Gender Role Identity Research Articles

Research on the Impact of Internet Environment on Adolescent Gender Role Identity and Analysis of Countermeasures

With the popularization and development of the Internet, the network environment has become an important part of the daily life of adolescents. The network environment, with its unique information dissemination mode, social mode, and value concept, has an impact on the formation of adolescents’ gender role identity concept. Research at home and abroad shows that the vividness and visualization of gender information and gender imitation objects in the network environment are more likely to affect individual gender identity. The purpose of this paper is to deeply explore the influence of the Internet environment on adolescents’ gender role identity through the method of interview and observation and to analyze certain countermeasures, to provide a useful reference for further research and education.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Homosexuality

This study is committed to comprehensively exploring the diversity of the influencing factors of homosexuality, and tries to conduct a comprehensive analysis from multiple dimensions of biology, psychology and social culture. Through combing the relevant literature and empirical research, it is found that the formation of homosexuality is not caused by a single factor, but the result of the interaction of multiple factors. In terms of biological factors, genetic genes, brain structure and functional differences may affect the sexual tendency of individuals. In terms of psychological factors, the childhood family environment, parenting style, and gender role identity also play a key role in the formation of homosexuality. In addition, social and cultural factors cannot be ignored, including the social acceptance of homosexuality, cultural background, religious belief and so on. This study contributes to an increased understanding of homosexuality and provides theoretical support for future relevant studies. At the same time, it also calls on all sectors of society to be more tolerant and understanding when dealing with gay issues, and to create a harmonious and friendly social environment for gay people.

How does paradoxical leadership affect employee adaptive performance? A moderated mediation model

PurposeDrawing on the paradox perspective and the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R), we investigate how paradoxical leadership behavior (PLB) affects employee adaptive performance.Design/methodology/approachConducted a multi-wave field study with a sample of 64 leaders and 224 subordinates (study 1), and a quasi-experiment involving 156 participants (study 2). The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and HLM techniques.FindingsBoth studies reveal that (1) PLB exhibits a positive association with employee adaptive performance, (2) employee paradox mindset and role stress partly mediated the relationship between PLB and employee adaptive performance, (3) the indirect effects of PLB on employee adaptive performance through employee paradox mindset and role stress are moderated by employee gender-role identity (GRI).Originality/valueThis research developed a moderated mediation model to examine the potential impact of PLB on employee adaptive performance, which contributes to the literature by integrating the paradox perspective and emphasizing the effectiveness of combining “top-down” and “bottom-up” leadership approaches. Moreover, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which PLB facilitates employees in effectively managing work role tensions to enhance adaptive performance Finally, this study also extends the investigation of the contextual efficacy of PLB by incorporating GRI as a moderator.

Unexpected judgments: the role of gender identity and provocation on blame and affect in a mock jury paradigm

IntroductionPanic defenses are a form of legal defense positing that a defendant is less culpable for their crime because of an extreme emotional reaction. However, limited research has examined the use of panic defenses when the victim is a transgender individual.MethodsIn two studies (Total N = 995) previously existing scales and vignettes were used to evaluate perceptions of panic defenses when the victim was a transgender woman, transgender man, or a gay man. Study 1 (N = 557) used a 2 (sexual provocation or non-sexual provocation) x 3 (transgender woman, transgender man, or gay man victim) design to evaluate perceptions of victim blame, negative affect, and perception that the crime was a hate crime.ResultsContrary to demographic data trends, Study 1 found that transgender women were rated more positively as victims, were blamed less than transgender men or gay men, and that the crime was more likely to be labeled as a hate crime. Study 2 (N = 438) was a replication of Study 1. While the results were largely non-significant, the trend in means was in the same direction as the findings of Study 1.DiscussionWe argue that these findings, despite not being in line with broader data on the topic, are important evidence that anti-transgender research, particularly in mock jury settings, may need to reimagine existing designs and vignettes to understand rates of violence and discrimination toward transgender communities.

