Leveraging machine learning to identify gendered stereotypes and body image concerns on diet and fitness online forums.

The effects of gender and sex type on perceived leadership abilities were investigated. The participants consisted of 33 resident assistants at a state university. They completed the Bern Sex Role Inventory and a sociometric instrument that measured perceived leadership abilities. The researchers hypothesized that the men in the study would tend to be perceived as leaders and that those men would be androgynous, possessing a high number of both feminine and masculine characteristics. Further, the women in the study would be perceived as single faceted by their peers; if a woman emerged as a leader, she would be perceived as effective in either disciplinary situations or in interpersonal situations, but not effective in both areas. The researchers also hypothesized that female leaders would be sex typed as either androgynous or masculine. From the results of the study, the researchers concluded that instead of one single male leader emerging within each residence hall, a group of co-ed leaders emerged within each halJ. The overall gender orientation of that leader group was predominantly masculine in all residence halls, with the exception of the all-female hall, for which the leader group was predominantly feminine. The participants' gender did not appear to affect their being viewed as single faceted in their leadership strengths by their peers. Even though the distribution of sex type among all the subjects studied was found not to differ from that of the general population, the participants were found to be more sex typed than the general population.

Background. The dental profession shows significant variation between countries in terms of economics and society. The profession's status, income level, opportunities for specialization, and working conditions differ markedly depending on geography. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the career preferences of domestic and international dental students after graduation, considering different geographical, economic, and cultural structures. The study also aims to assess the economic, social, professional, and academic factors underlying these preferences. Methods. Prior to graduation, 220 students (144 female and 76 male) were provided with information on the geographical, historical, social and professional conditions in 22 countries. They were asked to select their preferred country for living after graduation and provide reasons for their choice. These responses were then evaluated in light of the literature. Results. The three countries that were most popular overall were Germany, the USA and Türkiye, in that order. Gender has been a factor in both country preferences and the reasons for choosing them. Female students most often chose Germany for social opportunities, family, and freedom, and chose the US and Türkiye equally. Male students most often chose the US for income level, social opportunities, and freedom, and chose Germany and Türkiye equally. Gender orientation is more noticeable in the following rankings. Conclusion. The choice of country after graduation affects male and female students differently. Female students tend to place a greater emphasis on professional reputation and family factors, whereas male students tend to place a greater emphasis on post-graduation education, language proficiency and income. The study's findings contribute to the existing literature by providing guidance for future improvement efforts.

The article examines the methodological foundations for assessing the gender orientation of an enterprise's corporate structure. It is substantiated that under the conditions of modern socio-economic transformations, achieving gender equality is becoming a key factor in the sustainable development of organizations. Corporate culture, as a system of shared values, norms, and behavioral models, reflects the enterprise's real, rather than declarative, attitude toward gender equality issues. At the same time, methodological tools for assessing the gender orientation of corporate culture remain insufficiently developed, as existing approaches are largely limited to demographic or legal indicators, ignoring structural and value-based dimensions. The purpose of the study is to develop and substantiate a methodological approach to assessing the gender orientation of an enterprise's corporate culture based on the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods. The proposed approach covers four levels of perception—individual, group, organizational, and inter-organizational—and four spheres of assessment: managerial-economic, socio-psychological, legal-regulatory, and spiritual. Such multidimensionality allows for the identification of differences in gender sensitivity at various levels of interaction within the enterprise. To ensure the comparability of heterogeneous indicators, the study employs Harrington’s generalized desirability function, which integrates quantitative and qualitative parameters into a single dimensionless assessment scale. This ensures the possibility of an objective assessment of the level of gender balance in the corporate environment and the determination of deviations from the desired state of equality. A methodological approach is proposed that provides a comprehensive assessment of the gender orientation of corporate culture and creates a foundation for managerial decisions aimed at enhancing inclusivity, harmonizing labor relations, and increasing the economic performance of the enterprise. It is proven that the effect of forming a gender-oriented corporate culture manifests at three levels: micro-, meso-, and macroeconomic, ensuring the interconnection between the development of individual enterprises, industries, and the national economy as a whole. It is concluded that the implementation of this approach facilitates the integration of social and economic aspects of corporate governance, forming a basis for the sustainable development and competitiveness of the organization. Keywords: gender equality, corporate culture, assessment methodology, inclusivity, organizational development, social responsibility, desirability function.

