Gender Differences In Recovery Research Articles

Journal Digest: Electrical Brain Stimulation and OC; Postpartum Depression Scale; Antidepressants and Sciatica Pain; Vitamin D and ADHD Risk in Children; Cannabidiol and Cocaine Relapse; Gender Differences and Suicide Attempt

Journal Digest: Electrical Brain Stimulation and OC; Postpartum Depression Scale; Antidepressants and Sciatica Pain; Vitamin D and ADHD Risk in Children; Cannabidiol and Cocaine Relapse; Gender Differences and Suicide Attempt

Gender Differences in Recovery Needs After a Suicide Attempt: A National Qualitative Study of US Military Veterans.

Appropriate after-care for the estimated 1.4 million people with nonfatal suicide attempts each year in the United States is critical, yet little research has focused on recovery needs after an attempt and whether important gender differences in those needs may exist. In this study, we examined gender differences in recovery needs after a suicide attempt among a national sample of women and men veterans. We interviewed 25 women and 25 men veterans from Veterans Health Administration health care systems across the country. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a demographically and clinically diverse sample. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Although some recovery topics were similar between genders, the participants' primary recovery needs, or goals, differed by gender. Women focused on developing connections with others and wanted to increase their self-knowledge and self-worth. Men were focused on trying to live up to their ideal selves by living and doing "right." Men also wanted to feel like they were needed by others. Both women and men also wanted to feel a stronger sense of purpose in their lives. Findings suggest that recovery needs among veterans after a nonfatal suicide attempt vary by gender: women may benefit more from psychoeducational approaches in group settings with other women, whereas men may benefit more from approaches that help them focus on making changes in their lives towards becoming their ideal selves.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RECOVERY AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS IN KARACHI

The present study is aim to discuss the gender differences in recovery and Quality of life among schizophrenic patients of Asghar Psychiatric hospital Karachi. A sample of 70 patients including male (n=39) and female (n=31) was selected. Only patients with schizophrenia in recovery were selected in study purpose. Purposive sampling method was used to select the sample. All patients were screened using Demographic sheets, RAS-DS (Recovery Assessment scale- Domains and stages)and WHOQOL-BRIEF (WHO Quality of life Scale) to be administered to the sample. The result of the study indicated that significant differences of recovery score among male and female respondents were found. Female patients were higher scores of recovery with regards to all domains of RAS-DS and the males showed significantly better quality of life with regards to all domains: Physical health (88%), Psychological health (82%), Environment (89%) and Social relations (69%) than females.

Gender Differences in Recovery From Sports-Related Concussion in Adolescents.

Gender Differences in Recovery From Sports-Related Concussion in Adolescents.

Gender comparison of recovery from intravenous and inhalational anaesthetics among adult patients in South‐West Nigeria (1064.3)

Gender is a known factor in recovery from general anaesthetics. This study reports such a difference in South‐West Nigerian patients, and proposes gender‐based differences in pharmacokinetic profiles as explanation. Two main strata (20 males and 20 females) were considered, and written informed consents were obtained for both strata. Intravenous general anaesthesia was induced with propofol or thiopental and maintained with inhalational agent halothane or isoflurane. Patient plasma samples were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), for anaesthetic agents before induction; at 10, 30 60, 180 mins after induction of anaesthesia, and at recovery. The Elimination Half Life, Mean Resident Time, and Clearance measured in propofol patients maintained on halothane or isoflurane were 310.7 ± 138.4 min, 459.2 ± 199.4 min and 431.1 ± 154.1 ml/min, respectively for females versus 503.0 ± 312.2 min, 732.8 ± 448.3 min and 290.0 ± 157.8 ml/min for males. The corresponding values with thiopental induction were 148.0 ± 112.7 min, 220.9 ± 180.3 min and 544.6 ± 500.1 ml/min for females versus 76.8 ± 28.7 min, 115.4 ± 35.4 min and 533.7 ± 502.5 ml/min for males. Data was significantly different (p<0.05) across gender. Gender differences in recovery from anaesthetic agents in Southwest Nigerian patients is due to differences in pharmacokinetic profiles.Anaesthesia, Recovery time, HPLC, Pharmacokinetics.Grant Funding Source: Self‐Funded Research Student supported by Supervisors

Updates From the Third Federal Interagency Conference on Traumatic Brain Injury

Updates From the Third Federal Interagency Conference on Traumatic Brain Injury

Gender differences in recovery outcomes after an early recovery symptom management intervention

