Promote Gender Equality Research Articles

Exploring Ethical Principles Within Feminist Foreign Policy

The paper intends to argue how ethics can find its functional position within the implementation of Feminist Foreign Policy (FFP) without challenging the reality of the social, economic, and political conditions of the country by describing the main features of feminist foreign policy and focusing on the ethical principles of the policy. The study aims to understand how feminist foreign policy adopts ethical views and achieves the successful realization of these principles in a global context. Considering the challenging nature of the international arena and the different national interests of the actors, feminist foreign policy faces various difficulties in achieving its goals. To understand the problems and investigate the evolution of FFP, ethical principles in the current political system are looked through to determine which values are compromised to maintain the state interests and why national concerns are above ethical principles. In the second chapter, the examination of FFP and the benefits of following the moralities are studied for deep analyses of feminist ethics. Although there is no agreed definition of the concept, the trend suggests an alternative approach to promoting gender equality and empowerment of women based on ethical and moral guidelines.

Film Representation of Igbo Cultural Widowhood Practices in Anambra State. An Audience Analysis of a Nollywood Movie: Glory of a Widow

This study examines the representation of Igbo cultural widowhood practices in Anambra State through the lens of the Nollywood film "Glory of a Widow". Employing structural functionalist theory and feminist film theory, this qualitative research utilized focus group discussions to gather data from audiences. Findings reveal that Igbo cultural practices surrounding widowhood continue to be prevalent in contemporary society, perpetuating gender inequality and discrimination. The study identifies the need for amendments of existing laws and policies to protect the rights of widows. The film's portrayal of these practices sparks crucial conversations about cultural preservation, gender justice, and the role of the media in shaping societal attitudes. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex intersections between culture, gender, and media representation in Igbo society, highlighting the potential for film to inspire social change and promote gender equality.

Skills development for sustainable career planning in Bangladesh: the case of gender equality in education

Purpose This study aims to investigate the importance of lifelong learning in cultivating competent human capital, fostering long-term career sustainability and promoting gender equality in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This study has used a qualitative research methodology with inductive reasoning. The researchers used purposive sampling to conduct semi-structured interviews with 34 male and female students at the graduate and undergraduate levels, in addition to six stakeholders. This research is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of human capital development theory and gender and development theory. Findings The results suggest that there exists a positive correlation between lifelong learning, sustainable career development and gender equality in the context of Bangladesh. Successfully executing strategies might also play a significant role in attaining Bangladesh’s sustainable development goals (SDGs). Practical implications Educational curriculum reform within institutions is urgently needed, necessitating the active involvement and influential contributions of actors and stakeholders. Implementing lifelong learning must also align with gender equality and SDGs. Originality/value This study addresses a significant gap in the existing literature by offering insights into the relationship between lifelong learning, career sustainability and gender equality within the specific context of Bangladesh. This study provides valuable contributions to scholars, stakeholders and policymakers while establishing a foundation for future research endeavors.

The advancement of Industry 4.0 and the transformations in the labor market Closing gender gaps? Policies under debate

The writing aims to share the progress of a research project that analyzes three strategic economic sectors for Argentina's sustainable and inclusive development, such as the Science and Technology sector, the Popular Economy, and Industry 4.0. We will focus on the latter, one of the economy's most dynamic sectors and with great capacity for expansion and job creation. In dialogue with profound changes being carried out aimed at promoting gender equality, and in line with the presence of gender machinery at the highest state levels, we propose to account for the policies and actions being carried out at the National level, at the level of the Province of Buenos Aires, in Córdoba and Santa Fe, which seek to close inequality gaps in the sector. These provinces were selected based on having Women's Ministries where one of their objectives is to mainstream the gender perspective in state management. Along these lines, the programs and actions carried out by the aforementioned ministries will be presented, as well as those specific to the sector, typifying them based on what type of gender gap they are addressing. Whether it addresses labor segmentation or, on the other hand, addresses other issues linked to violence, care, participation and promotion, and income.