This study determined the dominant academic stress and coping styles of junior and senior high school students of Santa Lucia Catholic School, Inc., during the School Year 2023–2024. The students’ profiles include grade level, age, sex, gender preference, birth order, parents’ educational attainment and occupation, and study hours per day. Through the explanatory sequential research method, the study involved 154 students identified through stratified random sampling who answered the dominant academic stress. Of these, 75 students answered the coping styles questionnaire, and 10 were selected for interviews related to active coping style. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings showed that most respondents were 13-year-old, Grade Eight, female, male as their preferred gender orientation, eldest child, college-graduate parents working as skilled workers, and studied less than an hour per day. Among academic stress, study habits and exams were the most dominant, while academic attitude was low. Active coping is very high, while passive coping is moderate. Qualitative results highlighted three main coping styles: concentration efforts, self-study, and behavior. Recommendations include implementing proposed programs to address academic stress and improve coping styles and expanding future research such as parenting practices, time management, and student lifestyle.

Metacognitive knowledge is crucial for efficient independent learning because it fosters forethought and self-reflection. This study investigated the metacognitive awareness of the 90 education freshman students at Iloilo State University of Fisheries Science and Technology Main Campus Tiwi Site for Academic Year 2023-2024, Iloilo, Philippines. The analysis was undertaken using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and descriptive and inferential statistics such as Mean, Standard Deviation, Frequency and Percentage, t-test, One-Wat ANOVA were used in the analysis at .05 significant level. Results revealed that students possess a very high level of implicit knowledge and knowledge related to methods, procedures or operation of equipment. However, they only demonstrate a moderate verbal or factual knowledge. In terms of regulation of cognition, students had extreme level of knowledge in the area of planning, comprehension monitoring, debugging strategies, and Evaluation. However, they demonstrate moderate level of awareness on information management strategies. In terms of regulation of cognition, student expressed an extreme level of skills in goal setting, and allocating resources prior to learning, assessing their own learning or strategy, and using appropriate strategies to correct comprehension and performance errors. But, they perceived some areas of improvement such as their ability and strategy sequences used to process information more efficiently such as organizing, elaborating, summarizing, and selective focusing. In terms of profile, gender orientation does not define what students know about themselves, strategies, and conditions under which strategies are most useful; and their knowledge about the way they plan, implement strategies, monitor, correct comprehension errors, and evaluate their learning. An instructional material must be developed for classroom used in areas such as Science, Physical Education, English, Mathematics, Filipino, and Social Science using metacognitive strategies through metacognitive questions to improve students’ metacognitive ability in process new information by planning and evaluating.

Gender-affirming communication services are based on studies of speech produced and perceived by cisgender men and women. The current study examined the perception of gender and gender orientation (i.e., whether someone is cisgender or transgender) in the Palette of Voices, an openly available corpus of the speech of transgender and cisgender men, by cisgender heterosexual men (CHM) and cisgender heterosexual women (CHF), and a group of gender and sexuality expansive (GSE) listeners. We examined how both the acoustic characteristics of speech and listener identity affect gender and gender orientation categorization. Participants (n = 199) categorized the gender and gender orientation of 240 sentence productions produced by 20 male talkers in an online experiment, including tokens whose fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequency scaling had been altered, and unmanipulated tokens. Consistent with previous research, productions with lower F0 and lower formant frequencies were more likely to be categorized as male than ones with higher F0s and formants. The weighting of these variables differed systematically across listener groups, with the GSE group weighting these variables less than the CHM and CHF groups when categorizing gender, but more when categorizing gender orientation. The relationship between the acoustic characteristics of a talker's speech and the categorization of their gender and gender orientation is highly variable across and within groups. The perception data and speech samples in this study are openly available. Suggestions are given for how they might be used to supplement existing gender-affirming communication services.

