Intersection Of Gender Research Articles

Missed-representations of Hong Kong and power in Lee’s The Expatriates and Amazon’s Expats

ABSTRACT In 2018, Amazon Studios announced that they would be collaborating with Nicole Kidman’s production company Blossom Films to produce a series based on Janice Y. K. Lee’s novel The Expatriates. Although Amazon had intended for the series to improve gender and ethnic representation in Hollywood, the Hong Kong online community critiqued the production process for failing to accurately represent Hong Kong by ignoring the political circumstances of its residents. These two concepts of representation, deeply rooted in differing senses of social justice, missed each other. Moreover, the production process of the US series contributed to social inequalities in Hong Kong at the intersections of gender, race, and class. Employing “Asia as Method,” this article maps Hong Kong’s geography of hierarchies to construct a theoretical framework for analysing how US cultural productions about Asia not only reflect social and cultural systems of the sites of production but more importantly become an actor in the production of social inequalities and hierarchies of power. Expat as a historical and social category reveals that while British colonial and economic systems may have laid the foundation for hierarchical power in Hong Kong, expats today continue to build on and create new hierarchies through everyday life.

How Gender and Work Status Shape Political Ideology: Evidence from Homemakers in Spain

This article analyzes the role of women's engagement in paid versus unpaid work in determining gender and intra-gender polarization in political ideology. Modern gender gaps in political ideology, where women place to the left of men, have replaced traditional gaps in Western democracies since the 1990s. Southern Europe, with low rates of women's labor force participation, lagged behind this transformation. This study examines the case of Spain for 1993–2019, to explore the long-run evolution of political ideology at the intersection of gender and work status. Homemaking status is a strong driver of conservative political positioning. Instrumenting homemaking status with regional-level labor force participation to alleviate endogeneity issues confirms a causal chain: macro trends in women's labor force participation rate predict the probability of homemaking occupation at the individual level, which in turn impact political ideology. The article argues that intra-gender occupational gaps are crucial in determining contemporary political cleavages. HIGHLIGHTS The interaction between gender and paid and unpaid work status drives political ideology. Homemaking status is identified as a strong driver of conservative political positioning in Spain, similar to findings for Italy and Turkey. Macroeconomic trends in women's labor force participation predict women's greater support of left-wing political parties. Macroeconomic growth patterns that exclude women from jobs may trigger a political tendency toward authoritarian conservative regimes.

Bridging Hebrew and Yiddish: Dvora Baron’s Multilingual Vision in “Ogmat Nefesh”

Dvora Baron’s “Ogmat Nefesh” exemplifies the complexities of early 20th-century Jewish multilingualism, offering distinct Hebrew and Yiddish versions of the story to explore intersections of gender, ideology, and identity. This paper draws on theoretical frameworks from Harshav’s concept of the “language of power”, Miron’s notion of “amphibianism”, Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory, and Brenner’s “lingering bilingualism” to examine how Baron’s bilingual authorship shapes her narrative strategies and critiques systemic inequities. Through close readings of key passages, it analyzes how her linguistic choices influence character portrayal, narrative tone, and thematic emphasis across the two versions. Situating “Ogmat Nefesh” within the historical contexts of Eastern European and Palestinian Jewish communities, the study also considers Baron’s engagement with Zionist and diasporic frameworks and her feminist critique of patriarchal structures. Finally, Baron’s personal experiences of exile and literary seclusion further illuminate the interplay between individual circumstances and cultural production in her work. By engaging with secondary scholarship and feminist perspectives, this study highlights Baron’s contributions to early 20th-century feminist writing and her enduring relevance to debates on multilingualism and cultural identity in Jewish literature.

Beyond White Secular/Christian Innocence

Abstract This article builds on Nella van den Brandt’s critical cultural analysis of women’s religious transformations to offer a novel perspective on interreligious dialogue (IRD) within the European context. By exploring the intersections of religion, gender, race, and secularism, the article challenges the prevailing assumption that IRD is an inherently inclusive and emancipatory practice. Instead, it reveals how IRD can, often unintentionally, perpetuate white secular/Christian hegemony, reinforcing boundaries between “us” (Europeans) and “them” (religious or cultural others).