MENTORING AS A FORM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR CHILDREN LEFT WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE

Relevance. The loss of parental care like nothing else affects the psychological well-being of the child and can have detrimental consequences for their further social adaptation and self-realization in adulthood. The emergence of effective mechanisms for child's social adaptation is the result of its productive interaction with a human social environment and an indispensable condition for successful socialization in society. The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of mentoring on the social and psychological adaptation of children left without parental care. Methodology. By means of theoretical analysis using the methodology of the systemic and cultural-historical approach, the article analyzes in detail the history of mentoring, its types and functions in working with children. Results. The paper proves that a child left without parental care faces a number of problems ( compensation for the level of mental deprivation, formation of basic trust in the world and gender-role identification, understanding ethical norms, and formation of relevant values), which negatively affect their ability to social adaptation. To solve them, she needs competent psychological support from adults. Mentoring is considered as an effective form of psychological support and guidance for children, which, by transforming and enriching itself in the processes of formation, has found due recognition in modern society and is widely used as a tool for the personal development of a person as a subject of activity. It is concluded that the psychological and pedagogical potential of mentoring should be used in the psychological support of children who were left without parental care due to military operations on the territory of Ukraine.

Психологічні особливості альтруїзму в залежності від гендерної ідентифікаці

The article presents a study of altruism depending on gender identification. The problem of altruism is considered through the prism of three scientific fields: ethology, philosophy, and psychology. The deep interaction of male and female manifestations of altruism means the constant renewal of human existence in its spiritual-personal aspects. A description of an empirical study utilizing standardized psychodiagnostic methods is provided, as a result of which it was established that the obtained results indicate that both gender role and biological sex can affect the level of altruism, but these effects are not very significant. This may indicate the complex nature of altruism, which could be dependent on various factors, including but not limited to gender and biological identity. Additional research could help better understand these relationships and their mechanisms. An interesting feature is that gender role and gender identity do not have a statistically significant influence on manifestations of altruism among participants. It is important to note that the majority of respondents in the study are characterized by an androgynous gender role, which differs by a combination of masculine and feminine traits.

The psychological nature of female psychogenic infertility: psychoanalytic reflections

The theoretical basis of this work are the ideas of Maidi U., Mitchell J., Motz A., Pattis-Zoya E., Reinhold Joseph S., Langer M., Leisinger-Boleber M. The object of research: the phenomenon of psychogenic female infertility in the psychoanalytic understanding. The article shows aspects of the psychogenesis of female psychogenic infertility: the image of the mother, destructiveness and psychogenic infertility, denial of femininity and gender-role identity, violation of identification with the mother and identification with the "dead mother", transgenerational transmission and psychogenic infertility, unconscious conflicts and the Medea complex. These aspects are reflected in two psychoanalytic studies, the results of which are briefly reflected in this publication. The results showed the presence of common signs for women with psychogenic infertility: 1. In fantasies, the future child is endowed with expectations aimed at satisfying a deficient mother; 2. Women have a violation of gender-role identity - identification with the father; the desire to take the place of the father, playing partner and parent roles; 3. Ambivalent perception of the maternal figure; the image of the mother is idealized; 4. Women have a false self, pseudoedipality; 5. Women have a false femininity based not on identification with the mother, but on based on a primitive imitation of her. Identification with the "dead mother" is impossible; 6. The presence of a castration complex in women, reinforced by identification with the father. As a result, the process of childbirth causes horror, correlated with castration, which is denied and covered up by the desire to have a child; 7. The presence of a separation complex, where separation from a "dead mother" is not possible, because then one person will be "dead". 8. Parentification, "dead mother", "dead father", transgenerational transmission of conflicts "crypts and ghosts", untreated traumatization and unlived grief. The leading events in the life history of women suffering from psychogenic infertility are the experience of loss and violence.

Role of Parents in the Gender Role Identity Formation of Offspring: An Exploratory Study

Role of Parents in the Gender Role Identity Formation of Offspring: An Exploratory Study

GENDER EDUCATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AS A PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM

The article reveals the relevance of the problem of gender education and the development of this problem in modern Ukrainian research; gender education of older preschool children is considered as a problem of modern pedagogy. It is noted that the problem of gender education of children of older preschool age in the conditions of a preschool education institution is closely related to other types of education: national, moral, family, legal, labor, intellectual, and others; an analysis of the problem of gender education in pedagogical theory was carried out. It is shown that the preschool age is a decisive period of sex-role development, because it is in this period that the formation of gender identity is laid, which in turn connects the consciousness with the child's behavior and shapes his entire subsequent adult life. Attention is focused on the fact that in the process of gender education of older preschool children in the conditions of preschool education institutions, factors that can negatively affect the formation of gender-role identity of preschool children are singled out. A scientific analysis of the pedagogical aspects of the study of gender education of older preschool children is presented. It is noted that the complexity and multifacetedness of the problem of gender education, the high quality of gender education of older preschool children can be ensured by the joint efforts of management and methodical services, scientific institutions, practitioners and parents. It is emphasized that the prospects for further research of the problem are related to overcoming the low level of awareness of gender issues among older preschool children and leveling gender approaches to the program of training educators to work in educational institutions.