The objective of this article is to compare the causal factors in the loss of housing between the LGBTQ and non‐LGBTQ populations. One hundred and twelve questionnaires were collected from LGBTQ people and 93 cases from the non‐LGBTQ population in the region of Madrid, Spain. Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), the variable of sexual orientation and gender identity predicted significant differences in the causal factors related to the loss of housing. The findings refer to maintaining housing (𝑝 < .005), family problems and/or break up of the couple (𝑝 < .010), change of place of residence (𝑝 < 0.010), and expulsion from the home directly related to gender orientation and identity (𝑝 < .005 and 𝑝 < 0.01). Except for expulsion from the home due to discrimination in the LGBTQ group, gender orientation and identity do not generate, but do intensify, the situation of losing housing.

This conceptual paper aims to investigate the differences in perception towards investment and strategies based on gender through the study of past literature. Numerous articles were gathered from the Emerald Insight & Science Direct databases using the PRISMA framework, leading to 9 articles being narrowed down and thoroughly scrutinised. Resultant synthesis proved an overwhelming relationship between gender and investment decisions, with some exceptions. The studies found that factors like financial literacy, gender diversity, homophily, and other behavioural traits shape gender orientation toward financial decision-making. These findings would be helpful for various stakeholders like financial advisors, policymakers, and corporate boards to tailor their advice and offerings according to gender needs.

The relationship between social capital resources and entrepreneurial success has been thoroughly researched; however, the significance of gender discrepancies in shaping the influence of internal and external social capital is largely unexplored. The goal of this study is to compare how gender orientation reflects the impact of social capital resources (internal and external) on entrepreneurial sustainability in Nigeria. A self-administered survey was used to collect data. Using the purposive approach, a scale was constructed and administered to a sample of male and female business ventures from three states in Nigeria's southeastern area. This study applied multigroup sampling and structural equation modeling. According to the findings, internal social capital resources have a significant influence on the business success of both genders of entrepreneurs. Conversely, social capital (external) resources have a direct and favorable influence on both male-owned and female-owned entrepreneurial enterprises' corporate performance. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by investigating the influence of social capital resources on the long-term success of male- and female-operated entrepreneurial ventures in Nigeria.

Abstract lgbtqia+ youth are at higher risk of suicide, homelessness, familial rejection, and various prejudices due to their sexual or gender orientation. This means that lgbtqia+ youth can have greater pastoral care needs than their non-lgbtqia+ peers. However, this study of Baptist youth pastors in Aotearoa/New Zealand reveals youth pastors feel unsupported and desire education, as they currently feel unaware of how to resolve some of the greater pastoral care needs of lgbtqia+ youth. Through semi-structured interviews, the Baptist youth pastors interviewed discussed concerns around pastoral care, the conflict that the Church has around lgbtqia+, and the lack of training and education on the topic of lgbtqia+. All the youth pastors interviewed expressed a desire to see change in the resourcing, training, education, attitudes, and beliefs about lgbtqia+.

Approximately one-fifth of adolescents in the US experience a major depressive episode each year. Universal depression screening for adolescents is recommended as part of routine pediatric primary care, but its cost-effectiveness is unclear. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of universal routine depression screening in adolescent primary care compared with usual care. This economic evaluation used a decision-analytic model with an embedded state-transition submodel and annual transitions. A hypothetical population of 1000 adolescents and young adults from ages 12 to 22 years, including 12 demographic groups of disaggregated combinations of sex (female and male) and race or ethnicity (American Indian or Alaska Native; Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White; and multiracial or other race or ethnicity) was simulated in pediatric primary care settings. Universal depression screening of varying frequencies, including annual, biennial, and single-time screening at age 12 years, compared with usual care, defined as 20% annual screening rate. Costs, health effects as measured by quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and depression-free days, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) from the health care sector and limited societal perspectives. A universal annual screening policy had an ICER of $66 822 per QALY or $84 per depression-free day gained compared with single-time screening from the limited societal perspective, including caregiver time costs. Universal single-time screening had an ICER of $44 483 per QALY and $62 per depression-free day gained compared with usual care. Targeted universal depression screening was more cost-effective for female individuals and those who identified as Hispanic, Latina, or Spanish, multiracial, or other race or ethnicity. Results were sensitive to treatment recovery rates, depression health state utility scores, treatment costs involving psychotherapy, suicide-related hospitalization costs, and initial depression prevalence at age 12 years. In approximately 99.8% of probabilistic simulations, universal annual screening had an ICER less than $150 000 per QALY threshold. The study results suggest that universal annual depression screening for adolescents in primary care is cost-effective compared with a $100 000 per QALY willingness-to-pay threshold. Universal annual screening may be more cost-effective if health systems invest in efforts to enhance family access to telemedicine behavioral health, decrease treatment costs, or improve treatment effectiveness. Future analyses could examine whether additional potentially associated demographic factors, such as gender orientation, sexual identity, rurality, or comorbidities, affect cost-effectiveness outcomes.