EFFECT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN FARMING ACTIVITIES IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA

Domestic violence against women in agricultural households presents a multifaceted challenge affecting both the individuals involved and broader agricultural productivity. The objective of the study was to; describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; examine the nature of domestic violence prevalent in the study area; identify the causes of domestic violence and determine the level of participation of women in farming activities; and examine the effect of domestic violence on women farming activities in the study area. Multi-stage sampling and random sampling techniques were used to select 180 respondents for the study. The primary data obtained using a well-structured questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics and a three-point Likert scale. The result showed that reveals that the majority (56.7%) of the respondents were between the age range of 26 – 45 years, 86.7% were married and all the respondents had some form of formal education. Further investigation revealed that physical violence, sexual violence, emotional violence, economic violence, and psychological violence were prevalent in the study area. The farming activities participated by women included planting, harvesting, land clearing, bush burning, processing, irrigation, decision making, farm labor, marketing, farm groups, extension activities, family discussions, and farm programs. This violence significantly impacts women's ability to engage effectively in farming activities, leading to reduced income, loss of assets, and diminished productivity. The major effects of violence on farming activities of the respondents in the study area were reduced income, lack of strength to continue with farming activities, lack of concentration on farming activities, reduced time devoted to farming activities, and loss of ownership of farm or asset. Based on the findings, to reduce the ugly incidence of domestic violence against women in the study area, there is a need to mandate law enforcement agencies by the government to arrest and prosecute perpetrators of domestic violence against women in the study area, highlighting the need for comprehensive interventions to address domestic violence against women in agricultural households, promoting gender equality, women's empowerment, and agricultural development for food security and economic prosperity.

Women's Empowerment in India: State-Wise Insights From the National Family Health Survey 5.

Background Women's empowerment is critical for achieving gender equality and societal progress. Despite various efforts, significant disparities in women's empowerment persist across different states in India. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of women's empowerment using data from the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5). Methods Data from the NFHS-5, collected between June 2019 and April 2021, were used. The Women's Empowerment Index (WEI) was calculated for each of the 28 states based on four dimensions: economic empowerment, decision-making, health and nutrition, and gender roles. Statistical analysis, including Pearson and Spearman correlations, was conducted to assess associations between WEI and various socioeconomic variables. Results The WEI ranged from 17.4 to 27.4, with a mean of 21.3 ± 2.6. Goa, Sikkim, and Himachal Pradesh had the highest WEI scores, while West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana had the lowest. Economic empowerment was highest in Karnataka, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. Decision-making scores were highest in Nagaland, Mizoram, and Goa. Health and nutrition scores were highest in Goa, Sikkim, and Uttarakhand. Positive gender roles were most prominent in Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Goa. Significant correlations were found between WEI and per capita net state domestic product, literacy rates, median age at marriage, and total fertility rate. Conclusion The study highlights substantial variations in women's empowerment across Indian states, influenced by socioeconomic, health, and educational factors. Targeted interventions are needed to address specific barriers and promote gender equality. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions and explore additional factors influencing women's empowerment.

Understanding food safety challenges through a gender and social lens in low‐ and middle‐income countries

AbstractFood safety is crucial for ensuring the quality and safety of the global food supply. However, the gender and social dimensions of food safety are often overlooked and undervalued. Women, who are primary caretakers in households, play a vital role in food preparation, storage, and consumption. Gender inequality can result in limited access to resources and information needed for safe food handling and storage, increasing women's vulnerability to foodborne illnesses. Cultural practices, education, and income levels also impact food safety. These factors can contribute to disparities in food safety and increase the risk of foodborne illnesses among certain populations. Promoting gender equality, cultural sensitivity, and addressing income inequality are essential to ensure safe and secure food for all. Addressing these issues can lead to a more equitable and sustainable food system.