Discursive Constructions of Patriarchy in Mulan (2020): A Study of Language, Culture, and Power

This study investigates the representation of Chinese patriarchal culture through linguistic expressions in Disney’s 2020 live-action film Mulan. Employing a descriptive-qualitative method and grounded in a sociolinguistic framework, particularly the intersection of language and gender, this research analyzes how patriarchal values are encoded in character dialogue. A relational analysis approach, informed by gender and family relation theories, reveals distinct speech patterns between male and female characters. Male characters predominantly use declarative and evaluative speech acts characterized by positive metaphorical expressions, signifying authority and affirmation within the societal hierarchy. Conversely, female characters’ utterances are largely expressive and commissive in nature, often marked by negative metaphors, reflecting marginalization and constrained agency. The findings suggest that patriarchal cultural norms continue to shape social expectations and restrict women’s participation in the public sphere. Within the narrative, gender roles are assigned based on biological sex rather than individual competence or evolving social identities, underscoring the persistence of gender-based power asymmetries in Chinese patriarchal discourse.

Recruiting resistance: women, war, and intelligence in the SOE’s F section

ABSTRACT The recruitment of women into the Special Operations Executive (SOE) during the Second World War marked a significant yet complex shift in British intelligence. While wartime necessity expanded opportunities for women in espionage, their recruitment remained shaped by entrenched gender biases. Women were scrutinised more heavily than their male counterparts, expected to meet higher linguistic and cultural standards, and often assessed based on their perceived ability to ‘pass’ unnoticed in occupied France. Drawing on primary sources, including archival material from the Imperial War Museum – and engaging with historiographical insights, this article examines the intersection of gender and operational necessity in SOE recruitment. It argues that while the SOE adapted to the demands of war by integrating women into covert roles, their inclusion remained constrained by societal expectations. Ultimately, while the SOE offered women unprecedented opportunities in military intelligence, their recruitment and assessment reflected broader societal constraints, highlighting both the evolving possibilities and persistent limitations of women’s roles in wartime espionage.

Who is a scientist? Gender and racial biases in google vision AI

Abstract With the prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) in everyday life, there is a need to study the biases of AI. Specifically, understanding the biases of AI in computer vision is important due to visual content's role in creating classes and categories that can shape people’s perspectives. Without supervision, such classifications can lead to gradual and intangible negative impacts of AI discrimination in the real world. Demographics at the intersection of gender and racial biases may experience unforeseen multiplier effects due to how AI compounds big data without accounting for implicit biases. To quantitatively verify this multiplier effect of biases, this study first examines the gender and racial biases in Google Cloud Vision AI, a leading application with a high level of adoption and usage in different sectors worldwide. Statistical analysis of 1600 diverse images of scientists reveals that Google Cloud Vision AI has implicit gender and racial biases in identifying scientists in image processing. Particularly, the findings show that, in this sample, Black and Hispanic individuals were represented less compared to White and Asian individuals as scientists. Google Cloud Vision AI also significantly underrepresented women as scientists compared to men. Finally, the results indicate that biases at the intersection of race and gender are exponentially worse, with women of color being least represented in images of scientists by Google Vision. Given the ubiquity and impact of AI applications, addressing the complexity of social issues such as equitable integration and algorithmic fairness is essential to maintaining public trust in AI.