Background Despite known gender differences in recovery, few studies have examined symptom management (SM) interventions or responses by gender after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS). Objective The purpose of this subanalysis was to describe and evaluate differences in response by gender to an SM intervention on the presence and burden of symptoms, physical activity, and physical functioning in elderly CABS patients during the early discharge period (3 and 6 weeks after CABS, and 3 and 6 months after CABS). Methods The parent study whose data were analyzed to examine gender differences involved a two-group, randomized clinical trial design. The 6-week early recovery SM telehealth intervention was delivered by the Health Buddy. Measures included the Cardiac Symptom Survey, a Modified 7-Day Activity Interview, an RT3 accelerometer, an Activity Diary, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36. This study was not powered for a gender × group analysis, and we used descriptive statistics, χ 2 tests, t tests, and analysis of variance for statistical analyses. Results Subjects (n = 232) included 192 men and 40 women, with a mean age of 71.2 SD, 7 years. The intervention group consisted of 86 men and 23 women, and the usual care (UC) group consisted of 106 men and 17 women. Data trends suggest that the SM intervention exerted greater impact on women than on men for symptoms such as fatigue, depression, sleep problems, and pain. Again, men exhibited higher levels of physical activity than did women. However, women in the SM group generally had higher scores than did women in the UC group. Conclusion Although the parent study found no effect of an early recovery SM intervention, this exploratory secondary analysis indicated that women in the intervention group demonstrated more improvement in measures of physical activity than did those in the UC group. Further study, using a larger sample, is necessary to test these preliminary results.

Gender equity in treatment for cardiac heart disease in Portugal

Equity in health care delivery is one of the objectives of the Portuguese health care system. To date, research on this issue has mainly focused on income-related equity. This is the first study to shed light on gender equity, using a large data base that includes all patients admitted with cardiac heart disease at Portuguese NHS hospitals over the 2000-2006 period (259,519 discharges from 57 hospitals). In this paper we compare the use of catheterization and revascularization between men and women, controlling for age, comorbidities and hospital characteristics. Our findings show that women receive notably less catheterization and revascularization, with no significant change in this pattern over the 2000-2006 period. In addition, we observe that (i) gender differences disfavouring women are higher prior to detection of acute disease than after; (ii) women are significantly more likely to die during hospitalization despite equal treatment; (iii) gender differences against women are higher for non-elective admissions, and women are more often admitted through emergency units. These additional findings suggest that gender differences in detection, referral and treatment at early stages of the disease are likely to play a crucial role. They could possibly explain part of the higher gender differences before acute disease has been detected; they also lead women to be treated later, to be more frequently admitted through emergency units and to experience worse outcomes. However, alternative explanations cannot be discarded. The higher women's in-patient mortality may also signal gender differences in recovery from treatment, and the higher gap among emergency admissions could point to women's lower willingness to be treated. Further investigation should help to disentangle the precise role of each of these causal factors.

Comparing Cognitive, Relational and Stress Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in Recovery from Bereavement-Related Internalizing Problems

Four putative mediators underlying gender differences in youths' recovery from bereavement-related internalizing problems were examined in a sample (N = 109; age range = 8–16 years at the initial assessment) of parentally bereaved youth: intrusive thoughts about grief, postdeath stressors, negative appraisals of postdeath stressors, and fear of abandonment. A three-wave parallel process longitudinal growth model design was employed. Changes in internalizing problems and mediators were measured as a function of months since the death. Girls showed stability in depression symptoms and a slight rise in anxiety symptoms; boys' trajectories of symptoms of anxiety and depression declined. Girls' higher initial levels of postdeath stressors, threat appraisals and fear of abandonment mediated their higher level of internalizing problems 14 months later. Girls' higher initial fear of abandonment also mediated additional growth in anxiety relative to boys.

Does Time Spent on Household Activities or Housework Stress Complicate Recovery Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery?

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of household activities and housework stress as factors contributing to gender differences in recovery following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Therefore, the impact of time spent on household activities and housework stress on physical functioning (PF) was explored. Methods: Psychosocial data were measured two months and again one year after CABG in a sample of 351 patients (23% women) recruited within one week before surgery. Self-report questionnaires included assessment of household responsibilities, depression (PHQ–9), and PF (SF-36 subscale). Results: The results revealed that, following CABG, women spent more time on household activities and experienced markedly more stress due to these activities than men. Surprisingly, only housework stress was associated with poorer PF, whereas the time spent on household activities did not explain differences in PF in men and women. Finally, household responsibilities were not associated with the poorer recovery of the female CABG patient. Discussion: In conclusion, our results do not support the advice that women should not resume household activities two months after surgery. More research is needed to establish valid guidelines.

