Abstract: This article discusses the history of the world's oldest profession, prostitution, and its official establishment in Athens in the 5th century to address urgent socio-economic issues. Without even meaning to, prostitution became part of the legal and political sphere. Greek marriage legislation encouraged its institutionalisation: prostitution was established in Greece under Solon to restore social order and the marriage market, and to prevent abuses (rape of free women, early marriages and pregnancies, etc.). The official establishment of brothels and houses of ill repute housing slave women and foreign women of easy virtue made it possible to satisfy the libido or sexual appetite of young citizens and men of marriageable age and helped to guarantee the chastity or virginity of free girls by prohibiting any sexual relations before marriage. However, this same legislation only concerns female prostitution and punishes male prostitutes with atimia. Through this literary and historical study, it is truly the history of gender that is addressed. Mots-clés : Prostitution, Économie, Société, Esclaves, Institutions, Genre, Grèce, Antiquité Keywords: Prostitution, Economy, Society, Slaves, Institutions, Gender, Greece, Antiquity

The Myth of Sophia: The Feminine Manifestation of Divine Wisdom by Maryamalsadat Siahpoosh offers a sustained inquiry into Sophia as a theological symbol of feminine divine wisdom. Situated within feminist theology and the subfield of Sophialogy, the book examines how the figure of Sophia emerges in Jewish and Christian sources, particularly Gnostic texts, and how she intersects with Mary Magdalene as both historical character and symbolic embodiment of wisdom. Using a comparative–analytical method, Siahpoosh expands the discussion beyond the Judeo-Christian corpus to trace analogous forms of feminine divine wisdom in Hinduism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Mandaeism. Through this intercultural lens, the work challenges androcentric theological traditions and proposes Sophia as a framework for recovering women’s roles in religious discourse and imagination. By engaging neglected textual traditions and emphasizing female embodiment, the study contributes to ongoing feminist efforts to rearticulate theological models and reassess the gendered history of religions.

ABSTRACT In museums, the history of the Holocaust is told through various means of exhibition construction, including architecture/space, texts, artifacts, photographs, and digital technologies. The article focuses on the gendered history of the Holocaust in museums as institutions in Central Europe after the illiberal turn and evaluates how (and if) the museums incorporate the gender perspective in their narratives. It argues that illiberal museological practices are using “her‐story turn” in these Holocaust museums as the primary tool to contribute to the paradigm change in Holocaust memorialization.

The World Anti-Doping Code, which shapes the lived experiences of athletes, is considered ‘gender-neutral’ and is deemed to be applied equally to men and women. Applying Feminist Institutionalist theory to data from 30 interviews with women athletes, support personnel, and anti-doping experts and executives, we find that the Code produces gendered effects on women athletes. Further, we argue that ‘gender-neutral’ rules applied equally to men and women overlook the gendered history of sport, perpetuate historical and existing gender power differences, and thus implicitly reinforce entrenched gender inequity in sport. This paper explores the interaction of gender and anti-doping and their impact on the lived experiences of women athletes within the context of sport in Australia.

This field note shares the work of Gendermuseum (Museum of Women's and Gender History), the only interactive non-governmental museum in Ukraine and post-soviet Eastern Europe. We trace its antecedents and feminist adult education aims, and practices. Framed through the lens of feminist adult education, we discuss how we use exhibitions and objects as creative learning tools and spaces. In particular, we focus on an exhibition titled HerStory and the War and how this gives visibility to the different/additional impact of war on women and equally importantly, women’s critical albeit often overlooked contributions to war efforts.