RACISMO E MISOGINIA NA COMUNIDADE COSPLAY

This paper uses the intersection of race and gender to analyze the comments on the video MY EXPOSED (and prejudice in the cosplay community) by the black digital influencer Magic Phyra. The aim is to observe how intersectional violence occurs in digital and physical spaces dedicated to the cosplay community, what the impacts are, how people who enjoy the practice cope with it, and whether or not they stay. As a theoretical framework, the concepts of cultures, representation, stereotypes, images of control, intersectionality, fan culture, and their problematization are used. As a methodology, the content of the Magic video was analyzed, as well as the 499 public comments on the videos. Six categories of analysis were created, focusing on perceptions of prejudice, racism, misogyny and sexism, skin bleaching, discouragement, and self-acceptance of cosplayers or people who want to start or return to the practice. As a result, intersectional violence is the main factor driving away or discouraging participation in the community. Many black people said they lightened their skin with make-up and photo editing, lost weight, and had surgery to fit in with the expectations of the standard characters. The low level of black representation in audiovisual media limits black people's choices, making them feel insecure when it comes to playing white or yellow characters. However, with digital influence, it's becoming common to find black cosplayers who inspire others, such as Magic Phyra, who emphasizes self-acceptance, adapting cosplay to their bodies, and that the practice should be enjoyable for everyone.

Women, Ethnicity, and Peacebuilding: A Case Study of the Councils of National Minorities in Serbia

Abstract Councils of National Minorities (NMCs), connected with the concept of non-territorial autonomy, have been recognized in research as a safeguard of minority rights, offering potential solutions to ethnic tensions. NMCs could be important actors in countries such as Serbia where tensions over the Kosovo issue are still present. Despite various studies on NMCs in Serbia, the specific role of women in these councils and their contribution to peace-making has not been a primary focus. This 2024 research in Serbia examines the involvement of women from NMCs in challenging male/state-centric discourses on women as peacemakers through inductive thematic analysis of interviews with female NMCs’ representatives. The focus of the analysis is on intersections of nation and gender, the impact of women in NMCs on reducing tensions and fostering peace, and the gendered nature of these processes. This study contributes to understanding the role of women from NMCs in peacebuilding using non-territorial frameworks.

Flexibility Fatigue in the It Industry: A Matricentric Exploration of Working Women’s Remote Work Struggles

This study explores the phenomenon of flexibility fatigue among Indian working women in the IT industry through a matricentric lens. The sudden shift to remote work, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has blurred work-life boundaries and intensified the caregiving responsibilities of women, especially mothers. While flexibility is designed to enhance work-life balance, this research highlights how it often results in perpetual availability, mental exhaustion, and emotional strain. Semi-structured interviews with 30 Indian working mothers were conducted and analysed thematically, revealing key challenges such as work-life boundary erosion, gendered household pressures, lack of organizational empathy, psychological strain, and the pressing need for supportive structures. The findings emphasize the intersectionality of gender, culture, and professional expectations, demonstrating the systemic neglect of women’s unique challenges in remote work models. This research contributes to theories of boundary management, role strain, and feminist organizational studies, while also offering actionable recommendations for organizations and policymakers to design gender-sensitive policies that promote mental health, caregiving support, and career equity. Future research is recommended across sectors and genders to further understand flexibility fatigue's broader implications.

The gendered funeral rites and rituals of the Frafra and Dagaaba ethnic groups in upper regions of Ghana