간호대학생의 성역할 정체감, 비판적 사고성향 및 진로정체감이 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향

This study was conducted to describe the relationship of gender role identity, critical thinking disposition, career identity and college adjustment of nursing students. The participants were 179 nursing students in B city. The data was collected by questionnaires and was analyzed using SPSS 27.0. In general characteristics, the group who answered that they were very satisfied or satisfied with college life satisfaction, major satisfaction, and interpersonal relationships had a significantly higher score for college adjustment than other groups. There was a significant positive correlation among gender role identity, critical thinking disposition, career identity and college adjustment. The predictors influencing nursing students' college adjustment were interpersonal relationships, gender role identity-femininity, critical thinking disposition, and career identity, with 49.0% of the explanatory power (F=25.405, p<.001). Therefore, in promoting nursing students' college adjustment, it is necessary to consider gender role identity and develop and apply various programs that can improve critical thinking disposition, career identity.

남자 대학생의 남성다움 위협이 부적정서와 상태자존감에 미치는 영향: 남성다움 자극의 중재효과

This study tried to investigate the moderating effect of manhood stimulation on the effects of manhood threat on negative emotions and status self-esteem in male university students. 62 male university students who voluntarily participated through online research institutes were pre-examined(gender role identity scale, multiple affect adjective check list, state self-esteem scale), and then randomly assigned to one of the two groups divided into a shortened version of the movie 300(manhood stimulation group) or a video of the birth of the earth(gender neutral group). After watching the video, all participants were manipulated to experience the threat of manhood by providing feedback that femininity was higher than average as a result of the pre-test for gender role identity. After the threat experience, a post-test was conducted to verify the interaction between pre-post groups, and repeated measurement variance analysis was performed. The results of this study are as follows. Regarding the negative emotion of anger, the group that was stimulated with manhood showed a greater amount of change between pre-post test results than the gender neutral group. In terms of state self-esteem, the difference between pre-post tests was statistically significant in the group stimulated with manhood. The manhood stimulation group was found to have a moderating effect of interacting with manhood threats to increase anger emotions and to increase state self-esteem as a defensive response. The significance of this study will serve as the basis for revitalizing research considering precarious manhood properties and will help in effective intervention in male gender role counseling and education.

Cooperative organizational cultures: a factor promoting equal gender representation in leadership

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between feminine gender identity and leadership intention. Based on the theory of planned behavior and social role theory, the indirect relationship between feminine gender identity and leadership intention was analyzed through affective motivation to lead and perceived leadership self-efficacy. In addition, drawing on the person–environment fit theory, feminine gender identity was examined as a moderator of the relationship between cooperative organizational culture and leadership intention.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey was administered among a sample of 183 full-time employees.FindingsResults demonstrated that controlling for sex, perceived leadership self-efficacy mediated the relationship between feminine gender role identity and leadership intention. In addition, feminine gender role identity acted as a moderator in strengthening the relationship between cooperative organizational culture and leadership intention such that highly feminine individuals in high cooperative organizational cultures showed higher intentions to become leaders than did individuals with less feminine identities.Research limitations/implicationsIn research on leadership intentions, it will be important to measure both sex and gender, as gender identity explains variance in important outcomes over and above sex. In addition, beginning to include organizational characteristics (such as perception of culture) in this stream of research is important.Practical implicationsOrganizations wishing to promote more feminine individuals to leadership roles should examine their organizational culture to determine if it is cooperative, as this type of culture allows these individuals to be more intent on seeking leadership roles.Originality/valueThis research adds up to the literature by looking at an organizational factor, culture, and analyzing its role in increasing leadership intention in highly feminine individuals. In addition, by studying gender while controlling for sex, this paper suggests that regardless of sex (being a female or a male), feminine individuals will benefit from a cooperative environment. This includes any individuals (females and males) that identify more with communal behaviors.

Associations among sexual assault, posttraumatic stress, drinking to cope with anxiety, and alcohol use based on gender identity and sexual orientation.