間欠的掌握運動後の筋出力回復動態の性差と筋酸素化動態との関連

To investigate a relationship between gender differences in recovery from skeletal muscle fatigue and muscle oxygenation, we examined whether there is a difference in oxygen supply and consumption of the working muscles after intermittent handgrip exercise between young males and females using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Healthy young subjects (25.8±3.9 years ; males, n=10 ; females, n=10) repeated static maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) with a handgrip for 5 seconds followed by 5 seconds rest for a period of 4 minutes in Study 1. The MVC force was measured before, each minute during the handgrip exercise, and 2, 5, and 10 minutes following the exercise. In Study 2, the selected 10 subjects (males, n=5 ; females, n=5) performed the same exercise and their total- and deoxy- hemoglobin/myoglobin level was measured using the venous occlusion NIRS method; and O2 supply index (OSI) and O2 consumption index (OCI) calculated before and after the exercise. In Study 1, females exhibited higher %MVC force at the end of the exercise and during the recovery period than males (p<0.05). In Study 2, the %OSI was significantly lower in females than in males at 5 and 10 minutes in the recovery period (p<0.05), but no significant differences were detected in %OCI. Furthermore, %MVC of the recovery period correlated with %OCI of the recovery period in females (r=0.724, p=0.015), but not in males. These findings suggest that female working muscles can convert consumed oxygen more effectively after an intermittent handgrip exercise, and therefore, be able to recover muscle force faster.

Gender Differences in Recovery After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

This study examined the effect of gender on symptom evaluation, symptom response, and physical functioning following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Symptom evaluation and symptom response were measured at baseline and 2, 4, and 6 weeks and 3 months following surgery, and physical functioning was measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months. The sample included 46 men and 19 women randomly assigned to the routine care group of a larger study examining symptom management intervention influence on recovery outcomes in elderly coronary artery bypass graft patients. No significant differences were found in symptom evaluation, symptom response, or physical functioning by gender over time. Women reported consistently higher symptom evaluation scores for shortness of breath, fatigue, depression, sleep disturbance, swelling, and anxiety and lower mean physical and vitality subscale scores than men at every time point. Gender-specific symptom management strategies should be developed and tested to address the differences in the reporting of symptoms by men and women.

Maximal intermittent cycling exercise: effects of recovery duration and gender.

This study aimed to evaluate potential gender differences in recovery of power output during repeated all-out cycling exercise. Twenty men and thirteen women performed four series of two sprints (Sp1 and Sp2) of 8 s, separated by 15-, 30-, 60-, and 120-s recovery. Peak power (Ppeak), power at the 8th s, total mechanical work, and time to Ppeak were calculated for each sprint. Ppeak and mechanical work decreased significantly between Sp1 and Sp2 after 15-s recovery in both men (-6.4 and -9.4%, respectively) and women (-7.4 and -6.8%, respectively). Time to Ppeak did not change between recovery durations, but women reached their peak power more slowly than men (on average 5.15 +/- 1.2 and 3.8 +/- 1.2 s, respectively; P < 0.01). During Sp1 and Sp2, linear regressions from Ppeak to power at the 8th s showed a greater power decrease (%Ppeak) in women compared with men (P < 0.05). In conclusion, patterns of power output recovery between two consecutive short bouts were similar in men and women, despite lower overall performance and greater fatigability during sprints in women.

Gender differences in recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery

Gender differences in recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery

Gender differences in recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery

ObjectivesThis study was designed to examine whether female gender is associated with poorer recovery after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. BackgroundThe risks and benefits associated with CABG surgery in women are not as well established as they are in men, and there are concerns that women may have worse outcomes. The recovery period after CABG (the first four to eight weeks after the surgery) is a vulnerable time, with higher risks of complications and hospital readmission. There is little information on patients’ experiences during this phase, particularly among women. MethodsWe prospectively followed 1,113 patients (804 men and 309 women) who underwent first CABG consecutively between February 1999 and February 2001. Patients were interviewed at baseline and between six and eight weeks after surgery. Clinical data were abstracted from medical records. ResultsCompared with men, women were older and more often had unstable angina and congestive heart failure, lower physical function (PF), and more depressive symptoms in the month before surgery. At six to eight weeks after CABG surgery, after adjustment for baseline characteristics, the rate of hospital readmission was 20.5% in women and 11.0% in men (p = 0.005), and the mean number of physical symptoms and side effects was 2.5 in women and 2 in men (p = 0.0009). Whereas, on average, PF remained unchanged in men (an increase in score of 0.3 points, 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.1 to 1.8) and depressive symptoms improved (a decrease of 0.2 depressive symptoms, 95% CI, −0.4 to −0.04), women showed, on average, a 13-point decline in physical function (95% CI, −15.8 to −10.4) and an increase of 0.5 in depressive symptoms (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9). ConclusionsAfter CABG surgery, women have a more difficult recovery compared with men, which is not explained by illness severity, presurgery health status, or other patient characteristics.