Many crises, one call to action: advancing gender equality in health in response to polycrises

Many crises, one call to action: advancing gender equality in health in response to polycrises

The Role of Media in Shaping Perceptions of Women's Empowerment: Challenges and Opportunities for Change

This paper delves into the complex role of media in influencing perceptions of women's empowerment, highlighting the various obstacles and possibilities for transformation. Through a meticulous examination of the available literature, this study offers valuable insights into the impact of media on societal perceptions of women's empowerment. The paper thoroughly examines the portrayal of women in traditional media outlets and the changing landscape of digital platforms by analysing secondary data from various academic sources. The findings shed light on the intricate relationship between media portrayals and efforts to empower women, underscoring the importance of actively analysing media stories to promote substantial advancements. The study highlights the impact of media on shaping and reinforcing societal views on gender, which in turn can shape public opinion and policy decisions. Moreover, the analysis highlights the significance of digital media in offering fresh avenues for women's voices, while also posing novel obstacles like online harassment and misinformation. In conclusion, the paper highlights the significance of media literacy and advocacy in addressing gender stereotypes and advancing gender equality. There is a need for greater awareness and education to empower audiences to evaluate media content in a discerning manner, resulting in a more balanced portrayal of women in media stories.

Reframing Women’s Rights Activism in Contemporary Russia and Vladimir Putin’s Regime

In 2012, Pussy Riots movement came to the surface of Putin’s authoritarian regime. A long with its colorful balaclavas and provocative sudden performance song ‘Mother of God Drive Putin Away’ has successfully challenged the feminist political engagement in Putin’s regime along with their potential impact in improving human rights practice in Russia. This case shows a symbiotic relationship between the feminist agenda and the opposition movement where they could strengthen each other while feminism is the foundation for addressing gender issues. The paper will be analyzed by scrutinizing the actors of the Pussy Riot movement along with the promotion of gender equality as their main agenda. Then, it will be continued by analyzing the link of the Pussy Riot case with human rights and gender politics in the current political process of Russia and Putin’s regime. The two ways the connection between the feminist agenda and the way of opposition movement posed by Pussy Riot will also be drawn. Ultimately, we will see how the case could contribute to gender and human rights advocacy, particularly women’s rights, improvement in Russia. Relying upon the feminist movement, it can be concluded that the feminist agenda of gender equality can expand women’s role in Russia and advance Human Rights advocacy in Putin’s regime. Keywords:, Gender, Pussy Riot, Russia, Women’s Right

CHALLENGES OF BRIDE BUYING WOMEN (MOLKI) IN HARYANA

Bride buying, a controversial practice prevalent in certain regions of India, particularly in Haryana, raises significant ethical and social concerns. This paper explores the challenges faced by women who are bought as brides, including social stigma, lack of autonomy, economic dependence, and psychological issues. By examining the cultural and socio-economic context of Haryana, this paper aims to highlight the challenges faced by women purchased for marriage purpose and to understand the impact on the society at large. In the end, some suggestions are also given to provide better living for purchased brides. Bride buying, a practice rooted in socio-economic and cultural complexities, has significant implications for women in Haryana, India. This study explores the multifaceted challenges faced by women who become brides through this transactional system. Central to these challenges are issues of autonomy and agency, as many women are treated as commodities rather than individuals with rights and desires. Economic burdens placed on families often lead to financial exploitation, further ingrained poverty and limiting educational and career opportunities for these women. Additionally, the psychological impacts of bride buying, including feelings of worthlessness and depression, are profound, as societal norms perpetuate stigma and isolation. Legal frameworks aimed at addressing dowry-related practices often fall short, leaving women vulnerable and unprotected. This paper underscores the urgent need for inclusive policy interventions and community awareness programs not only to encounter the challenge of bride buying in Haryana but also promote gender equality and empower women in Haryana.