Sexual assault (SA) is experienced by a substantial proportion of emerging adult college students and is associated with elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use. This study examines the mediating role of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in the associations among SA severity, drinking to cope with anxiety, and average weekly drinks while considering the moderating roles of gender identity and sexual orientation. A total of 2160 college students who were diverse in gender (cisgender women, 64.4%; cisgender men, 30.6%, and transgender and gender diverse [TGD] individuals = 4.9%) and sexual orientation (heterosexual = 68.0%, LGBQ+ = 32.0%) completed measures of SA severity, PTSS, drinking to cope with anxiety motives, and average weekly drinks. The mediation model for the full sample indicated significant indirect effects of SA severity on drinking to cope with anxiety through PTSS, but not on average weekly drinks. Moderation analyses revealed differential relationships between the variables based on both gender identity and sexual orientation. For instance, the association between SA severity and PTSS was stronger for cisgender women and TGD individuals than cisgender men, and for LGBQ+ individuals than heterosexual individuals. While the association between PTSS and average weekly drinks was only significant for cisgender men, the association between PTSS and drinking to cope with anxiety was significant for both cisgender men and women but not TGD individuals. Furthermore, the association between SA severity and drinking to cope with anxiety was stronger for cisgender women than cisgender men. Findings from this study demonstrate sexual orientation and gender identity differences and similarities in the associations of SA severity, PTSS, drinking to cope with anxiety, and alcohol use. Results are discussed in relation to the self-medication hypothesis and tailoring interventions for diverse groups.

Exploring the role of gender identity and academic major in skill confidence and entrepreneurial career plans

Exploring the role of gender identity and academic major in skill confidence and entrepreneurial career plans

중급 전임 남성상담사의 성역할 정체성 경험연구

Objectives This study was conducted to reveal the meaning and essence of the experiences of intermediate full-time male counselors in relation to gender roles in the field of counseling, as well as to explore how these experiences contribute to the formation of their gender role identity.
 Methods By employing Giorgi's phenomenological research method, in-depth interviews and data analysis were conducted from February to June 2022, involving eight intermediate male counselors with counseling experience ranging from more than 4 years to less than 9 years.
 Results As a result, 87 constructed meanings, 27 subtopics, and 9 top topics were derived. Top topics included “Counseling entered with an inflated heart of expectations,” “unexpected realities of counseling,” “A heart that becomes worn out due to economic hardship,” “light and shadow experienced as a male counselor,” “the benefits and drawbacks of manhood in counseling relationships,” “colleagues as both mentors and friends,” “the intrinsic value of counseling that defies quantification,” “the discovery of the sublime worth of the counseling profession,” and “the aspiration to lead a fulfilling life as a male counselor.”
 Conclusions This study holds significant meaning as it elucidates the essence of the experiences and meaning of living as an intermediate male counselor, with a specific focus on gender role identity. It was revealed that male counselors often encounter irrationalities and grievances that arise solely because of their gender. Additionally, the study highlights the intermediate male full-time counselors' willingness to engage in long-term self-development, exemplifying their professional consciousness. These characteristics of intermediate male full-time counselors can provide valuable insights for self-understanding and adaptation for both novice male counselors undergoing training and education, and intermediate male counselors currently facing similar experiences.

Exploring Human-Centric Attributes of Smartphone Set and Their Influence on Brand Advocacy by the Customers: Testing the Moderating Role of Gender Identity

This paper investigates the impacts of human-centric brand attributes and their associated dimensions on advocacy by the consumers. This study also tests the moderating role of gender identity of the consumers on the above stated issue. The paper adopted a mixed mode approach where at first a primary list of attributes was purified based on the qualitative comments of academics and industry experts. Later on, authors collected 861 primary quantitative data from young consumers of a developing country and analyzed those through structural equation modeling. This study offers a 29-attribute eight-dimensional brand personality and WOM model for smartphone brands. Results revealed that quick problem solver, empathetic, professionalism, trustworthy, and competent are the preferred human-centric attributes among the young customers while choosing a smartphone brand. Results also found that gender identity plays a significantly differentiating role while spreading positive WOM for a smartphone brand. Young users with masculine identity emphasize on sociability and intellectuality dimensions and their associated human-attributes while promoting positive WOM regarding the smartphone brand. Users with feminine traits on the other hand share more about emotionality and physicality aspects of the brand during advocacy.

Gender Dynamics Analysis: Uncovering the Roles and Identities of Bugis-Makassar Women

Gender is a social construction that involves labeling men and women. This construction is no longer based solely on biological or sex differences owned by individuals. Through a strong socialization process, gender ideology is formed and internalized in society. Gender identity is a sensation that appears around the age of two, when individuals identify themselves as male or female due to biological differences. Gender role identification, on the other hand, refers to an individual’s feelings about their gender, whether as male or female, which are influenced by social, biological, and psychological variables (Nurohim 2018). But in the gender ideology that is formed, there are stereotypes or images attached to the roles of men and women. For example, women are often connoted as beings who are gentle, beautiful, emotional, and have motherly traits. On the other hand, men are often seen as strong, rational, mighty, and possessing masculine traits. Stigma and social expectations of gender roles can influence behavior, attitudes, and expectations received by individuals in society.