This article opens up new territory by cross-fertilising insights of New Diplomatic History and gender history focused on the diplomatic agency of informal actors, and specifically the female spouses of European male diplomats and ministers at the end of the eighteenth century, with perspectives from the history of emotions. To this end, Todd Hall’s concept of ‘emotional diplomacy’ is focused on friendship. Letters from the players on the international stage of the European powers that were once labeled as ‘personal’ and therefore largely ignored in historiography so far – can thus be read as a source of historical knowledge about various social and cultural tactics of ‘soft diplomacy’ behind the facade of the official interstate diplomacy. The case developed here comprises the epistolary legacy of Geertruida Francisca van der Goes-de Eerens, wife of envoy Maarten van der Goes who served the Dutch Republic in the late eighteenth century. This corpus comprises more than three hundred letters from members and representatives of European embassies, envoys, secretaries, the Danish and Spanish courts. The part selected for this article comes primarily from Danish ministers’ wives Augusta Bernstorff and Charlotte Schimmelmann, and from Russian ambassador’s wife Julie von Krüdener. Their letters provide an insight into the close collaborative practices of women and men in the cosmopolitan mixed world of diplomatic, political and royal circles in Copenhague in the years between 1787 and 1796.

This article opens up new territory by cross-fertilising insights of New Diplomatic History and gender history focused on the diplomatic agency of informal actors, and specifically the female spouses of European male diplomats and ministers at the end of the eighteenth century, with perspectives from the history of emotions. To this end, Todd Hall’s concept of ‘emotional diplomacy’ is focused on friendship. Letters from the players on the international stage of the European powers that were once labeled as ‘personal’ and therefore largely ignored in historiography so far – can thus be read as a source of historical knowledge about various social and cultural tactics of ‘soft diplomacy’ behind the facade of the official interstate diplomacy. The case developed here comprises the epistolary legacy of Geertruida Francisca van der Goes-de Eerens, wife of envoy Maarten van der Goes who served the Dutch Republic in the late eighteenth century. This corpus comprises more than three hundred letters from members and representatives of European embassies, envoys, secretaries, the Danish and Spanish courts. The part selected for this article comes primarily from Danish ministers’ wives Augusta Bernstorff and Charlotte Schimmelmann, and from Russian ambassador’s wife Julie von Krüdener. Their letters provide an insight into the close collaborative practices of women and men in the cosmopolitan mixed world of diplomatic, political and royal circles in Copenhague in the years between 1787 and 1796.

Background : Anthropometry is a non-invasive, inexpensive, and objective method for evaluating orofacial morphology. This method has clinical applications in myofunctional assessment and therapy. Photogrammetry is a reliable and accurate method for measuring certain facial dimensions. In Indonesia, to date there has been no research that has conducted a photogrammetric evaluation of lip anthropormetry. Method : This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University which began in May to October 2024 with research subjects, namely 90 first-year undergraduate medical students, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Data in the form of anthropometry, race, history of congenital abnormalities, facial trauma, siliconoma, age, gender and smoking were recorded and then analyzed. Result : The results of the analysis of lip anthropometry based on gender showed a significant difference in lower lip height, where in women the average was 3.25 (0.36) and in men 3.01 (0.30), with a p value of 0.001. Likewise, the lower lip height was found to be significantly different with a p value = 0.003. Upper vermilion height in women was 1.51 (0.35) while in men it was 1.36 (0.25), these results were statistically significant (p value = 0.041). However, the comparison of lower vermillion did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Cutaneous lower lip and philtrum width were also significantly different with p values of 0.004 and 0.015, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study are expected to provide an overview of the analysis of anthropometric measurements of the lips using the photogrammetry method as basic data for measuring ideal lip anatomy in the field of facial reconstruction in Indonesia. Keywords: Anthropometric Measurement Of The Lip; Photogrammetry; Facial Reconstruction