This study focuses on the Frafra and Dagaaba ethnic groups in Upper Regions of Ghana (Upper East and Upper West Regions of Ghana) to examine the gendered aspects of mortuary and funeral rites. The study, anchored on the theoretical frameworks of Feminist Anthropology and Postcolonial theory, adopted qualitative approach by deploying Semi structure interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Participant Observation in the data collection exercise. Bolgatanga, Bongo, Tongo, Navrongo, and Sandema in the Upper East Region and Jirapa, Lawra, Takpo, Diffiama, and Nandom in the Upper West Region were the 10 communities where fieldworks were carried out. Additionally, the researchers conducted ethnographic studies, spending two weeks in each of the studied location to get a thorough understanding of regional traditions and rituals. Data on the insights into how gender hierarchies are ingrained in cultural practices and the lasting impacts of colonialism on social structures and cultural norms were gathered. The study used these viewpoints to critically analyze how gender roles and power dynamics influenced burial rites in these areas. To ensure the inclusion of key participants into the study, a purposive sample technique was employed to choose participants who had direct engagement and substantial knowledge of mortuary and funeral activities. For the semi-structured interviews, a total of 30 participants were chosen, 15 from each region. Two traditional priests, one from each region, and seven males and seven females from each region were included to ensure gender balance. Additionally, separate Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 10–12 participants were held for male and female community members. The results showed that funeral rites were still heavily influenced by traditional gender norms, with men normally occupying authoritative positions in ritual leadership and decision-making and women being confined to emotional and practical duties. However, the study also found that initiatives to challenge long-standing gender hierarchies and larger social changes are driving a shift towards more inclusive practices. According to the research, even in the face of patriarchal norms, greater gender parity in funeral ceremonies could be fostered by targeted policy reforms and enhanced knowledge. In addition to offering greater insights into societal beliefs regarding gendered roles in these rituals, these conversations sought to document gendered viewpoints on funeral practices. The study has multiple implications for practice and policy in the future. In order to foster equal participation in funeral rites and increase inclusivity and respect for all genders, it promotes the adoption of gender-sensitive regulations. In postcolonial African societies, gendered power dynamics and colonial legacies continue to influence cultural practices. This research highlights the need for a more nuanced approach to the intersection of gender, tradition, and power in modern African contexts. Such a strategy could guide the development of policy frameworks that support social justice, gender equity, and the decolonization of regional cultural traditions.

Gender and race in neurotrauma: part 2-underrepresentation in clinical trial enrollment and impact on clinical outcomes.

The underrepresentation of women and racial minorities in clinical trials populations remains a persistent challenge across many medical specialties, including Neurosurgery. A diverse research cohort brings varied perspectives and experiences, which can lead to more innovative solutions to medical problems, generalizable findings, and the foundations to provide culturally competent care to the populations most affected by the condition at hand. The importance of representative Neurotrauma trial populations cannot be overstated, as results are essential to inform decision making and gender and race have both been shown to significantly influence patient outcomes, as seen in the traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury populations. Although the path towards gender and racial parity in clinical trial participants has been slow, numerous actions have been taken, including the FDA Safety and Innovation Act (2012) and Omnibus Reform Act (2022) on a systemic level. In this paper, we aimed to explore the barriers to and implications of inadequate representation in neurotrauma trials to outline a roadmap towards more diverse trial inclusion and retention. Key strategies moving forward include recruiting a diverse research team, developing flexible study protocols that support the varying needs of individuals of different backgrounds, establishing methods of data analysis that control for social and demographic factors instead of excluding individuals from participating, introducing patient navigators, reflecting on systemically engrained biases, implementing mandatory reporting of gender and race data, establishing and analyzing policies that keep researchers accountable towards goals of inclusive recruitment, and identifying and addressing unique barriers that individuals at the intersection of gender and racial minority status face.

Power, class, and gender in dementia care: Stories of carer precariousness from culturally and linguistically diverse female family carers in Australia.

Dementia care provision is a global challenge. However, dynamics to provide care to a family member living with dementia in their home are far more complex. Evidence suggests that dementia care among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities is largely offered by family members within communities. But at a family level, care happens at the intersection of unequal gender relations, complex cultural constructions of dementia, and longstanding family values and traditions. While these dynamics show the intersection of power, class, and gender, these aspects have not gained widespread currency in dementia policy plans. Yet they shape the identities and social positioning of carers and consequently carer precariousness. This article reveals that the role of caring for family members living with dementia is embedded in complex power structures that stigmatise the identities of carers and those cared for, reproduces gendered social hierarchies, exacerbate economic uncertainties, and diminish the merits of filial piety - a valued cultural practice. By centering the voices of female carers from a CALD background, the authors highlight the need for policymakers to devote particular attention to how the intersection of the diverse cultural environments with dementia care at a family level induce carer insecurities and vulnerabilities - precariousness. This calls for an emancipatory dementia policy agenda that values the lived experiences of female carers' cumulative disadvantage over the course of providing care.