An Evaluation On The Institutionalization Of Gender And Development (GAD) Program In Selected Barangays In Lupao, Nueva Ecija

This study evaluates the institutionalization of Gender and Development (GAD) programs in selected barangays in Lupao, Nueva Ecija. The research aims to assess the planning, implementation, and challenges encountered by barangay officials in integrating GAD initiatives into their development plans. Qualitative research methods were employed, including document analysis and interviews with barangay officials and secretaries from three barangays: Agupalo Weste, Burgos, and Alalay Chica. Findings reveal that while the barangays have GAD policies in place, their implementation varies, with most programs focusing on women's involvement or assistance. However, these programs often lack a clear gender-sensitive approach and fail to address the diverse needs of both men and women. Budget allocation for GAD programs also reflects this imbalance, with limited resources directed towards initiatives specifically targeting gender issues. Challenges faced by barangay officials include insufficient knowledge and understanding of GAD principles, resulting in the misinterpretation and misalignment of GAD policies in program planning and implementation. Additionally, inadequate monitoring and evaluation mechanisms hinder the effective assessment of GAD program outcomes and the identification of areas for improvement. Recommendations include capacity-building initiatives for barangay officials, strengthening of GAD structures, gender-sensitive budgeting, awareness campaigns, regular monitoring and evaluation, and collaboration with stakeholders. These measures aim to enhance the institutionalization of GAD and promote gender equality and women's empowerment at the grassroots level. Overall, this study highlights the importance of ensuring that GAD programs are effectively planned, implemented, and monitored to address gender inequalities and contribute to inclusive community development.

Harassment among women health workers in university hospital: An epidemiological study

Introduction: Women have played an active role in medicine since ancient times, but they have often faced many challenges. Today, bullying is a major issue in the healthcare field. According to Einarsen (1999) and Leymann, this phenomenon encompasses frequent abuse over a prolonged period, with humiliating consequences. Studies carried out in Morocco, notably in Fez and Marrakech, show a high incidence of moral harassment, at 34.2% and 27.5% respectively. Despite progress, women still face prejudice and obstacles in the healthcare field. The aim of this study is to assess the frequency of moral harassment among female doctors and paramedical staff at the Med VI University Hospital (CHU) in Marrakech, by analyzing their profile and identifying related elements. Materials and method: From September 2019 to February 2020, this descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among all female healthcare staff at Marrakech University Hospital with at least six months' experience, with the exception of students, office workers, administrators and secretaries. Data were collected using the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror (LIPT), supplemented by questions on personal history and job satisfaction. Three hundred professionals were approached, and 208 responded (70% participation rate). The participants were doctors and paramedics. Informed consent was obtained, and anonymity was respected. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS version 23.0, using the Chi2 test for categorical variables with a significance level of p = 0.05. Results: The average age of the participants was 29, mainly single (60%). The majority were junior doctors (60%). Average professional seniority was 36.4 months, with 50% having less than five years' seniority. 62% worked in medical departments. The prevalence of moral harassment was 26%. Frequent situations included rumors (32%) and humiliating remarks (37.4%). Harassment came mainly from hierarchical superiors (41% of perpetrators were women). There were no significant gender differences in terms of harassment. Conclusion: The study reveals a high incidence of moral harassment among female doctors and paramedical staff at Marrakech University Hospital. Despite advances, women still face major challenges that impact on their well-being and professional fulfillment. Recognizing and addressing these behaviors is essential to improving the professional environment for women in healthcare. Urgent, coordinated measures are needed to prevent bullying, support victims and promote gender equality in medicine.

Examining Gender Roles in the Anganwadi of Rachna Nagar, Bhopal: A Sociocultural Perspective