Introduction: Differences in sports disciplines impact athletes' life skills (LS), and this is greatly influenced by the model and strategy of integrating LS into the training program.Objective: This study aims to examine the differences in LS between male and female athletes and to identify the factors contributing to the improvement of LS.Methodology: The researcher used a mixed method with an explanatory sequential design. The quantitative study sample totaled 51 young athletes (23 males and 28 females). Quantitative data was collected using the 47-item Life Skills for Sport Scale and analyzed descriptively and statistically independent samples t-test. There were six qualitative respondents. Qualitative data were collected using 47 semi-structured interview guidelines and analyzed thematically.Results: There were no significant differences between the two sample groups, but female athletes had a better LS. Six of the eight LS indicators showed significant differences: time management, emotional skills, interpersonal communication, social skills, leadership, and problem-solving and decision-making. Discussion: Experiences that contribute to improving young athletes’ LS are providing opportunities to discuss and evaluate training results, playing the role of team captain or group leader, setting a clear training schedule for each training component, being open to mistakes in order to control emotions better, training in pairs or groups to encourage closer relationships, and simulating various problems or challenges during training.Conclusions: Future researchers need to design a LS integration program to address the LS issues of young athletes.

Introduction. Ensuring the structural coherence of the components of budget programs remains a pressing issue in the search for ways to improve the program-targeted method in the budget process, especially given that the principles of “human-centeredness” and gender responsibility have become guiding benchmarks in public finance management. Problem Statement. The objectives, tasks, and performance indicators of budget programs lack logical coherence. The calculation algorithms do not always align with the content of the category they belong to and only partially consider gender aspects. This diminishes their role as tools for evaluating the effectiveness of budget program implementation. The purpose is to identify gaps in defining the objectives, tasks, and performance indicators of budget programs in terms of their structural coherence and alignment with the principles of human-centeredness and gender orientation, and to substantiate proposals for their improvement. Methods. The following methods were applied: grouping, comparison, analysis, theoretical generalization, and logical reasoning. Results. It was established that the objectives and tasks formulated within budget programs do not contain a financial component but rather reflect the goals and types of social support and the activities of social services aimed at supporting people with disabilities. The number of recipients of public goods is reflected in both the output and input indicators. The efficiency and quality indicators do not correspond to established approaches to their interpretation, which prevents an adequate assessment of the appropriateness of using budget funds in specific areas. Gender aspects are poorly considered in the formation of budget programs. Conclusions. Managing public finances based on the principles of human-centeredness and gender orientation requires updating the design of budget programs. Performance indicators should be aligned with the components that define their content and should accompany each program task separately. Public goods created through budgetary funding should address the needs of women, men, boys, girls, and people with special needs.

Introduction: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals face increased risk of receiving suboptimal care, including palliative care. Despite research demonstrating strategies to improve care, little is known about the experiences of palliative care clinicians providing care to these communities. Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to characterize attitudes and practices of palliative care physicians around providing care to SGM individuals. Design: This exploratory, qualitative study used semi-structured interviewing. Interviews were transcribed and coded using reflexive thematic analysis. Setting and Participants: Twenty-four palliative care physicians practicing in the homecare, hospice, and hospital settings from geographically diverse sites across Canada were recruited from palliative care organizations using convenience and snowball sampling. Results: Four main themes represent perspectives on improving palliative care for SGM individuals: (1) increasing experience with and knowledge about SGM communities increases clinicians' confidence and competency; (2) standardizing inclusive sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data collection and documentation can improve patient care; (3) addressing individual, systemic, and societal biases may improve palliative care provided to SGM individuals; and (4) knowing SOGI improves care quality. Conclusions: Clinicians must familiarize themselves with the importance of SOGI to the care provided as well as the palliative care needs of SGM communities. Institutions should provide tailored training around the unique needs of SGM patients and implement policies and tools that standardize sexual and gender orientation data collection and documentation.

IntroductionCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is one of the most common (classical type; nonclassical type) genetic diseases and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.This disease can lead to adrenal insufficiency, fluid-electrolyte disorder, and ambiguous genitalia as a result of axis dysfunction in cortisol biosynthesis. The optimal time for gender identity formation is between the ages of 18 and 36 months. The gender assignment of patients with CAH should be done as soon as possible before people around them know about it.Clinical CaseA 23-year-old patient with known CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency was referred to our clinic by a psychiatrist 1 year ago with the diagnosis of gender dysphoria. In his history, the patient was admitted first to the hospital with complaints of nausea and vomiting only one month after birth by his family. During examination at that time, BP was 70/40mmHg, and genital examination revealed ambiguous genitalia. In laboratory tests, Na:128mEq/l, K:5.1 mEq/l, DHEA-SO4: 4mcg/dl, basal cortisol: 1.18 mcg/dl and 17-OH progesterone: 6.8 ng/ml were found, and Karyotype analysis was reported as 46 XX. According to these results, the patient was diagnosed with CAH. Genetic analysis revealed CYP21A2 IVS2-13 C>G homozygous mutation. The patient who has classical type CAH was accepted as a phenotypically and genetically female child by her family and had undergone 2 correction operations since the age of 1 due to ambiguous genitalia.Between 2003 and 2013, he continued his follow-up in the pediatric endocrinology department and used Hydrocortisone + Fludrocortisone treatment in varying doses. He expressed that he did not go for regular check-ups and did not use his medications until 2018. Due to being untreated for a long time, his testosterone levels were high as male normal ranges, and his phenotype was male. The Ferriman-Gallwey score was determined as 22, and reconstruction scars and narrow vaginal opening were observed in the genital examination. In the laboratory test without any treatment were 17-OH-progesterone > 20ng/ml, basal cortisol: 7.8 mcg/dl, ACTH: 570 pg/ml, total testosterone: 524 ng/L, estradiol: 42 ng/L, DHEAS:252 mcg/dl, FSH:4.5 IU/L, LH: 0.76 IU/L, Na:136 mEq/L, K:4.3 mEq/L.The patient, who had simple virilizing CAH and gender dysphoria together, was first planned to start steroid replacement therapy in terms of CAH treatment. According to his clinical course, a decision was made to re-evaluate him in terms of identity change and testosterone replacement therapy.ConclusionThe majority of CAH patients were raised as chromosomally female-identifying and living as female despite masculinized gender behaviors. Only 5.2% of these patients experienced gender dissatisfaction. Recent studies have shown that rather than intrauterine hormone exposure, regular treatment during the growth period and gender orientation during follow-up are more accurate and important regarding psychosocial satisfaction.Figure 1Possesses a masculine phenotype without using any testosterone

The study aimed to explore the meaning and purpose of the phrase Sana all from the perspective of Generation Z. Specifically, it sought to investigate how individuals across three gender identities perceive and use the phrase in everyday communication. Using a qualitative research design and Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis, the study employed purposive sampling to select fifteen participants representing three gender identities, namely women, LGBT, and men, all of whom had knowledge and were users of the phrase. A Priori Code was used to come up with the interview questions, which served as the main instrument of the study. The audio recordings obtained from the interviews were transcribed verbatim and were subjected to cool and warm analyses. A warm analysis was conducted to categorize the key ideas and identify the final themes of the study. The transcription and the translation of the responses were validated by the researcher’s adviser. The findings revealed that for all three groups, the phrase was commonly associated with feelings of benign envy, which also served as a source of motivation. Additionally, Sana all was widely used by the Filipino Gen Zs, regardless of their gender orientation, as it has multiple roles in communication: it conveys concise information, it is easily understood, it minimizes the offensiveness of words, it promotes inclusivity by aligning with the current trends, it can conceal true feelings and intentions, and it acts as a barrier against negative connotations. As a linguistic tool, Sana all creates a sense of belongingness and effective communication among individuals of all gender orientations. The frequent use of the phrase reflects the ever-changing nature of language.