Empowering Women: A Human Rights Perspective on Gender Equality in Northeast India

Empowering women in Northeast India is crucial to achieving gender equality and realizing human rights. This region, characterized by its ethnic diversity and unique socio-cultural fabric, presents both challenges and opportunities in addressing gender disparities. Despite remarkable strides made in education and social spheres, women in Northeast India continue to face issues such as limited access to resources, violence, discrimination, and socio-economic exclusion. From a human rights perspective, this paper examines the role of empowerment in advancing gender equality in the region, emphasizing legal reforms, education, economic participation, and political representation. The intersectionality of gender, ethnicity, and regional identity is explored to understand the unique challenges women in this area face. By integrating human rights principles with local cultural contexts, the paper calls for a collaborative approach between state and non-state actors to build a more inclusive society where women’s rights are fully realized and protected.

Effects of livestock related gender roles on pastoral children and their implication to RVF risk exposure

Abstract Background: Children in pastoral communities play a significant role in herding livestock, placing them at a high risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens such as the Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. However, socioeconomic studies on knowledge, attitude and practices on RVF often involve adults and community trainings that are usually implemented to bridge knowledge gaps seldom involve children. Understanding how gender roles influence risk exposure is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. Aim: This study sought to investigate how gender roles influence the vulnerability of pastoralist boys and girls to RVF in Isiolo County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to examine how the livestock-related roles of boys and girls in the pastoralist communities increase their risk of RVF, establish the knowledge that pastoralist boys and girls have about RVF and assess how livestock roles affect the lives of boys and girls in the pastoral communities. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted in Isiolo County, Kenya. Data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with vignettes and key informant guides. Twelve sex-disaggregated focus group discussions of 106 discussants and 17 key informants were conducted. Data was transcribed, coded and analyzed in NVivo 14. Findings: We found that boys and girls had varying levels of knowledge about RVF, with boys showing a deeper understanding of RVF. Both girls and boys engage in livestock roles that expose them to RVF risk. Beyond RVF, pastoralism affects children’s access to education, health, and leisure time and exposes them to food insecurity. Conclusion: We conclude that both boys and girls face RVF risk, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and strategies that move beyond a general approach to RVF prevention within pastoralist communities. This is vital, as exposure pathways and vulnerabilities may differ due to gendered roles and responsibilities. One Health impact statement This research utilized a qualitative approach to explore the influence of gender-based roles on RVF exposure risks among boys and girls within pastoralist communities. By investigating the intersection of gender, culture, and disease dynamics, the study demonstrates the value of a One Health perspective, bringing out a critical group- children, that many times are forgotten. It reveals how distinct, gendered livestock-related roles shape differential exposure risks and knowledge gaps, especially among children, impacting both human and animal health. This interconnected understanding highlights the need to move beyond siloed approaches, demonstrating that a comprehensive analysis of socio-cultural factors, alongside epidemiological data, is essential for a holistic understanding of RVF transmission and exposure risks within pastoralist systems. This study emphasizes the One Health principle that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are inextricably linked, providing a foundation for future research and interventions that recognize the complex dynamics of zoonotic diseases in these communities.

A bibliometric analysis of the link between women leadership and corruption: A review of the literature from 2009 to 2023

The recent focus on women's leadership emphasizes the global movement towards gender equality in multiple sectors, underscoring the significance of inclusive governance and decision-making processes. Corruption continues to be a significant barrier to economic growth, social justice, and political stability. Women are underrepresented in leadership roles, occupying only 24% of parliamentary seats worldwide and 7.4% of CEO positions in Fortune 500 companies. This study aims to investigate the relationship between increased female leadership and the incidence of corruption. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of 125 scholarly articles to examine the literature on the intersection of gender, leadership, and corruption from 2009 to 2023. The findings indicate a notable research gap, especially within the Global South, where African nations are inadequately represented in studies concerning corruption and leadership. Furthermore, the funding allocated for research in this area is insufficient, hindering the formulation of evidence-based policies. Current research primarily addresses political governance, education, and socioeconomic factors, while neglecting critical areas such as gender disparity, economic development, business ethics, violence, and organizational management concerning women's leadership and corruption. Empirical studies play a crucial role in informing policy development, bridging knowledge gaps, and directing future research efforts.