The research delves into the exploration of gender roles within the Anganwadi community of Rachna Nagar, Bhopal, aiming to illuminate prevailing norms influencing decision-making, domestic responsibilities, and career choices. Gender roles, deeply entrenched in societal expectations, shape power dynamics and individuals` experiences within communities. The study, employing a mixed-methods approach, examines the influence of education attainment on gender roles to provide nuanced insights into gender dynamics within this specific context. Findings reveal entrenched traditional gender stereotypes, evidenced by the predominant male authority in decision-making within households and the unequal distribution of domestic responsibilities. Moreover, perceptions regarding education and career opportunities underscore gender biases, with males often favored over females. Despite advancements, disparities persist, with women expected to prioritize family well-being over their own careers. The study also highlights disparities in skill development opportunities and the celebration of achievements, reflecting deep-seated gender biases. Education attainment significantly influences perceptions of gender roles, with higher education associated with greater autonomy. However, cultural expectations and societal norms continue to perpetuate traditional gender stereotypes, hindering gender equality. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to challenge these norms, promote gender equality, and empower individuals to make choices based on abilities rather than societal expectations dictated by gender. By addressing systemic inequalities, communities can foster a more inclusive and equitable society where individuals of all genders have the opportunity to thrive.

GENDER DISPARITIES AND INEQUALITIES IN THE INDIAN IT SECTOR: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

This research paper examines the gender status and representation in the boardrooms, management, and leadership positions, and a workforce of four major Indian IT companies: TCS, Infosys, Wipro, and HCL. The study utilizes data from the respective annual reports of the companies, focusing on the years 2018 to 2022. The results and discussion section reveal significant gender disparities and inequalities in the examined areas. In the boardrooms, women are underrepresented, with men comprising the majority of directors in all four companies. However, the chi-square test results indicate no significant evidence of gender disparity or inequality in the boardrooms. In terms of management and leadership positions, women are significantly underrepresented in all four companies. The chi-square test results confirm the presence of gender disparities and inequalities in these positions. The workforce analysis shows a substantial gender gap, with women being a minority in all four companies. The chi-square test results also reveal significant evidence of gender disparity or inequality in the workforce of these companies. The paper includes tables and figures that provide a visual representation of gender distribution and trends over the years. The representation of women in senior management positions shows some fluctuations, with TCS consistently having the highest representation. Women's representation among all employees also increases slightly over the years for most companies. Overall, the findings highlight the need for concerted efforts to address gender disparities and promote gender equality within the Indian IT sector. The study emphasizes the importance of creating inclusive and supportive environments that provide equal opportunities for women to advance and thrive in leadership positions.

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN ADVANCING GENDER EQUALITY UNDER THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL

This paper examines the role of international law in advancing gender equality under the framework of Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5). SDG 5, which aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, is a critical component of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. International law plays a pivotal role in promoting and enforcing gender equality through various treaties, conventions, and human rights instruments, such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). This paper explores how these legal frameworks, combined with international bodies like the United Nations and regional institutions, contribute to setting normative standards, influencing national legislation, and driving global policy changes. Additionally, it assesses the progress and challenges faced by countries, with a particular focus on the Indian legal landscape, in implementing international commitments to gender equality. By analyzing current legal developments, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of how international law has both shaped and is being shaped by the pursuit of gender equality in line with SDG 5, offering insights into potential pathways for future advancements.

Factors Influencing Women's Preferences for STEM Professions: A Case Study of the University of Peshawar

There is a widely held belief that there is an increasing gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) worldwide. Women have achieved gender equality with men in certain professions, such as the humanities and social sciences. However, women still lack adequate representation in the highest positions of academia and the professional world in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This paper is grounded in institutional theory to explore the factors that demotivate or hinder women from joining STEM as a profession in universities. The research is based on a qualitative case study of the University of Peshawar. We conducted 20 interviews with female staff members in 13 STEM departments, with 32 female staff out of 183 faculty members. The collected data generated a total of 123 codes. The axial coding procedure generated 38 codes, which were grouped into fourteen distinct categories and four overarching themes of (1) male dominant culture, (2) multiple influences, (3) professional environment, and (4) job opportunities. The study highlights the complex interplay between societal attitudes and gender in STEM fields, emphasising the need for comprehensive strategies to promote gender equality. Addressing these factors and thoroughly analysing women's engagement in STEM departments is crucial.