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) increases the likelihood of suicide attempts. The characteristics of AUD that increase suicide attempt risk remain unclear. To identify factors associated with a history of suicide attempts and with suicidal acts occurring within a 2-year follow-up in patients with AUD. This multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients with AUD within 1 week of admission to in-patient care for alcohol withdrawal management. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected during a face-to-face clinician interview at baseline. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted up to 24 months post-inclusion to assess the primary end-point: the occurrence of a suicidal act (suicide attempt or completed suicide). To identify factors associated with past suicide attempts, Student's t-tests, chi-squared tests and logistic regression were performed. Univariate survival analyses and a multivariate Cox model were computed to identify predictors of suicidal acts occurring during the follow-up period. Of the 779 patients included in the study, 337 (43.3%) had a history of suicide attempts. This was significantly associated with a history of major depressive disorder, female gender and higher levels of suicidal ideation and hopelessness. Regarding the prospective analysis, suicidal acts occurred in 90 (11.5%) patients. A history of severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms, defined as delirium tremens or seizures (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.38, 95% CI 1.38-4.10, P = 0.002), and a history of suicide attempts (aHR 1.84, 95% CI 1.14-2.99, P = 0.013), were associated with higher occurrence of suicidal acts, while living alone (0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.78, P = 0.004) was a protective factor. While a history of suicide attempts is a well-established risk factor for future suicidal acts, a history of severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms emerges as an even stronger predictor. Further studies are necessary to generalise this finding and use it to identify patients at higher risk of suicidal acts.

To compare symptom characteristics between benign vocal fold lesions for insight into pathophysiology. Cross-sectional study. Adults who were diagnosed with a benign vocal fold lesion between June 2023 and June 2024 were included. Symptom features including acuity, duration, and inciting event were noted, along with prior history of voice problems, gender, and occupational voice load. Patients with cysts, polyps, and midfold lesions (fibrous mass, pseudocyst, non-specific midfold mass) were compared to those with lesions known to be acute (edema, hemorrhage) and lesions known to be chronic (sulcus vergeture, sulcus vocalis, scar, Reinke's edema). One hundred and fifty-one adults (44M:106F:1Other; mean age 39.1 ± 15.8 years) were included. Midfold lesions (49.3%) and cysts (53.3%) had similar rates of gradual onset to known chronic lesions (50.0%), whereas polyps (30.4%) and known acute lesions had lower rates (8.3%, Exact Test = 16.6, p = 0.002). Similarly, midfold masses (37.3%), cysts (13.3%), and known chronic lesions (42.9%) had lower associations with an inciting event compared to polyps (52.2%) and known acute lesions (87.5%, Exact Test = 26.8, p < 0.001). While not statistically significant (p = 0.054), cysts (46.7%), midfold lesions (57.3%), and known chronic lesions (78.6%) had a trend for more prior voice problems compared to polyps (30.4%) and known acute lesions (50.0%). These findings are consistent with models of phonotraumatic lesion development that suggest midfold lesions develop as a result of chronic cumulative damage, whereas polyps are more likely to develop acutely. Cysts may be structural lesions, as demonstrated by their lack of association with occupational voice use and chronic nature.

This essay analyses the decolonial feminist work behind and through the use of canonical Western artworks by Indigenous artists in the Global North and Global South. It focuses on three cases: Keiskamma Guernica (2010), a quilt made of fabric cut-offs and other found objects by a collective of Xhosa women from the Hamburg area in the Eastern Cape (South Africa), and the paintings Trade Canoe for Don Quixote (2004) and Trade Canoe: Don Quixote in Sumeria (2005) by artist Jaune Quick-to-See Smith, a Salish member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Nation from Turtle Island (North America). All three artworks show the influence of Pablo Picasso’s Guernica (1937), the well-known painting inspired by the 1937 bombing of the Basque city of Gernika during the Spanish Civil War, but neither is a mere remediation or re-presentation of the latter. Rather, these artworks assert Indigenous experiences and art while exposing the colonial gendered histories that animate the production, reception, and globalization of artworks such as Guernica.

ABSTRACT This introduction to the special issue ‘Women’s and Gender History in the Iberian Worlds: Global Knowledge Production’ argues that recovering women’s experiences of Iberian empires requires three interconnected methodological shifts. First, we must confront archival silences not as absences but as active productions of patriarchal and imperial power, requiring sensitive analysis that moves beyond traditional sources. Second, we advocate for a global approach that traces how local women’s actions and experiences shaped and were shaped by imperial structures. Third, we propose ‘knowledges’ in the plural to recognise diverse women’s expertise as central to imperial functioning. Building on the work of feminist and gender historians who have begun to recover intersectional histories across the Spanish and Portuguese empire, this special issue contributes to debates about gender, global history, and knowledge production.