Gender differences in recovery from injuries to the extremities in older persons. A prospective study

Purpose : This paper examines gender differences in trajectories of basic activities of daily living after fall-related injuries to the extremities in independently living older people in the Netherlands. Method : The study comprised a prospective design. Data were collected from 31 men and 140 women at baseline, when they had not yet sustained injuries (hip fractures, other fractures or contortions and dislocations), and 8 weeks, 5 months and 12 months after their accident. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in change in basic activities of daily living between baseline and follow-ups for men, for women and for the total study sample while adjusting for several covariates Results : The patients did not generally regain their pre-injury levels of functioning 12 months after their event. However, in contrast to the women, older men more closely reached their pre-injury levels of functioning. Although women deteriorated more than men, differences were not statistically significant at 8 weeks and 5 months post-injury. Long-term recovery, however, was significantly associated with gender when the impact of severity seemed to have expired. Conclusions : Recovery of basic activities of daily living one year after injuries to the extremities seems to be influenced by gender. Female patients recovered less well compared to males. These gender-related changes warrant concern and attention in clinical practice.

Cardiac rehabilitation I: review of psychosocial factors

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability for women and men. There are gender differences in recovery from coronary events, which may be due physiological, sociodemographic, or psychosocial factors. Cardiac rehabilitation programs have beneficial effects on coronary recovery. The following presents a review of the literature from MedLine (1997–2001) and PsychInfo (1984–2001) on gender differences in participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs, with a focus on depression, anxiety, self-efficacy and social support. A critical analysis of gaps in the literature as well as areas for future research are presented.

Gender differences in sexual abuse outcomes and recovery experiences: A survey of therapist-survivors.

If gender differences in recovery from childhood sexual abuse (CSA) go unrecognized, treatment may be unsuccessful. Gender differences in abuse characteristics, outcomes, and recovery are described for 131 therapists with CSA histories. Female clinicians reported more problems with self-esteem, relationships, trust, sex, and work than males. Female clinicians identified several recovery experiences as more important: relinquishing guilt, talking about the abuse, renegotiating family-of-origin relationships, personal therapy, reading or writing about their CSA, hospitalization, and CSA workshops. Therapists working with male victims need to be aware of possible gender differences in symptom report and effects of healing strategies. Working with victims of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can be challenging and demanding. The challenges can be even greater when working with male survivors, because most interventions have been developed largely from helping female survivors. This situation exists because more women present as CSA victims or disclose such histories in treatment. Men are still often viewed as perpetrators, not victims, and it is only recently that the paucity of services tailored for male victims has been addressed (Mendel, 1995). Many clinicians are increasingly beginning to appreciate that male and female survivors tend to be different from one another in important ways (Becker-Lausen & Mallon-Kraft, 1995; Feiring, Taska, & Lewis, 1996; Hunter, 1991; Krugman, 1996; Orbuch, Harvey, Davis, & Merbach, 1994; Rew, Espararza, & Sands, 1991). A number of critical questions for the practicing therapist remain unanswered, however (Hunter, 1991; KendallTackett & Simon, 1992; Orbuch et al., 1994). These questions include the following: How are patterns of abuse different for men and women? Do men and women have different long-term outcomes? How do male and female survivors work on their healing? What ways do they find are most important for their healing? What are the treatment implications of any gender differences? The lack of answers to these basic questions leaves the practicing clinician with the dilemma of knowing that male and female survivors are often affected by CSA in different ways but having no guidance about how to address those differences in treatment. This article LIZA LITTLE is a clinical psychologist and an assistant professor of nursing

Men Are Still From Mars and Women Are Still From Venus: Gender Differences in Recovery From CABG Surgery

Men Are Still From Mars and Women Are Still From Venus: Gender Differences in Recovery From CABG Surgery

Gender differences in recovery after coronary artery surgery.

Coronary artery bypass surgery is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures for coronary heart disease, which is the leading cause of illness in American men and women over the age of 50. Since perceptions of events have been shown to significantly affect outcomes after major cardiac illness, it is crucial for nurses to understand patients' perceptions of these events. This article explores how perceptions of cardiac surgery differ considerably by gender and role expectations, and how such differences can influence recovery.