Gender and the public realm in Nigeria: Hannah Arendt‘s perspective

Hannah Arendt, renowned for her insights into political philosophy, particularly in "The Human Condition" and "On Revolution", delineates the dichotomy between the public and private realms. In her analysis, the public sphere represents a space of political agency and rational discourse, crucial for the realization of human freedom and equality. Conversely, the private realm, characterized by necessity and domesticity, traditionally excludes women from active participation in public affairs. This study explores Arendt's theories to analyze gender exclusion in Nigeria's public realm. Historically, Nigerian women have faced systemic marginalization, confined to the private sphere, hindering their political participation. This research aims to evaluate women's representation in Nigerian politics, the impact of colonial and post-colonial policies, and the role of patriarchal structures. Integrating Arendt's framework with gender theory and social exclusion, the study underscores the need for constitutional amendments and cultural shifts to enhance women's political agency. This research proposes multifaceted solutions. These include legislative reforms to promote gender equality, educational initiatives to empower women politically, and cultural shifts to challenge stereotypes and biases against women in leadership roles. Such interventions are crucial for dismantling existing barriers and fostering a more inclusive public sphere where women's voices are heard and their contributions are valued. This research uniquely applies Arendt’s political theory to the contemporary issue of gender exclusion in Nigerian politics, providing a comprehensive analysis that links historical, cultural, and structural factors. It offers actionable recommendations to improve women's political representation and participation, fostering women's education, political advocacy, and cultural change to achieve a more egalitarian society.

Fiqh Contestation on Women's Public Leadership in Indonesia and Malaysia: Reproducing Qur'anic and Hadith Interpretations

This paper discusses the contestation of women's public leadership discourse among feminist activists in Indonesia and Malaysia and how the reproduction of fiqh on women's public leadership in both countries takes place. This research is a field study with data collection through interviews and direct interaction with women activists in both countries and documenting their works. Using the Islamic activism approach, it was found that: 1) The issue of women leaders in Indonesia and Malaysia is complex. Women are often held back by culture, religion and politics. Muslim feminist groups face resistance from conservative groups when they try to challenge gender inequality. Furthermore, some sharia law make it harder for women to get legal protection and justice. More legal rights and support for women are therefore required to make politics more equal. 2) Feminist activists in Indonesia and Malaysia have reinterpreted Islamic texts to promote gender equality. They offer gender-responsive interpretation of the Qur'an and Hadith deemed to be fairer while supporting support social justice and gender equality. 3) The fiqh product of leadership concludes that the moral ideal in the Qur'an and hadith is for leaders to be competent (qawwām). People who fit this profile are well-suited to lead, particularly in a country that adheres to democratic principles.

Understanding Sarinah as an Arena for Feminism Education Based on Local Culture

General Background: Feminism education is crucial for fostering mutual respect and understanding of gender differences, emphasizing the social identity of archipelago feminism. This approach embraces the values of womanhood rooted in Indonesian culture and customs. Specific Background: The book "Sarinah" by President Sukarno offers a foundational perspective for exploring the historical and cultural significance of feminism education in Indonesia. Knowledge Gap: Despite analyses of "Sarinah" focusing on feminist values and Marxist literary criticism, research on the specific educational arena of feminism in Indonesia is limited. Aims: This study aims to analyze the Indonesian feminism education arena as presented in "Sarinah," using a qualitative methodology, including literature review and event interpretation. Results: The analysis identifies four key aspects: the third phase of civilization evolution, the role of intelligence, motivations of Indonesian feminism, and external influences such as society, family, and education systems. Novelty: The study highlights the distinctiveness of feminism education in Indonesia by focusing on local cultural values. Implications: The research emphasizes integrating cultural and traditional values in feminism education to promote gender equality. It calls for empowering women, recognizing their equal capabilities to men, and eliminating discrimination based on gender, class, or ethnicity. Highlights: Cultural Relevance: Emphasizes aligning feminism education with Indonesian cultural values. Key Factors: Identifies intelligence, motivation, and societal influences in the education arena. Empowerment: Highlights the need to empower women and address barriers to gender equality. Keywords: Pendidikan Feminisme, Arena, Adat, Budaya Nusantara