Abstract The Weimar Republic looms large in the histories of queer liberation and sexual reform movements, both in Europe and transnationally. The promise of increased openness and plurality that shaped public discourse on a variety of issues in Germany’s first democracy was especially pronounced in the realms of sexual politics and gender identities. Within this progressive environment, the Institute for Sexual Science, established in Berlin in 1919, became the epicentre of new approaches in advocacy, policy-making and medical research related to gender and sexual reform, and Magnus Hirschfeld, its founder and director, came to personify the institute’s mission and values. In recent decades, a memory paradigm has emerged that celebrates Hirschfeld as a trail-blazing force who spearheaded the modern queer-rights and gender-equality movements. Responding to this trend, recent scholarly works have sought to present a more nuanced analysis of his legacy, including shining a light on disturbing facets of his politics and his scientific work. The short essays in this Forum, by members of an emerging generation of scholars in German history, queer studies, and the history of sexuality and gender, bring forth new perspectives on Hirschfeld and his legacy.

Abstract This article explores the role of race in discussions of women and aging in the early twentieth century. It first examines the uses of whiteness in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s problematic defense of older women, and then compares it with works by Harlem educator Elise McDougald. It investigates McDougald’s use of different life stages to disrupt anti-Black representations that stand in stark contrast to Gilman’s project. The article incorporates history and theories of aging, gender, and race, as well as literary analysis, to evaluate the long-standing and under-theorized importance of race in constructs of age and aging.

Gender history, an interdisciplinary field that has expanded since the 1970s, has significantly impacted Medieval and Renaissance studies. This research analysises bibliographic data to explore trends in gender history within these fields. Using the Web of Science, this study identifies 104,130 publications from 1975 to 2023 in the Arts &amp; Humanities Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index. By examining journal articles and book reviews with keywords such as women, gender, and masculinity, the study investigates how gender intersects with topics like politics, religion, and law. Findings reveal that gender historians in medieval and Renaissance studies predominantly focus on the sexuality, reflecting the intrinsic connections between sexuality, sex, body, and gender. This research also highlights a notable disparity in the representation of women’s history, gender history, and men’s history. Overall, this research maps the fifty years of gender-related scholarship and demonstrates how gender historians respond to shifting political trends.

This article reflects on female labor in Chile through the lens of statistics generated for a rural province, Maule, in the mid-19th century. It examines the dimensions of female labor and the early construction of categories to define it, as well as the distinctions made between productive activities and domestic work. The study also explores gender biases present in the sources from the period, which influenced the compilation of economic statistics and the visibility —or lack thereof— of these activities. The analysis illuminates a lesser-known phase of female labor integration and contributes to current debates by proposing an innovative intersection of perspectives that integrates economic history, labor history, and gender history.

In the history of the Russian Empire, women played various roles. Along with Turkish historiography on Turkic Muslim women, current studies on the Russian Empire as a multi-ethnic, multi-religious polity and current studies on Russian women’s and gender history are unified from the 2010s, after the multi-ethnic/multi-religious nature of the Russia Empire became the theory based on more lucid legal/administrative regulations. The newly unified current indicates the imperialistic practices of Russian Women and the gendered nature of the Russian Empire. This article, to contribute to the new current, examines propaganda, Naşi Voinı Pravoslavnıe (Our Orthodox Soldiers), by one of the famous female authors, Vera Zhelikhovskaia (Jelihovskaya), who had lived in the Caucasus for several decades, not à priori but critically considering the social meaning of “femininity”. By intersectional analyses of gender-ethnicity-denomination-subjecthood, this article attempts to elucidate how a Russian woman recognised and represented the polity of Russia and various people in Russia during the Russo-Ottoman War, 1877-1878. The hierarchy, in which Russian men are on the top, Russian women submitting to and caring for Russian men come after, non-Russian/Orthodox subjects are the second-class compatriots, and the “Turks” are completely disdained and excluded, finally almost without any non-Russian/Orthodox women.