An Exploration of the Psycho-sexual Aspects of the Motivation to Avoid Success and its Association with Gender Roles and Work-Family Conflict Using a Mixed Method

Aims: The current study attempted to explore how gender roles and work-family conflict contribute to fear of success in urban, married, middle-aged, and working women. Materials and Methods: A mixed method was used in which “gender role,” “work family conflict,” and “fear of success” were measured using the Indian Gender Role Identity Scale, 1 the Work Family Conflict Scale (Carlson et al.), 2 and the Fear of Success Scale (Canavan-Gumpert et.al.), 3 respectively, followed by an interview of 10 voluntary participants for a period of 30 min each. Analysis: A stepwise multiple regression analysis of work-family conflict and gender roles on fear of success was computed as part of the quantitative analysis of the data. Open codes and focus codes were computed as part of the qualitative analysis of the data. Results and Conclusion: The results of quantitative data analysis revealed that both dimensions of “work-family conflict,” i.e., “time-based work to family” and “time based family to work,” are significant predictors of “fear of success” and that there is a significant negative correlation between “masculinity” and “fear of success.” The analysis of qualitative data revealed that the majority of the participants have talked about unpleasant consequences related to success in or being engaged in a formal job. The findings have been discussed in the context of the internalization of societal expectations and implicit coercions in urban, middle-aged, and married working women.

How work-family conflict affects knowledge workers' innovative behavior: a spillover-crossover-spillover model of dual-career couples

PurposeInnovative behavior is a microfoundation of an organization’s innovation. Knowledge workers are the main creators of innovations. With the boundaries between work and family becoming increasingly ambiguous, the purpose of this study is to explore how the work–family conflict affects knowledge workers’ innovative behavior and when such a conflict arises.Design/methodology/approachTo test the theoretical model, this study collected data from a time-lagged matched sample of 214 dual-career couples. The data were analyzed with the bias-corrected bootstrapping method.FindingsThe results of this study showed that work-to-family conflict had not only a direct negative effect on knowledge workers’ innovative behavior but also an indirect effect through spouses’ within-family emotional exhaustion and knowledge workers’ family-to-work conflict. If wives’ gender role perceptions are traditional, then the indirect serial mediating effect is weakened, but if such perceptions are egalitarian, then the mentioned effect is aggravated.Practical implicationsIn terms of organizational implications, managers could alter their approach by reducing detrimental factors such as work–family conflict to improve knowledge workers’ innovative behavior. Emotional assistance programs for both knowledge workers and their spouses can be used to prevent the detrimental effect of work–family conflict on innovative behavior. As to social implications, placing dual-career couples into a community of likeminded individuals and promoting their agreement on gender role identity will greatly reduce the negative effects of work–family conflict.Originality/valueStarting from the perspective of the behavior outcome of knowledge management, this study advances the existing knowledge management literature by enriching the antecedents of knowledge workers’ innovative behavior, illuminating a spillover–crossover–spillover effect of work–family conflict on knowledge workers’ innovative behavior and identifying the boundary condition of this transmission process.

AMBIVALENCE IN GENDER PORTRAYALS IN GOOSEBUMPS (2015) AND GOOSEBUMPS: HAUNTED HALLOWEEN (2018)

The horror genre is notorious for sexist depictions of female heroines, which heavily imposes traditional gender stereotypes. This paper analyses Goosebumps (2015) and Goosebumps: Haunted Halloween (2018), which are the movie adaptations of R.L Stine’s horror book series. It aims to see the possibility of the female heroines and male heroes to defy conventional gender stereotypes and determine the female heroines’ agency as horror movies tend to objectify the female characters. This paper uses the Cult of True Womanhood (Welter, 1966), Male Gender Role Identity (Pleck, 1981) and representation theory (Hall, 1997) to analyse the dialogues and interaction of the characters, and the agencies of the female heroines in the two movies. This research shows the apparent ambivalence portrayals as the text often contradicts the characters’ depiction in the earlier part of the film and the ending. In the beginning of the movies, the female heroines are depicted as empowered and independent, but as the story progresses, they become characters that need male heroes’ help and support to overcome problems.