylation during the cyst stage. Collectively, these findings provide a multidimensional atlas of the encystment process, revealing that O. granulifera accomplishes cellular structural remodeling through a multilayered regulatory network spanning morphological, genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels.IMPORTANCEOxytricha species are widely distributed in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, playing significant ecological roles in microbial communities. Their ability to undergo encystment provides a powerful model for studying cellular differentiation and stress adaptation in microbial eukaryotes. This study presents the first multi-omics analysis of encystment in Oxytricha granulifera, revealing microbial survival strategies through enhanced protein turnover, autophagy, alternative splicing, and DNA methylation reprogramming. These findings offer fundamental insights into dormancy mechanisms and environmental adaptation in protists, advancing our understanding of microbial resilience, evolutionary innovation, and ecological success in fluctuating environments.

The heat shock transcription factor (HSF) family is a core regulatory component for plants in response to adversity stress and plays a pivotal role in regulating plant reactions to abiotic stress. Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) is an economically and horticulturally important bulbous crop widely cultivated in Northwest China, and its growth and yield are severely threatened by high-temperature stress during the growing season. Although HSF genes have been extensively and thoroughly investigated in other plant species, their functional characterization in lilies remains elusive. In this study, a total of 41 LdHSF genes were identified from the genome of Lilium davidii var. unicolor using bioinformatics approaches. The proteins encoded by these genes exhibited considerable variations in the number of amino acids (aa), as well as distinct isoelectric points (pI) and instability indices. Phylogenetic analysis classified these 41 LdHSF genes into three subfamilies (A, B and C). Promoter analysis revealed that the promoters of most LdHSF genes were rich in light-responsive cis-elements. Meanwhile, the promoters of some genes were highly abundant in hormone-responsive cis-elements, whereas those of other genes were enriched in stress-responsive cis-elements. Gene expression heatmaps and transcriptomic data demonstrated that the expression patterns of LdHSF genes showed significant differences in various tissues and under heat treatment. Based on transcriptomic and RT-qPCR data, we further screened out LdHSF10 and LdHSF40 as the major genes responding to heat stress. Functional experiments verified that these two genes encoded nuclear-localized proteins with transcriptional activity. Collectively, these findings lay a solid foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of heat tolerance by HSF transcription factors (TFs) in lilies in future research.

Β-amylase (BAM) gene family is an important genetic resource that catalyzes starch metabolism and responds positively in response to abiotic stresses. In current work, 28 TaBAMs were identified through genome wide analysis using AtBAM domain. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these genes into four sub-groups. Gene structure, conserved motif, cis-acting elements, and synteny analysis suggested evolutionary conserveness within TaBAM gene family. Pangenome analysis suggested that TaBAMs are core set of genes and are present as single copy loci. Transcriptome profiling and qRT-PCR identified TaBAM16-1B and TaBAM20-4D as drought responsive candidate genes. Sequence polymorphism analysis revealed non-synonymous (A3040/G3040) SNP site only in the coding region of TaBAM16-1B resulting in Cys to Tyr substitution. KASP technique was deployed to convert the identified SNPs into molecular markers. Using 183 Pakistani wheat genotypes across four environments, marker trait association studies demonstrated significant association with normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) trait, in three out of four environments. Enzymatic activity analysis confirmed that TaBAM16-1B Allele-A (superior allele) carrying varieties maintained stable β-amylase activity under PEG-induced drought condition, especially in roots at 24-h time interval. TaBAM16-1B EMS mutants provided genetic validation revealing reduced total chlorophyll contents under drought stress. Allelic variations of TaBAM16-1B were also explored in 299 global wheat germplasm collected from 19 countries. TaBAM16-1B Allele-A has been positively selected in drought prone areas underscoring selection pressure exerted by the wheat breeders. Current work identifies TaBAM16-1B as a functional gene and offers a KASP marker for marker-assisted wheat breeding to improve the drought tolerance.