The role of Soviet women in achieving the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War against Nazi Germany and its allies is a topic with a long historiographical tradition. In the latest studies carried out by both Russian historians (including late Soviet ones) and historians from other countries, this topic is considered in the mainstream of several major trends. One of them is related to the issues of economic history. Along with teenagers and elderly people, women became the most important labor resource during the war, massively replacing men of working age who went to the front. Their participation in the staffing of all sectors of the Soviet state economy is an unprecedented example of the implementation of one of the models of the mobilization economy caused by the war. But this gives rise to another trend: due to what, by what methods was it possible to carry out a mass mobilization of female labor? The classical version of Soviet historiography unambiguously characterized this process as a labor feat based on a high and nationwide sense of patriotism. Some post-Soviet and many Western historians see it primarily as a result of Soviet propaganda and state coercion. Finally, the position of women in production during the Great Patriotic War, their working and living conditions are considered in the context of the “new social history”, i. e. the history of everyday life, gender history, etc. Based on statistical indicators, this article summarizes the empirical material proving that Soviet women, in fact, for the first time in the world, turned out to be a determining force in meeting the needs of the military economy. Their labor achievements, material support for the front through the Defense Fund, and the donor movement were mainly the result of a sincere and selfless desire. It was caused by hatred of the enemy and the desire to support the fighting men, which, among other things, reconciled them with the strict labor legislation and difficult working and living conditions inevitable in the conditions of total war.

This article has two purposes. Firstly, it examines recent historiographical overviews that mostly discuss “peripheral” or “national”/“regional” historiographical traditions, to detect current aspirations, frustrations and challenges in respect of how academic centres, peripheries and hierarchies are constructed in gender history today. Secondly, it discusses the profile of four international journals dedicated to women’s and gender history to examine how historiographical centres and peripheries have been shaped through their pages in the last decade (2011–2020).

Goal: Is to analyze the possibilities of incorporating the achievements of gender history into school courses on the history of Ukraine, which will help students to form an understanding of the gender dimension of historical processes and social reality, and provide skills of critical and systematic analysis of historical phenomena and events. Methodology The application of general scientific principles of analysis and synthesis is combined with the methods of gender analysis, which is based on the denial of the androcentricity of scientific discourse as universal, recognizing the multiplicity and variability of the impact of historical events, phenomena and processes on men and women. The scientific novelty of the study is to determine the impact of the scientific achievements of gender history researchers on the school history course, ways to apply the work of domestic scholars to develop students' skills of critical understanding of social processes in the past. It has been established that educational texts, although they contain coverage of certain issues of gender history, do not allow tracing the continuity and mechanisms of reproduction of gender inequality, only partially represent women's experience, and form sporadic and non-systematic knowledge of the mechanisms of social stratification and the impact of women on the development of society. In the context of building a civil society, it is important to develop in students an awareness of equal rights and opportunities for all citizens, respect for their rights, recognition of the rule of law and gender equality through the understanding of history. The textbook, which contains such a component as the gender dimension of historical processes and phenomena, helps to critically comprehend historical processes and develops skills in analyzing the present. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the coverage of gender history issues in high school history textbooks, it was found that gender issues are gradually finding their place in school history. Women's experience is represented in educational texts through the inclusion of oral memories of historical events by women, and female figures are represented by biographies of famous cultural figures and widely used visual sources. Some textbooks contain excerpts from the works of scholars working in gender history, bringing in a professional perspective on certain issues, or contain certain definitions that give a theoretical character to the phenomena or processes under analysis. However, references to women are rather fragmented, and the idea of women as a separate social group is not systematic. The use of women's biographies or personal sources is often not accompanied by tasks to develop critical thinking and identify the root causes of gender inequality.