Between Homeland and Hostland

Abstract This paper explores the representation of the dynamics of Afrodiasporic family relationships in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries by analysing Buchi Emecheta’s Kehinde and Taiye Selasi’s Ghana Must Go. These two women writers interrogate the family relationships of Africans living in Europe and North America. The cultural challenges encountered in the diaspora complicate African immigrant family bonds and relationships. The intersections of gender, race, and class in immigrants’ host countries present challenges that they must negotiate, leading to family disintegration or conflict. These intersections are further complicated by the generational gap between first-generation immigrants and the children they raise. First-generation immigrants experience a clash between the culture of their home country and their hostland, affecting the family relationships they build. The notion of home (the homeland) then acts as a catalyst that breaks or complicates family relationships in the diaspora; however, in some instances, it provides a way to mend and heal.

Balancing Books and Brooms: Gender Disparities in Household Chores and Their Impact on Academic Stress

The unequal distribution of household chores based on gender norms has profound implications for students’ academic stress. Traditional societal expectations often place a greater domestic burden on female students, leaving them with limited time and energy to focus on academic pursuits. This study examines the relationship between gender-based disparities in household responsibilities and the resulting levels of academic stress among university students. Results reveal that female participants engage in a disproportionate share of household tasks compared to male counterparts, contributing to heightened academic stress (Hochschild & Machung, 2012). Furthermore, cultural norms and traditional gender roles exacerbate this imbalance, intensifying emotional and physical strain (Eagly, 1987). Incorporating both cross-cultural perspectives and Islamic teachings, which emphasize equity and fairness in domestic responsibilities (The Quran, 16:97), the study offers nuanced insights into the intersection of societal expectations, gender, and education. The findings underscore the necessity for gender-equitable practices in households and suggest institutional interventions to support students burdened by academic stress.

Suitable for the Job? Matching Stereotype Content of Occupations and Demographic Group Membership at the Intersection of Gender and Sexual Orientation

Suitable for the Job? Matching Stereotype Content of Occupations and Demographic Group Membership at the Intersection of Gender and Sexual Orientation

Between Tradition and Transformation: Gender Roles and Cultural Identity of Temple Wives in Japanese Buddhism

This paper explores the evolving gender roles and cultural identities of temple wives in Japanese Buddhism, focusing on the transition “between tradition and transformation” in the Jōdu Shinshū Sect. Unlike traditional Buddhist practices that prohibit clerical marriage, Japan allows monks to marry, making the role of temple wives unique. Historically, temple wives were responsible for domestic duties and supporting their husbands’ religious work, often within a patriarchal structure. This study examines how these roles have changed from older to newer generations, emphasizing shifts in gender dynamics and cultural identity. The research highlights temple wives’ increasing visibility and leadership in contemporary Buddhist communities. The older temple wife, who has long been in charge of running the temple, and her daughter-in-law, who took over recently, are the main subjects of this paper. It examines the traditional duties of temple wives and the transformations in their gender and cultural identities within Japanese Buddhism. In recent decades, evolving gender dynamics and societal calls for equality have led to significant changes. Modern temple wives reshape their identities beyond conventional norms by embracing leadership positions, pursuing Buddhist education, and participating in community service. This research argues that the transformations of temple wives reflect a significant cultural shift as they move from passive preservers of religious heritage to active agents of change. Examining the experiences of both older and newer generations highlights the intersection of tradition, gender, and cultural identity in Japanese Buddhism. The study sheds light on how religious institutions navigate changing societal expectations while maintaining core spiritual values.