Migratory movements are not only made up of subjects who move from one place to another, but part of these routes depend on and are articulated with various types of materiality that are not always considered in research as factors that facilitate or obstruct said trajectories. In this article we pay attention to how migrant objects are a constitutive part of the transfers of migrant subjects of gender-based dissidence, allowing them various identification processes in their various moments of mobility, as well as memory between origin and destination. Through a reflexivity exercise with migrant objects, the stories of four people from different countries who reside in Chile are analyzed. It is concluded that the relationship between migrant subject-object allows the generation of specific and unique memories, feelings and affects, which speak both of the change of residence and also of the changes associated with gender orientation and identity.

The article examines aspects of gender poetics, the most urgent problem of literary criticism.The field of study of the topic is given in Kazakh literature. Within the framework of the materials of domesticresearchers of Kazakh literature, the problems of gender poetics, its features and connections with the worldliterary science will be analyzed. The purpose is study the specific features of Kazakh literature, to compare thedata of the history of the formation, development of the gender theme with a sample of world literature. It isknown in the world literary science, gender studies are becoming a separate branch of science “genderology” andhas formed a channel. In Kazakh literary science, “genderology” is at the stage of formation. Scientific researchrelated to gender studies. It was focused mainly in the field of social, philosophical, economic sciences. Inrecent years, linguistics, cultural studies, literary studies have become the object of study of the gender sphere.Although it appeared early in foreign science, one of the most methodically developed in Russian literarystudies. The topic is of high relevance for the Kazakh literary science. The research uses traditional scientificdescriptive, semantic, qualitative, comparative, classification methods. The gender analysis of a literary textis not limited to the consideration of the figurative system and the social context of the work. There are quitecomplex issues in world literary studies weren’t solved when considering its object of feminism, men’s artisticworks within the framework of the established gender orientation. A special examination of complex scientificissues related to gender issues and relevant topic should be studied comprehensively. The consideration offiction in a gender perspective reflects well-established views on masculine and feminist stereotypes in society,to the formation of new ideas.

PurposeThis study proposes the theory of higher education learning (THEL). The theory argues that certain concepts are difficult to understand, so learners and instructors should consider common factors that will enhance learners’ understanding of key concepts that are difficult to comprehend across various fields of study. The components of this theory have been tested in three different fields (public administration, entrepreneurship and chemistry) in separate studies in Ghana, Nigeria and Burundi within a five-year span to validate their applicability to higher education learning.Design/methodology/approachThe design covers empirical, philosophical and theoretical discussions and comparative studies of other researchers and the authors’ work and thinking.FindingsThis theory proposes five variables (gender, age, opportunity, instructor knowledge and instructor confidence) that address students’ difficulty in understanding concepts in higher education learning. These factors are premised on six assumptions: (1) gender orientation must be either male or female; (2) age must be consistent with the parameter set; (3) there must be learners’ desire to study the same subject after school; (4) there must be an institution offering further studies on the same subject; (5) the instructor might have understood the subject in his/her official training, experience or practice and (6) the instructor must demonstrate certainty, accuracy, verifiability and reliability in the transfer of knowledge to the learners. Given these assumptions, the uniqueness of this theory lies in its application of the five variables to solve challenges uniquely related to studies in higher education.Originality/valueThis theory will incite debate and provide further insights into higher education learning models. The novelty lies in the five prepositions proven to enhance effective teaching and learning in higher education. Specifically, it introduces an extension to Piaget’s cognitive constructivist theory by proposing higher age brackets for students at the university level, opportunity (for future studies) to close the gap in Ausubul’s theory of advance organizers and endogenous factors to bridge the gap in Okebukola’s culturo-techno-contextual approach.